ETSI TS 102 887-2 V1.1.1 (2013-09)

Technical Specification
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices;
Smart Metering Wireless Access Protocol;
Part 2: Data Link Layer (MAC Sub-layer)

2 ETSI TS 102 887-2 V1.1.1 (2013-09)

Reference
DTS/ERM-TG28-0427-2
Keywords
protocol, smart meter, SRD
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ETSI
3 ETSI TS 102 887-2 V1.1.1 (2013-09)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 6
Foreword . 6
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Definitions . 8
3.2 Abbreviations . 8
4 Global modifications to normative references . 9
5 Overview . 10
6 Devices operating in Mode 1 . 11
6.1 General Description . 12
6.2 MAC Protocol . 12
6.2.1 MAC Functional Description . 12
6.2.1.1 Channel Access . 12
6.2.1.2 Starting and Maintaining PANs . 12
6.2.1.3 Association and Disassociation . 12
6.2.1.4 Transmission, Reception and Acknowledgement . 12
6.2.2 MAC Frame Formats . 13
6.2.2.1 Beacon Frame Format . 13
6.2.2.2 Data Frame Format . 13
6.2.2.3 Acknowledgement Frame Format . 13
6.2.2.4 MAC Command Frame Format . 13
6.2.2.5 Multipurpose Frame Format. 13
6.2.2.6 Multipurpose Blink Frame Format . 13
6.2.2.7 LE Wake-up Frame Format. 13
6.2.2.8 Frame Compatibility . 14
6.2.3 Information Elements . 14
6.2.3.1 EMSDU IE . 14
6.2.3.2 MLM IE . 14
6.2.3.3 LE CSL IE . 14
6.2.3.4 LE RIT IE. 14
6.2.3.5 Rendezvous Time IE . 14
6.2.3.6 Channel Hopping IE . 14
6.2.3.7 Hopping Timing IE . 14
6.2.3.8 EB Filter IE . 14
6.2.3.9 MAC Metrics IE . 15
6.2.3.10 AllMAC Metrics IE. 15
6.2.3.11 SUN Device Capabilities IE . 15
6.2.3.12 Unmanaged ID Space IEs . 16
6.2.3.13 IE List Termination IE . 16
6.2.4 MAC Commands . 16
6.3 MAC Services . 16
6.3.1 Communication Notification Primitives . 16
6.3.2 Primitives for Channel Scanning . 17
6.3.3 Primitives for Updating the Superframe Configuration . 17
6.3.4 Primitives for Beacon Generation . 17
6.3.5 MAC Data Service . 17
6.3.6 MAC Constants and PIB Attributes . 17
6.4 Security . 18
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4 ETSI TS 102 887-2 V1.1.1 (2013-09)
6.5 Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) . 18
7 Devices Operating in Mode 2 . 18
7.1 Architecture . 18
7.2 Data Transfer Service Provided . 19
7.3 Security Services . 20
7.4 Data Structures . 20
7.5 Representation Order . 20
7.6 Addresses . 20
7.7 Frame Format . 20
7.7.1 Secured Frame Format . 20
7.7.1.1 Frame Control . 20
7.7.1.2 Destination Address . 21
7.7.1.3 Source Address . 21
7.7.1.4 Secure Envelope IE . 21
7.7.1.5 Frame Check Sequence . 21
7.8 Information Elements . 21
7.8.1 Node Announcement (NA) IE . 22
7.8.2 Secure Envelope (SE) IE . 22
7.9 Security Suite Families . 22
7.9.1 Auxiliary Security Header (ASH) . 22
7.9.1.1 Transmission . 23
7.9.1.2 Reception . 23
7.9.2 Cipher Suite Tuple . 23
7.9.2.1 Authentication HMAC . 24
7.9.2.2 Authentication CCM and Encryption None . 24
7.9.2.3 Authentication GCM and Encryption None . 25
7.9.2.4 Authentication and Encryption CCM . 25
7.9.2.5 Authentication and Encryption GCM. 25
7.9.2.6 Authentication HMAC and Encryption CTR . 26
7.9.3 Negotiated Session (NS) . 26
7.9.3.1 Transmission . 27
7.9.3.1.1 Authentication HMAC . 27
7.9.3.1.2 Authentication CCM and Encryption None. 27
7.9.3.1.3 Authentication GCM and Encryption None . 28
7.9.3.1.4 Authentication/Encryption Mode CCM . 29
7.9.3.1.5 Authentication/Encryption Mode GCM . 30
7.9.3.1.6 Authentication HMAC and Encryption CTR . 30
7.9.3.2 Reception . 31
7.9.3.2.1 Authentication HMAC . 32
7.9.3.2.2 Authentication CCM and Encryption None. 32
7.9.3.2.3 Authentication GCM and Encryption None . 32
7.9.3.2.4 Authentication and Encryption CCM . 33
7.9.3.2.5 Authentication and Encryption GCM . 34
7.9.3.2.6 Authentication HMAC and Encryption CTR . 35
7.9.4 Session Key (SK) IE . 36
7.9.4.1 NS New Session Message . 36
7.9.4.2 NS Session Created Message . 36
7.9.4.3 NS Session Acknowledgement Message . 37
7.9.4.4 NS Session Destruction Message . 37
7.10 Constants and Parameter Attributes . 38
7.11 Service Interfaces . 38
7.11.1 M-DATA.request . 38
7.11.2 M-DATA.indication . 39
7.11.3 MAC Layer Management Negotiated Session Interface (MLM-NS) . 39
7.11.4 MLM-NS.request . 40
7.11.4.1 MLM-NS New Session Request . 40
7.11.4.2 MLM-NS Session Created Request . 40
7.11.4.3 MLM-NS Session Acknowledge Request . 41
7.11.4.4 MLM-NS Session Destruction Request . 41
7.11.5 MLM-NS.indication . 41
7.11.5.1 MLM-NS New Session Indication . 41
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5 ETSI TS 102 887-2 V1.1.1 (2013-09)
7.11.5.2 MLM-NS Session Created Indication . 42
7.11.5.3 MLM-NS Session Acknowledge Indication . 42
7.11.5.4 MLM-NS Session Destruction Indication . 42
7.12 Functional description . 43
7.12.1 Channel Function . 43
7.12.2 Channel Table . 43
7.12.3 Timing Accuracy . 43
7.12.4 Synchronization . 43
7.12.5 CSMA . 43
7.12.6 Frame Processing . 43
7.12.7 Frame Counter . 43
7.12.8 Information Element Processing . 44
7.12.8.1 EMSDU IE . 44
7.12.8.2 Secure Envelope IE . 44
7.12.8.3 SK IE . 44
7.12.9 Data Transfer Services . 46
7.12.9.1 Unicast Data Transfer . 46
7.12.9.2 Beacon Data Transfer . 46
7.12.9.3 Broadcast Data Transfer . 46
7.12.9.4 Multicast Data Transfer . 46
7.13 Operating Class . 47
7.13.1 Regulatory Domain . 47
7.13.1.1 Global Operating Class . 47
7.13.1.2 US Operating Class . 47
7.13.1.3 Japan Operating Class . 47
7.13.1.4 Europe Operating Class . 47
8 Negotiation Session (NS) Protocol . 47
8.1 NS State Machine Representation . 47
8.2 Necessary Conditions . 48
8.3 Initiation . 48
8.4 Response. 49
8.5 Confirmation . 49
8.5.1 States . 50
8.5.1.1 Start . 50
8.5.1.2 Session Wait . 50
8.5.1.3 Ack Wait . 50
8.5.1.4 Established . 50
8.5.2 Events . 50
8.5.2.1 Timeout . 50
8.5.2.2 Retry Exceeded . 50
8.5.2.3 Constants and Attributes . 51
8.6 Key Derivation Function . 51
8.6.1 KDF 1 - SP800-108-CMAC . 51
9 PICS Proforma . 51
History . 55

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6 ETSI TS 102 887-2 V1.1.1 (2013-09)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://ipr.etsi.org).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic Compatibility and
Radio Spectrum matters (ERM)
The present document is part 2 of a multi-part deliverable covering Short Range Devices; Smart Metering Wireless
Protocol.
Part 1: "PHY Layer";
Part 2: "Data Link Layer (MAC sub-layer)".
Introduction
The present document, together with its associated PHY Technical Specification [1], provide radio communications
connectivity for continuously powered or battery operated Smart Metering devices which, when coupled with suitable
transport protocols, support advanced metering and other energy related applications. The MAC/PHY combination is
also suitable for a wide range of sensor and Machine-to-Machine applications characterised by low device duty cycle
and operation in shared spectrum.
This wide range of applications requires efficient connectivity protocol support for intermittent bi-directional data
exchanges between devices in both low density (e.g. rural) and high density (e.g. urban) environments covering
operations as simple as discovery and connection between one pair of devices (e.g. for walk-by meter reading) up to
networks of many devices sharing a Network Point of Attachment to an external wide area network.
Spectrum sharing imposes additional requirements on the lower layer communications protocols governed by
regulations limiting power and duty cycle among other characteristics. Such regulations taken into account by the
present document include those governing the operation of Short Range Devices. Simple and low density deployments
may be supported by distributed or cluster-based control algorithms, e.g. as found in [3] and [4], operating on a single
channel. Frequency agility to select or change operating channel to minimise interference is advantageous for these
applications but not essential for their operation.
Dense deployments and more complex applications may be constrained by spectrum sharing rules designed to limit the
interference to other devices or services from the data traffic generated. In these cases the optimum control algorithms
spread the population of devices uniformly over the available spectrum (channels) to minimise the number of devices
on any given channel thereby minimising interference from their generated traffic. Device behaviour defined in [2]
automatically distributes devices over the available channels by using device-centric pseudo-random channel hopping
but also supports single channel operation via a degenerate hopping algorithm always returning the same channel
number.
Both approaches to systems design may be deployed using the same PHY protocol and in the same frequency range and
it is therefore necessary to include facilities to discriminate between information belonging to each MAC approach.
Nothing prevents an implementation choosing to use only one of the alternate approaches or supporting both and the
present document provides the necessary data structure encoding to identify each unit of information in its correct
context.
ETSI
7 ETSI TS 102 887-2 V1.1.1 (2013-09)
1 Scope
The present document is the second part of the Smart Metering Wireless Access Protocol describing the data structures
and functional operation of Smart Metering and other applications intending to use spectrum resources covered by
TS 102 887-1 [1] Physical Layer.
TS 102 887-1 [1] is derived from IEEE 802.15.4g-2012™ [5] and the present document is derived from
IEEE 802 15.4-2011™ [3], IEEE 802.15.4e-2012™ [4] and ANSI/TIA-4957-200 [2] together with specific
enhancements or adaptations for the European context.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI TS 102 887-1: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short
Range Devices; Smart Metering Wireless Access Protocol; Part 1: PHY layer".
[2] ANSI/TIA-4957.200: "Layer 2 Standard Specification for the Smart Utility Network".
[3] IEEE 802.15.4-2011™: "IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks--
Part 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs)".
[4] IEEE 802.15.4e-2012™: "IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks--
Part 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs) Amendment 1: MAC
sublayer".
[5] IEEE 802.15.4g-2012™: "IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks--
Part 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs) Amendment 3: Physical
Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Data-Rate, Wireless, Smart Metering Utility Networks".
[6] FIPS 197 (November 26, 2001): "Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)".
[7] NIST Special Publication 800-108 (October 2009): "Recommendation for Key Derivation Using
Pseudorandom Functions", US National Institute of Standards and Technology, Computer Security
Division, Information Technology Laboratory.
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] IEEE Standards Association Registration Authority.
NOTE: Available at: http://standards.ieee.org/develop/regauth/
[i.2] IEEE-Standards Association Guidelines for 64-bit Global Identifier (EUI-64™).
NOTE: Available at: http://standards.ieee.org/develop/regauth/tut/eui64.pdf
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8 ETSI TS 102 887-2 V1.1.1 (2013-09)
[i.3] IEEE-Standards Association Standard Group MAC Addresses: A Tutorial Guide.
NOTE: Available at: http://standards.ieee.org/develop/regauth/tut/macgrp.pdf
[i.4] IEEE-Standards Association Use of the IEEE assigned Organizationally Unique Identifier with
ANSI/IEEE Std 802-2001 Local and Metropolitan Area Networks.
NOTE: Available at: http://standards.ieee.org/develop/regauth/tut/lanman.pdf
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
beacon: periodically transmitted Frame
channel function: function that computes the channel number from a Channel Table as a function of time
channel table: standardized representation of the channels of a frequency band
frame: data structure carrying a MAC Protocol Data Unit
Protocol Data Unit (PDU): unit of information exchanged by MAC entities and carries client data and/or MAC
protocol information
neighbour: node is a neighbour of another node if it is in direct communication range
node: conceptual entity embodying an implementation of MAC functionality as defined in the present document
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ACK ACKnowledgement
AEAD Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data
AES Advanced Encryption Standard
ASH Auxiliary Security Header
CCM Counter with CBC-MAC Mode
CMAC Cipher-based Message Authentication Code
CSL Coordinated Sample Listening
CSMA Carrier Sense Multiple Access
CSMA-CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance
CST Cipher Suite Tuple
CTR Counter (AES, Counter Mode)
DSME Deterministic and Synchronous Multi-channel Extension
EB Enhanced Beacon
EMSDU Encapsulated MSDU
EUI Extended Universal Identifier
FC Flow Control
FCS Frame Check Sequence
FDI Fractional Dwell Interval
FSI Fractional Sequence Interval
GCM Galois Counter Mode (AES)
GFSK Gaussian-filtered Shift Keying
GTS Guaranteed Time Slot
HMAC Hash-based Message Authentication Code
IE Information Element
KDF Key Derivation Function
LE Low Energy
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9 ETSI TS 102 887-2 V1.1.1 (2013-09)
LE-RIT Low Energy Receiver Initiated Transmission
LLDN Low Latency Deterministic Network
LR-WPAN Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks
MAC Medium Access Control
ME Management Entity
MHR MAC Header
MIC Message Integrity Check
MLM MAC Layer Management
MLM-NS MAC Layer Management Negotiated Session
MSDU MAC Service Data Unit
NA Node Announcement
NS Negotiated Session
OCS Operating Class Switching
OSI Open Systems Interconnection
PAN Personal Area Network
PDU Protocol Data Unit
PIB Personal Area Network Information Base
PICS Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement
PPDU PHY Protocol Data Unit
PRF Pulse Repetition Factor
PS Power Saving
QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
RDV Rendezvous
RIT Receiver Initiated Transmission
SE Secure Envelope
SK Session Key
SMEP Smart Metering Wireless Access Protocol
SSF Security Suite Family
STD State Transition Diagram
SUN Smart Utility Network
TSCH Time Slotted Channel Hopping
VSL Vendor Specific Long
VSS Vendor Specific Short
WPAN Wireless Personal Area Networks
4 Global modifications to normative references
In order to make use, in the European market context, of the functionality defined in the normative references, the
following adaptations are applied:
Table 1: Global Modifications to ANSI/TIA-4957.200
Section Reference in ANSI/TIA-4957.200 Action
2.1 Normative References Replace normative reference ANSI/TIA-4957.100 [1]
[1] ANSI/TIA-4957.100 Layer 1 Standard with
Specification for the Smart Utility Network TS 102 887-1 [1].

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10 ETSI TS 102 887-2 V1.1.1 (2013-09)
Table 2: Global Modifications to IEEE 802.15.4-2011™
Section Reference in IEEE 802.15.4-2011™ [3] Action
2 Normative references The second Normative Reference (NITS/CWPAN
Part 15.4) is not supported in the present document
Clauses 3 and 4 Clauses 3 and 4 of [3] are supported in the present
document except for references to Guaranteed Time
Slot services in clauses 4.1 and 4.5.1of [3]
Clause 5 Clause 5 of [3] is supported in the present document
except for sub-clauses relating to Guaranteed Time
Slot control and management.
Clauses 5.1.7, 5.2.2.1.3, 5.2.2.1.4, 5.2.2.1.5 and
5.3.9 of [3] are not supported in the present
document
Clauses 6 and 7 Clauses 6 and 7 of [3] are supported in the present
document, excluding: clause 6.2.6 GTS
management primitives, and clause 6.2.15 Primitives
for specifying dynamic preamble of [3]
Clauses 8 to 15 Clauses 8 to 15 of [3] are not supported
Annex D PICS Only those sections of the PICS relating to the
clauses supported in the present document are
relevant to ([4] Annex D)
Table 3: Global Modifications to IEEE 802.15.4e-2012™
Section Reference in IEEE 802.15.4e-2012™ [4] Action
Features of IEEE 802.15.4e-2012™ [4] are
supported in the present document except those
relating to TSCH, DSME and LLDN

Table 4: Global Modifications to IEEE 802.15.4g-2012™
Section Reference in IEEE 802.15.4g-2011™ [5] Action
Enhanced MAC frame formats and 4-octet FCS
defined in clauses 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 of IEEE

802.15.4g-2012™ [5] are supported in the present
document
5 Overview
This document describes the MAC sub-layer of the Smart Metering Wireless Access Protocol (SMEP). The SMEP PHY
layer is derived from external specifications with enhancements specific to the European context. Similarly, the SMEP
MAC sub-layer makes use of functionality in appropriate published standards adapted for use in the European context.
European Context
ANSI/TIA-
802.15.4 802.15.4e TS 102 887-2
PN4957.200
ANSI/TIA-
802.15.4g TS 102 887-1
PN4957.100
Figure 1: TS 102 887-2 Relation to External Standards
Figure 1 shows the relationship between the present document and the external standards it exploits.
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11 ETSI TS 102 887-2 V1.1.1 (2013-09)
IEEE 802.15.4-2011™ [3] is a multipurpose standard with many options for different application domains.
IEEE 802.15.4e™ [4] defines a number of enhancements to 802.15.4 including a multipurpose frame type and
information element features for extensibility. The present document exploits the basic 15.4 mode of operation and a
subset of 15.4e. Devices operating according these IEEE specifications are said to be operating in Mode 1.
ANSI/TIA-4957.200 [2] is a standard specifically addressing the needs of Smart Utility Networks and the present
document incorporates its functionality entirely. Devices operating according to the ANSI/TIA specification [2] are said
to be operating in Mode 2.
Although operating over PHY specifications which would allow devices built to either IEEE 802.15.4 [3] or
ANSI/TIA-4957.200 [2] to receive each others transmissions, the present document discriminates between them via
different values of the Frame Type (see [4], clause 5.2.1.1) and Frame ID (see [2], clause 5.3) fields.
Where the European Context imposes additional requirements on the facilities offered by either IEEE or ANSI/TIA
standards, the present document defines those necessary enhancements.
The physical layer supporting either mode of operation, TS 102 887-1 [1], is derived from IEEE 802.15.4g™ [5]
adapted for the European context. The present document assumes that the TS 102 887-1 [1] PHY provides:
• One or more communications channels over which packets may be exchanged.
• Immediate access to the communications channel.
• Indication of channel busy via Energy Detection or other means.
• Transfer of frames without modification between source and destination nodes.
6 Devices operating in Mode 1
This clause defines the behaviour of a node operating in Mode 1 at the MAC sub-layer of the OSI communications
model.
The IEEE 802.15.4 family of standards (see [3], [4] and [5]) defines a wide range of features that enable simple,
low-cost and low-power Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPAN). This clause defines a subset of those
features chosen for their widespread adoption, applicability to a range of applications and availability of interoperable
implementations to provide the necessary functionality for intended applications including Smart Metering.
The key features of a node operating in Mode 1 include:
• Star or Peer-to-Peer network topology.
• Globally unique EUI-64 device address and/or locally assigned 16-bit short address.
• Support for very low power device operation.
• Reliable data transfer using acknowledgements and retransmissions.
• Network discovery using beacon frames.
• Security service that employs symmetric key cryptography to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the
frame contents together with replay protection.
• CSMA-CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance) based channel access scheme allows
multiple nodes to operate on same channel.
• Optional super frame structure with active and inactive periods allow synchronized networks for very low
power operation.
• Support for frequency hopping.
The IEEE 802.15.4 [3] standard allows the WPAN to operate in one of the following operating modes:
• Legacy mode with or without periodic beacons specified in [3].
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12 ETSI TS 102 887-2 V1.1.1 (2013-09)
• Low latency deterministic network (LLDN) mode specified in [4].
• Time slotted channel hopping (TSCH) mode specified in [4].
• Deterministic and synchronous multi-channel extension (DSME) mode specified in [4].
These modes are mutually exclusive and all nodes in a WPAN shall be in the same operating mode. A node operating in
Mode 1 according to the present document will operate in the legacy mode with or without periodic beacons.
6.1 General Description
The general description and architecture shall be as described in [3], clause 4 as amended by [4], clause 4 except:
• The Physical Layer referred to in [3], clause 4.4.1 and elsewhere in [3] shall be replaced by the Physical Layer
described in [1].
• The description of Guaranteed Time Slots which shall be a feature not supported by the present document.
• Amendments in [4] to clauses 4.1 and 4.3 are not included in the present document.
• Amendments in [4] to clauses 4.5.1, 4.5.2 are not supported in the present document.
...