ETSI TR 101 506 V2.1.1 (2016-07)

ETSI TR 101 506 V2.1.1 (2016-07)






TECHNICAL REPORT
Fixed Radio Systems;
Generic definitions, terminology and applicability
of essential requirements covering article 3.2 of
Directive 2014/53/EU to Fixed Radio Systems

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2 ETSI TR 101 506 V2.1.1 (2016-07)



Reference
RTR/ATTM-0432
Keywords
DFRS, FWA, radio, regulation
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3 ETSI TR 101 506 V2.1.1 (2016-07)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 4
Foreword . 4
Modal verbs terminology . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 References . 5
2.1 Normative references . 5
2.2 Informative references . 5
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 6
3.1 Definitions . 6
3.2 Symbols . 7
3.3 Abbreviations . 8
4 General principles . 9
5 Application of technical parameters in ETSI EG 203 336 to DFRS . 9
5.0 Introduction . 9
5.1 DFRS which do not require air interface interoperability . 9
5.2 DFRS which do require air interface interoperability . 16
5.3 DFRS Antennas . 16
5.3.1 General . 16
5.3.2 P-P antenna parameters in HS. 16
5.3.2.1 General approach . 16
5.3.2.2 P-P antenna parameters in HS . 17
5.3.3 MP antenna parameters in HS. 17
Annex A: Bibliography . 18
Annex B: Change History . 19
History . 20


ETSI

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4 ETSI TR 101 506 V2.1.1 (2016-07)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Access, Terminals, Transmission and
Multiplexing (ATTM).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.

ETSI

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5 ETSI TR 101 506 V2.1.1 (2016-07)
1 Scope
The present document, is intended for complementing the ETSI EG 203 336 [i.1] for specific guidance related to
Digital Fixed Radio Systems (DFRS) in the production of candidate harmonized standards covering Directive
2014/53/EU [i.2]. Consequently the present document should always be used in conjunction with ETSI
EG 203 336 [i.1] whenever DFRS are concerned.
NOTE: The previous versions of the present document were developed for similar purpose related to the now
superseded ETSI EG 201 399 [i.10] V2.1.1 and Directive 1999/5/EC [i.11] repealed in June 2016 by
Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2].
The present document identifies, among the generic technical parameters, relevant for the article 3.2 of the Directive,
presently quoted by ETSI EG 203 336 [i.1], those which are relevant and applicable and those that are considered not
applicable, for the various typologies of DFRS. Taking also into account the general principle of avoiding
overregulation, they are justified through specific peculiarities of the DFRS technologies employed.
Moreover it gives the cross reference from the generic terminology used in ETSI EG 203 336 [i.1] and that currently
used within the Fixed Radio technical community.
Considerations about technical parameters related to article 3.1 (health, safety and EMC) and article 3.3 (interworking
and other special requirements) of Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2] are outside the scope of the present document.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI EG 203 336: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Guide for
the selection of technical parameters for the production of Harmonised Standards covering
article 3.1(b) and article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.2] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC.
[i.3] ITU Radio Regulations.
[i.4] Recommendation ITU-R F.1191: "Necessary and occupied bandwidths and unwanted emissions of
digital fixed service systems".
[i.5] Recommendation ITU-R F.1399: "Vocabulary of terms for wireless access".
[i.6] ETSI EN 301 390: "Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to-point and Multipoint Systems; Unwanted
emissions in the spurious domain and receiver immunity limits at equipment/antenna port of
Digital Fixed Radio Systems".
[i.7] CEPT/ERC Recommendation 74-01: "Spurious Emissions".
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6 ETSI TR 101 506 V2.1.1 (2016-07)
[i.8] ETSI EN 302 217-1: "Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-to-point
equipment and antennas; Part 1: Overview, common characteristics and system-dependent
requirements".
[i.9] ETSI EN 302 217-4: "Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-to-point
equipment and antennas; Part 4: Antennas".
[i.10] ETSI EG 201 399 (V2.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
A guide to the production of Harmonized Standards for application under the R&TTE Directive".
NOTE: Version under 1999/5/EC Directive, superseded, for use under Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2], by
preliminarily version v3.1.1 and finally by ETSI EG 203 336 [i.1].
[i.11] Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio
equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their
conformity.
NOTE: Repealed by Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2].
[i.12] ETSI EN 302 326-3: "Fixed Radio Systems; Multipoint equipment and antennas; Part 3:
Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive for
Multipoint Radio Antennas".
NOTE: HS covering Directive 1999/5/EC [i.11] and not revised for covering Directive 2014/53/EU.
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
NOTE: The definitions hereby identified are generally used in the present document with the use of italic
characters (e.g. dedicated antenna).
air interface interoperability: capability of DFRS terminals from different manufacturers can be connected as
terminals of the same P-P radio link or the same P-MP cell
NOTE: It requires standardisation of the physical radio layer (e.g. modulation format, digital codings,
synchronisation procedures, etc.) and part or all of the higher network layers protocols.
backhauling network: Part of fixed network interconnecting the base stations (BS) of a mobile network,
collecting/distributing data traffic from/to those BS to/from core network access points (see notes 1 and 2).
NOTE 1: In various mobile systems standardisation organisation terminologies, specific links in the backhauling
networks can be identified with different terms (e.g. backhaul, midhaul or fronthaul) depending on the
specific structure of the mobile BSs.
NOTE 2: Various backhauling network structures are possible (e.g. links interconnected in chains, trees or rings).
dedicated antenna: Antenna specifically designed for being attached to the radio equipment (i.e. with special
mechanical fixing to the antenna port of the specific radio supplied), but can be separated from the equipment (typically
for transport purpose) using normal tools, as defined in ETSI EN 302 217-1 [i.8].
digital fixed radio systems (DFRS): Point-to-point (P-P) or Point-to-multipoint (P-MP) or Multipoint-to-multipoint
(MP-MP) radio equipment (see notes 1 and 2), which may be used in fixed locations as part of public or private
networks in the core, backhauling or access segments.
NOTE 1: It is equivalent to the ITU-R definition of Fixed Wireless Systems (FWS) and comprises Fixed Wireless
Access (FWA) systems and, in specific cases, their optional extension to Nomadic Wireless Access
(NWA) (see note 3).
NOTE 2: The two latter generically identified as Multipoint (MP) systems.
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7 ETSI TR 101 506 V2.1.1 (2016-07)
NOTE 3: NWA systems are defined in Recommendation ITU-R F.1399 [i.5] as "Wireless access application in
which the location of the end-user termination may be in different places but it must be stationary while
in use".
essential parameter: radio frequency characteristic related to the essential requirements under article 3.2 of Directive
2014/53/EU [i.2] capable of being expressed in terms of quantifiable technical parameters
harmonized radio frequency band: commonly referred as a portion of the frequency spectrum that CEPT/ECC and/or
European Commission allocates to a specific service through CEPT/ECC and/or European Commission Decision
NOTE: It should be noted that, presently, no radio frequency band allocation to Fixed Service is harmonized.
integral (integrated) antenna: From ETSI EN 302 217-1 [i.8]: "antenna which is declared as part of the radio
equipment by the manufacturer; it is not physically separable from the equipment, unless it is returned to the
manufacturer premises".
mixed-mode system: From ETSI EN 302 217-1 [i.8]: "system having the capability for stations to operate, according
network and operator needs (e.g. according propagation variations), on different modulation orders and/or different
error correction coding, switching dynamically between them within the same assigned radio frequency channel,
adapting the system capacity accordingly (multirate operation)".
out-of-band (OOB) domain: From Radio Regulations [i.3] art. 1.146A: "The frequency range, immediately outside the
necessary bandwidth but excluding the spurious domain, in which out-of-band emissions generally predominate. Out-
of-band emissions, defined based on their source, occur in the out-of-band domain and, to a lesser extent, in the
spurious domain. Spurious emissions likewise may occur in the out-of-band domain as well as in the spurious domain.
radio equipment: From Article 2 of Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2]: "radio equipment means an electrical or electronic
product, which intentionally emits and/or receives radio waves for the purpose of radio communication and/or
radiodetermination, or an electrical or electronic product which must be completed with an accessory, such as antenna,
so as to intentionally emit and/or receive radio waves for the purpose of radio communication and/or
radiodetermination".
reference mode (reference spectral efficiency class and channel separation): From ETSI EN 302 217-1 [i.8]: "in
mixed-mode systems, it identifies the operative mode which characteristics (i.e. system capacity, spectral efficiency
class over a given channel separation) are used (i.e. declared in the licensing process) in the link per link coordination
analysis (see note)".
NOTE: It provides the reference availability objective commonly used for the whole network (i.e. the typical
99,99 % or any other generally used by the administration concerned for the frequency coordination of
licensed P-P links). When also bandwidth adaptive operation is active, the reference mode is always
related to the widest channel separation used.
spurious domain: From Radio Regulations [i.3] art. 1.146B: "The frequency range beyond the out-of-band domain in
which spurious emissions generally predominate".
stand-alone antenna: From ETSI EN 302 217-1 [i.8]: "antenna designed independently from the fixed radio
equipment, by the same or a different manufacturer and connected to the radio equipment in the field through standard
cables or waveguide".
unwanted emissions: From Radio Regulations [i.3] art. 1.146: "Consist of spurious emissions and out-of-band
emissions".
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
dBi deciBels relative to isotropic radiator
GHz GigaHertz
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8 ETSI TR 101 506 V2.1.1 (2016-07)
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ACM Adaptive Code and Modulation
ATPC Automatic Transmission Power Control
BER Bit Error Ratio
CEPT Conférence Européenne des administrations des Postes et des Télécommunications
(European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications administrations)
CW Continuous Wave
DFRS Digital Fixed Radio Systems
EC European Community
ECC European Communication Committee.
EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiation Power
ERC European Radiocommunication Committee
NOTE: Now renamed ECC.
EU European Union
FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access
FH Frequency Hopping
FWA Fixed Wireless Access
FWS Fixed Wireless Systems
GSM Global System Mobile
HDFS High Density applications in the Fixed Service
NOTE: These are some FS bands in the range 31,8 GHz to 66 GHz subject to footnote 5.547 in Radio
Regulations [i.3].
HS Harmonised Standard
MP MultiPoint
NOTE: Term including both P-MP and MP-MP.
MP-MP MultiPoint-to-MultiPoint
NWA Nomadic Wireless Access
OOB Out-Of-Band
P-MP Point-to-MultiPoint
P-P Point-to-Point
QoS Quality of Service
R&TTE Radio equipment and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment and the mutual recognition of
their conformity
RFC Remote Frequency Control
RPE Radiation Pattern Envelope
RSL Received Signal Level
RTPC Remote Transmit Power Control
TCAM Telecommunication Conformity Assessment and Market surveillance committee
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
TPC Transmission Power Control
WG TM4 Working group TM4 of ETSI Technical Committee Access, Terminals, Transmission and
Multiplexing (TC ATTM)
XPD X(cross) Polar Discrimination
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9 ETSI TR 101 506 V2.1.1 (2016-07)
4 General principles
The objective of a harmonized standard covering Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2] for DFRS is to define clear and
unambiguous provisions for fulfilling the essential requirements referred in that Directive, which are applicable to the
system concerned.
To aid the ETSI Technical Bodies in the production of candidate harmonized standards, ETSI produced the ETSI
EG 203 336 [i.1] that expands the general concepts of essential requirements into a more detailed subdivision and gives
guidance for identifying the technical parameters relevant to the essential requirement under consideration.
However, particularly in the parts that refer to article 3.2 "… effectively uses and supports the efficient use of radio
spectrum …" of the Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2], ETSI EG 203 336 [i.1] uses terminology and concepts that, when
applied to a specific family of radio systems such as the Fixed Radio, proves to be still too generic; therefore further
guidance, more technically based on the technology and terminology used by the relevant technical community, is
reported in the present document. Therefore the present document should always be used in conjunction with the
ETSI EG 203 336 [i.1] whenever Fixed Digital Radio Systems (DFRS) are concerned.
Whenever a technical parameter mentioned in ETSI EG 203 336 [i.1] is partially or not applicable for DFRS, technical
justifications is also given.
5 Application of technical parameters in
ETSI EG 203 336 to DFRS
5.0 Introduction
The content of the present document follows the guidance structure of ETSI EG 203 336 [i.1], clause 5. For each
technical parameter considerations are given on the applicability, DFRS based requirement identification (terminology)
and other useful background is given.
5.1 DFRS which do not require air interface interoperability
From the guidance given by the ETSI EG 203 336 [i.1], a more detailed applicability to DFRS of transmitter, receiver
and other parameters related to essential requirements may be derived as shown in table 1.
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10 ETSI TR 101 506 V2.1.1 (2016-07)
Table 1: Essential requirements and parameters relevant to DFRS which do not require air interface interoperability;
related background and terminology for parameters reported in ETSI EG 203 336 [i.1]
Essential Technical Relevance as standardized parameter Alternative Essential
Requirement parameters for DFRS WG TM4 parameter
(clause in ETSI requirements Y=yes
EG 203 336 [i.1]) terminology N=no
and notes
3.2 (A) 5.2.2) Power Transmitter power have different impact on the use of the spectrum depending on the regulatory A1) Maximum power Y
(transmitting) limits regime in the operating band (e.g. link-by-link licensing, block assignment, light licensing or license and EIRP
exempt) and type of DFRS systems permitted (e.g. P-P and/or P-MP).  NOTE 0:
and According to these distinctions different approaches to the relevant technical parameters should be A2) Combined output Requirements A1)
adopted: power and EIRP limits and B) in all cases.
(B) 5.2.3) Power 1) LINK-BY-LINK LICENSED BANDS:
accuracy • Requirement: From Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2] assessment point of view, harmonised B) Nominal transmitter Additional
output power and requirement A2)
standards define only the maximum output power, in terms of either EIRP or power density
tolerance only in bands where
(usually that in art. 21 or some footnote of Radio Regulation [i.3]).
link by link planning
• Rationale: In practice a radio system, within those limits, may be designed in order to
is not the unique
transmit, with suitable power setting methods, the appropriate transmission power to fulfil the
licensing method
performance, availability and interference requirements for which it is designed. In actual links
deployment, the link-by-link planning process would define the actual power needed for that
specific link (in terms of nominal EIRP) for fulfil the required QoS and maintain the planned
interference levels to nearby links. Therefore from the essential requirements point of view,
relevant is the power tolerance on the nominal activation (licensed) value (including ATPC
effects), within Remote and/or Automatic Transmit Power Control (RTPC/ATPC) ranges, if
any, to guarantee stable frequency co-ordination.
2) BLOCK ASSIGNMENT:
• Requirement: From Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2] assessment point of view, equipment
operating in this regulatory regime is not different from the previous case.
• Rationale: It should be noted that, in most cases, the block assignment, for P-P, is used in
some countries as alternative to link by link licensing, while for P-MP is the most common
method. In this case there is no link-by-link power limitation, which will eventually be decided
by the block owner itself; however, the block usage rules may define maximum in-block and
out-of-block (e.g. BEM) power limitations; these are not intended "technical requirements" for
Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2] assessment, but "licensing conditions".
3) LICENSE EXEMPT OR LIGHT LICENSING:
• Requirement: From Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2] assessment point of view, harmonised
standards define the maximum output power, in terms of either EIRP or power density
generally defined by the applicable regulatory instruments (European Commission Decision
and/or ECC Decision or ECC Recommendations). Moreover, ETSI WG TM4 may define
additional limitations (e.g. in terms of power and antenna directivity) necessary for improving,
in average, the efficient use of the band in dense network deployment.
• Rationale: These band access methods are typically used in some specific bands.
• In general, those bands are regulated through European Commission Decisions and/or ECC
Decisions or ECC Recommendations, which give emission limits and other requirements for
accessing the band; no specific coordination is applied among different users.
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11 ETSI TR 101 506 V2.1.1 (2016-07)
Essential Technical Relevance as standardized parameter Alternative Essential
Requirement parameters for DFRS WG TM4 parameter
(clause in ETSI requirements Y=yes
EG 203 336 [i.1]) terminology N=no
and notes
3.2 5.2.4) Spectrum Common practice for DFRS is to define a mask for spectral density relative to actual centre 1)Radio Frequency Y
(transmitting) mask frequency ranging up to 2,5 times of the actual radio-frequency channel separation (see note), spectrum mask,
from which adjacent channel interference may be derived in conjunction with the receiver 2) Discrete CW NOTE 1: The
sensitivity to like-interference. components exceeding spectrum mask for
the spectrum mask DFRS is extended
Spectrum mask is the main tool to control interference to other like systems operating in adjacent limit over the whole OOB
channels as well as, when deployed close to the band boundary, to other systems in adjacent 3) Transmit power and domain; therefore, it
bands. For this reason also other factors possibly affecting the interfering potential should be frequency control is alternative to
considered as follows: (RTPC/ ATPC and limits of unwanted
• interfering power from discrete spectral lines additional to the integrated density power of RFC) emissions in the
OOB domain.
the mask;
NOTE 2: In cases
• potential impact on spectrum mask due to automatic controls on the output frequency and
where channel
power.
separation is not
defined, the
Occupied
Bandwidth (defined
for FS systems in
Recommendation IT
U-R F.1191 [i.4]) is
used as CS
alternative.
Adjacent allocated band(s) emission limitations. Emissions limitations Y
In bands where no specific channel arrangements are defined, or guards bands at the band edges outside the allocated NOTE: When the
are not provided or are of very limited size; wide band emissions at the band edge might generate band need is identified.
sensible unwanted emission spill-over into adjacent bands; it should be suitable limited.
In some cases, European Commission Decisions or ECC Decisions or Recommendations directly
provide limits of all unwanted emissions (either in OOB domain only or also in the spurious
domain) that falls in adjacent bands for the protection of particularly sensitive systems with primary
allocation in that adjacent band.
These limits are also considered relevant from Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2] point of view.
3.2 5.2.5) Frequency Frequency deviation from the nominal assigned/selected channel centre frequency. Radio frequency Y
(transmitting) stability tolerance
ETSI

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12 ETSI TR 101 506 V2.1.1 (2016-07)
Essential Technical Relevance as standardized parameter Alternative Essential
Requirement parameters for DFRS WG TM4 parameter
(clause in ETSI requirements Y=yes
EG 203 336 [i.1]) terminology N=no
and notes
3.2 5.2.6) Inter- DFRS commonly use non-reciprocal passive circuits (e.g. isolators) at transmitter output for To be defined Y
(transmitting) modulation guaranteeing the required return loss and for preventing intermodulation phenomena on the final whenever necessary (active antennas
attenuation active power devices of transmitter. The output power of DFRS is commonly rather low, therefore only)
also any intermodulation pro
...