ETSI TS 103 597-2 V1.1.1 (2021-04)

ETSI TS 103 597-2 V1.1.1 (2021-04)






TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS);
Test Specification for MQTT;
Part 2: Security Tests

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2 ETSI TS 103 597-2 V1.1.1 (2021-04)



Reference
DTS/MTS-TSTMQTT-2
Keywords
security, testing

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3 ETSI TS 103 597-2 V1.1.1 (2021-04)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 4
Foreword . 4
Modal verbs terminology . 4
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 6
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Terms . 7
3.2 Symbols . 7
3.3 Abbreviations . 7
4 Security Test Objectives . 7
5 Security testing techniques (preliminary consideration) . 8
5.1 Fuzz Testing . 8
5.1.1 General Description . 8
5.1.2 Example Approach . 8
5.1.3 MQTT-specific Considerations . 9
5.2 Penetration Testing . 10
5.3 Testing for vulnerabilities . 10
5.4 Further approaches . 10
6 Test Configurations . 11
7 MQTT Security Test Purposes . 11
7.1 Introduction . 11
7.2 Authentication/authorization . 12
7.3 Encryptions. 13
7.4 Specific protocol security considerations . 13
8 Vulnerability Test Samples . 13
Annex A (informative): Sample security test catalogue . 15
A.1 Introduction . 15
History . 16


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4 ETSI TS 103 597-2 V1.1.1 (2021-04)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Methods for Testing and
Specification (MTS).
The present document is part 2 of a multi-part deliverable. Full details of the entire series can be found in part 1 [2].
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
The present document provides an introduction and guide for developers and users investigating in security testing of
the MQTT communication protocol. It will be a reference base for both client side test campaigns and server side test
campaigns addressing the security issues. It belongs to a multipart technical specification addressing the most relevant
testing aspects of MQTT:
• conformance;
• security; and
• performance testing.
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5 ETSI TS 103 597-2 V1.1.1 (2021-04)
While the conformance testing part presents a complete set of test purposes, the content for security and performance
parts is different and focus on evaluating relevant testing techniques and the provision of samples that are specific for
MQTT. For this reason, the structure of the document consists of four main clauses: the first two clauses address the
security test objectives, techniques and methods to be considered for MQTT. Concrete practical hints and samples and
configuration notes are provided where feasible. The latter two clauses focus on the security mechanisms and
implementation notes mentioned in the MQTT protocol standard and security vulnerabilities known from relevant
vulnerability databases. Concrete test purposes have been described using the Test Description Language (TDL)
standardized by ETSI.

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6 ETSI TS 103 597-2 V1.1.1 (2021-04)
1 Scope
The present document provides general security considerations and guidelines about the Message Queuing Telemetry
Transport (MQTT) protocol. The collective ideas presented in the present document are enriched with example Test
Purposes (TPs) to outline possible implementations.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] OASIS Standard: "MQTT Version 3.1.1".
[2] ETSI TS 103 597-1: "Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS); Test Specification for
MQTT; Part 1: Conformance Tests".
[3] ETSI ES 203 119-4: "Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS); The Test Description
Language (TDL); Part 4: Structured Test Objective Specification (Extension)".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Eclipse IoT-Testware v.0.1.0.
NOTE: Available at https://projects.eclipse.org/projects/technology.iottestware.
[i.2] ETSI ES 202 951: "Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS); Model-Based Testing (MBT);
Requirements for Modelling Notations".
[i.3] ETSI TS 103 646: "Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS); Test specification for
foundational Security IoT-Profile".
[i.4] IEC 62443-4-2: "Security for industrial automation and control systems. Technical security
requirements for IACS components".
[i.5] CVE-2019-5432.
NOTE: Available at https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2019-5432.
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7 ETSI TS 103 597-2 V1.1.1 (2021-04)
[i.6] CVE-2018-12543.
NOTE: Available at https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2018-12543.
[i.7] CVE-2019-11779.
NOTE: Available at https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2019-11779.
[i.8] ETSI TR 101 583: "Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS); Security Testing; Basic
Terminology".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms apply:
black-box testing: testing activity conducted without knowledge of the internal structure of the system under test
grey-box testing: testing activity conducted with a partial knowledge of the internal structure of a system under test
system under test: real open system in which the implementation under test resides
NOTE: See ETSI ES 202 951 [i.2].
white-box testing: testing based on an analysis of the internal structure of the component or system under test
3.2 Symbols
Void.
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
CVE Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures
DoS Denial of Service
IUT Implementation Under Test
JSON JavaScript Object Notation
MITM Man-in-the-Middle
MQTT MQ Telemetry Transport
SQL Structured Query Language
SUT System Under Test
TDL Test Description Language
TDL-TO Test Description Language - Test Objectives
TLS Transport Layer Security
TSS Test Suite Structure
UTF UCS Transformation Formats
XOR Exclusive OR
4 Security Test Objectives
When talking about se
...