ETSI TS 132 240 V15.5.0 (2020-01)

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) (GSM);
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS);
LTE;
Telecommunication management;
Charging management;
Charging architecture and principles
(3GPP TS 32.240 version 15.5.0 Release 15)

3GPP TS 32.240 version 15.5.0 Release 15 1 ETSI TS 132 240 V15.5.0 (2020-01)

Reference
RTS/TSGS-0532240vf50
Keywords
GSM,LTE,UMTS
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00  Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

Important notice
The present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org/standards-search
The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or
print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any
existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the prevailing version of an ETSI
deliverable is the one made publicly available in PDF format at www.etsi.org/deliver.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
https://portal.etsi.org/TB/ETSIDeliverableStatus.aspx
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
https://portal.etsi.org/People/CommiteeSupportStaff.aspx
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying
and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI.
The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© ETSI 2020.
All rights reserved.
DECT™, PLUGTESTS™, UMTS™ and the ETSI logo are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members.

3GPP™ and LTE™ are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and
of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
oneM2M™ logo is a trademark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and
of the oneM2M Partners. ®
GSM and the GSM logo are trademarks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI
3GPP TS 32.240 version 15.5.0 Release 15 2 ETSI TS 132 240 V15.5.0 (2020-01)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Legal Notice
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
The present document may refer to technical specifications or reports using their 3GPP identities. These shall be
interpreted as being references to the corresponding ETSI deliverables.
The cross reference between 3GPP and ETSI identities can be found under http://webapp.etsi.org/key/queryform.asp.
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
ETSI
3GPP TS 32.240 version 15.5.0 Release 15 3 ETSI TS 132 240 V15.5.0 (2020-01)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 2
Legal Notice . 2
Modal verbs terminology . 2
Foreword . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 9
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 12
3.1 Definitions . 12
3.2 Symbols . 14
3.3 Abbreviations . 15
4 Common charging architecture and framework . 18
4.0 Introduction . 18
4.1 Charging mechanisms . 19
4.1.0 General . 19
4.1.1 Offline charging . 19
4.1.2 Online charging . 19
4.1.3 Converged charging . 19
4.2 High level common architecture . 20
4.2.1 General . 20
4.2.2 Common architecture – reference points . 20
4.2.3 Common architecture – service based interface. 22
4.3 Charging functions . 23
4.3.1 Offline charging functions . 23
4.3.1.0 General . 23
4.3.1.1 Charging Trigger Function . 23
4.3.1.2 Charging Data Function . 25
4.3.1.3 Charging Gateway Function. 25
4.3.1.4 Offline Charging System . 25
4.3.2 Online charging functions . 26
4.3.2.0 General . 26
4.3.2.1 Charging Trigger Function . 26
4.3.2.2 Online Charging System . 27
4.3.2.2.0 General . 27
4.3.2.2.1 Online Charging Function . 27
4.3.2.2.2 S-CSCF online charging / IMS Gateway Function . 27
4.3.2.2.3 Rating Function . 27
4.3.2.2.4 Account Balance Management Function . 28
4.3.2.3 CDR generation for online charged subscribers . 28
4.3.3 Converged charging functions . 28
4.3.3.0 General . 28
4.3.3.1 Charging Trigger Function (CTF) . 28
4.3.3.2 Converged charging system . 29
4.4 Reference points . 30
4.4.1 Offline charging reference points . 30
4.4.1.1 Rf. 30
4.4.1.2 Gz . 30
4.4.1.3 Ga . 30
4.4.1.4 Bx . 30
4.4.1.5 Void. 31
4.4.1.6 Gzn . 31
4.4.2 Online charging reference points . 31
4.4.2.1 Ro . 31
4.4.2.2 CAP . 31
4.4.2.3 Gy . 31
ETSI
3GPP TS 32.240 version 15.5.0 Release 15 4 ETSI TS 132 240 V15.5.0 (2020-01)
4.4.2.4 Re . 32
4.4.2.5 Rc . 32
4.4.2.6 Void. 32
4.4.2.7 Gyn . 32
4.5 Architecture mapping . 32
4.5.0 General . 32
4.5.1 Offline mapping . 32
4.5.2 Online mapping . 34
4.6 Service based interface . 34
4.6.1 Nchf . 34
5 Charging principles . 35
5.0 . General
.......................................................................................................................................................................... 35
5.1 Charging data generation and quota supervision . 35
5.2 Charging data transfer . 37
5.2.0 General . 37
5.2.1 Charging data transfer in offline charging . 37
5.2.1.0 General . 37
5.2.1.1 Transfer of charging events via Rf . 38
5.2.1.2 Transfer of CDRs via Ga . 38
5.2.1.3 Transfer of CDR files via Bx . 39
5.2.2 Charging data transfer in online charging . 40
5.3 Charging levels and correlation . 42
5.3.1 Bearer level charging . 42
5.3.1.1 Bearer charging based on bearer / tele- / supplementary service . 42
5.3.1.2 Flow based bearer charging. 42
5.3.2 Subsystem level charging . 42
5.3.3 Service level charging . 42
5.3.4 Charging data correlation . 42
5.3.4.0 General . 42
5.3.4.1 Intra-level correlation . 43
5.3.4.2 Inter-level correlation . 43
5.3.4.3 Inter-network correlation . 43
5.3.4.4 Determination of completeness of charging information in IMS . 45
5.3.4.4.1 General . 45
5.3.4.4.2 Tracking of IMS NEs generating charging information . 45
5.3.4.4.3 Tracking of applications generating charging information . 45
5.4 Charging data configuration . 45
5.5 Charging information utilisation . 47
5.5.0 Introduction. 47
5.5.1 Subscriber charging . 47
5.5.1.0 General . 47
5.5.1.1 Calling party charging . 48
5.5.1.2 Alternate party charging for IMS . 48
5.5.2 Credit-Control and balance management . 48
5.5.2.1 Use of credit pooling . 48
5.5.3 Inter-operator settlement of Charges . 48
5.5.3.1 Inter-PLMN accounting . 48
5.5.3.2 'Visitors' from other PLMNs . 48
5.5.3.4 'Home' subscribers roaming in other PLMNs . 49
5.5.3.5 Fixed network operators and other service providers . 49
5.5.3.6 IMS Interconnection. 49
5.5.3.7 Charging Principles for Roaming Architecture for Voice over IMS with Local Breakout . 49
5.5.3.8 Charging Principles for roaming architecture for voice over IMS with home routed traffic . 50
5.5.4 Advice of Charge . 50
Annex A (informative): Bibliography . 51
Annex B (normative): Single IMSI architecture for EU Roaming . 52
B.0 General . 52
ETSI
3GPP TS 32.240 version 15.5.0 Release 15 5 ETSI TS 132 240 V15.5.0 (2020-01)
B.1 Voice Control . 52
Annex C (normative): Fixed Broadband Access . 53
C.1 General . 53
C.2 References . 53
C.3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 53
C.4 Common charging architecture and framework . 53
C.4.1 Charging mechanisms . 53
C.4.2 High level common architecture . 53
C.4.3 Charging functions . 54
C.4.4 Reference points . 54
C.4.4.1 Offline charging reference points . 54
C.4.4.1.1 Gz . 54
C.4.4.1.2 Gzn . 54
C.4.4.2 Online charging reference points . 54
C.4.4.2.1 Gy . 54
C.4.4.2.2 Gyn . 55
Annex D (normative): Distributed Charging Trigger Function . 56
D.1 General . 56
D.2 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 56
D.2.1 Definitions . 56
D.2.2 Symbols . 56
D.2.3 Abbreviations . 56
D.3 Common charging architecture and framework . 56
D.3.1 Charging mechanisms . 56
D.3.2 High level common architecture . 56
D.4.3 Charging functions . 57
D.4.3.1 Offline charging functions . 57
D.4.3.1.1 Charging Trigger Function . 57
D.4.3.2 Online charging functions . 57
D.4.4 Reference points . 57
D.4.4.1 Offline charging reference points . 57
D.4.4.1.1 Xch . 57
D.4.4.2 Online charging reference points . 57
Annex E (Informative): High level overall charging architecture. . 58
E.1 General . 58
E.2 Common charging architecture and framework . 58
E.2.1 High level common architecture . 58
Annex F (informative): Change history . 59
History . 62

ETSI
3GPP TS 32.240 version 15.5.0 Release 15 6 ETSI TS 132 240 V15.5.0 (2020-01)
Foreword
rd
This Technical Specification has been produced by the 3 Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
The contents of the present document are subject to continuing work within the TSG and may change following formal
TSG approval. Should the TSG modify the contents of the present document, it will be re-released by the TSG with an
identifying change of release date and an increase in version number as follows:
Version x.y.z
where:
x the first digit:
1 presented to TSG for information;
2 presented to TSG for approval;
3 or greater indicates TSG approved document under change control.
y the second digit is incremented for all changes of substance, i.e. technical enhancements, corrections,
updates, etc.
z the third digit is incremented when editorial only changes have been incorporated in the document.
ETSI
3GPP TS 32.240 version 15.5.0 Release 15 7 ETSI TS 132 240 V15.5.0 (2020-01)
1 Scope
The present document is part of a series of documents that specify charging functionality and charging management in
3GPP networks/systems. The 3GPP core network charging architecture and principles are specified in the present
document, which thus provides an umbrella for other charging management TSs that specify:
- the content of the CDRs per domain / subsystem /service (offline charging);
- the content of real-time charging events per domain / subsystem /service (online charging);
- the functionality of online and offline charging for those domains / subsystems / services;
- the interfaces that are used in the charging framework to transfer the charging information (i.e. CDRs or
charging events).
The purposes of the present document are:
- to lay down common principles of charging in the network; and
- to specify a logical common charging architecture that applies to all 3GPP domains, subsystems and services.
A set of domain/subsystem/service specific TSs covers the domains (CS, PS, 5GS), subsystem (IMS) and service
(MMS, LCS, PoC, MBMS, SMS, MMTel etc.) levels, respectively, in the TS 32.25x, TS 32.26x and TS 32.27x TS
number ranges. These TSs describe the mapping of the common architecture specified in the present document onto the
specific domain/subsystem/service and the scenarios and information for online and offline charging that are specific to
the domain/subsystem/service. They are commonly referred to as the middle tier charging TSs.
A set of TSs in the TS 32.28x range covers common services, such as the Advice of Charge service.
A set of TSs in the TS 32.29x range covers common aspects, such as CDR parameter and syntax descriptions, online
and offline charging applications, and the charging interactions within the network (CDR transfer) as well as between
the network and the Billing Domain (CDR file transfer).
The complete document structure for these TSs is outlined in the following figure 1.1:
ETSI
3GPP TS 32.240 version 15.5.0 Release 15 8 ETSI TS 132 240 V15.5.0 (2020-01)

32.240
Ch arg in g A rch ite ctu re an d Prin cip le s
32 .2 50 3 2.251 32.25 3 32.254 32 .2 55 32 .2 60
CS- d o m a in PS- d om a in CP d a ta Exp osure fct 5G D a ta
IM Sub syste m
Ch a r g in g Ch a r g in g tra n sfe r North . A PI co n n e ctiv ity Ch a r g in g
Cha rging Ch a rg in g ch a r g in g
32 .2 70 32.27 1 32.27 2 32.273 32 .2 74 32.27 5
MM S LCS PoC MBM S SM S MM Tel
Ch a r g in g Ch a rg in g Cha rging Ch a rg in g Ch a r g in g Ch a r g in g
32 .2 76 32.278
32.2 77
VCS M onitoring
ProSe
Ch a r g in g Ev e n t
Ch a r g in g
Ch a rg in g
32.280 32 .2 81
Ad vice of Announcem e n t
Ch a rg e se r vice
(A oC) se rvice
32.290 32.2 91 32.29 3 32 .2 96
Se rvice s, op & p ro c. 5 G syste m ; Proxy OCS
ch a rgin g u sin g SBI Ch a rg in g se rvice Fu n ctio n a pplica tions
an d in te rface s
32.295 3 2.297
32 .2 98 32.29 9
Ch a rg in g Ch a rg in g D a ta
Ch a rg in g D a ta D ia m eter
Da ta Re cord Re cord (CD R) file
Re cord (CD R) Cha rging
(CD R) form at an d
p a ra m eter A pplica tio n
tra n sfe r
de scription
Figure 1.1: Charging specifications structure
In addition to GSM/UMTS and EPS core network charging architecture and principles, this document encompasses
charging architecture and principles for the convergent scenario (i.e. both the Fixed Broadband Access network and
Evolved Packet Core (EPC) owned by a single operator), which is specified in annex C.
All terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the present document, that are common across 3GPP TSs, are defined in
the 3GPP Vocabulary, TR 21.905 [100]. Those that are common across charging management in 3GPP network
domains, services or subsystems are provided in the present document (umbrella TS), and are copied into clause 3 of the
other TSs depicted in the figure 1.1, for ease of reading. Finally, those items that are specific to the present document
are defined exclusively in the present document.
Furthermore, requirements that govern the charging work are specified in TS 22.115 [101].
ETSI
3GPP TS 32.240 version 15.5.0 Release 15 9 ETSI TS 132 240 V15.5.0 (2020-01)
2 References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present
document.
- References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or
non-specific.
- For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
- For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. In the case of a reference to a 3GPP document (including
a GSM document), a non-specific reference implicitly refers to the latest version of that document in the same
Release as the present document.
[1] - [9] Void.
[10] 3GPP TS 32.250: "Telecommunication management; Charging management; Circuit Switched
(CS) domain charging".
[11] 3GPP TS 32.251: "Telecommunication management; Charging management; Packet Switched
(PS) domain charging".
[12]  Void.
[13] 3GPP TS 32.253: "Telecommunication management; Charging management; Control Plane (CP)
data transfer domain charging".
[14] 3GPP TS 32.254: "Telecommunication management; Charging management; Exposure function
Northbound Application Program Interfaces (APIs) charging".
[15] 3GPP TS 32.255: "Telecommunication management; Charging management; 5G Data
connectivity domain charging; stage 2".
[16] - [19] Void.
[20] 3GPP TS 32.260: "Telecommunication management; Charging management; IP Multimedia
Subsystem (IMS) charging".
[21] - [29] Void.
[30] 3GPP TS 32.270: "Telecommunication management; Charging management; Multimedia
Messaging Service (MMS) charging".
[31] 3GPP TS 32.271: "Telecommunication management; Charging management; Location Services
(LCS) charging".
[32] 3GPP TS 32.272: "Telecommunication management; Charging management; Push-to-talk over
Cellular (PoC) charging".
[33] 3GPP TS 32.273: "Telecommunication management; Charging management; Multimedia
Broadcast and Multicast Service (MBMS) charging".
[34] 3GPP TS 32.274: "Telecommunication management; Charging management; Short Message
Service (SMS) charging".
[35] 3GPP TS 32.275: "Telecommunication management; Charging management; MultiMedia
Telephony (MMTel) charging".
[36] 3GPP TS 32.276: "Telecommunication management; Charging management; Voice Call Service
Charging".
[37] 3GPP TS 32.277: "Telecommunication management; Charging management; Proximity-based
Services (ProSe) Charging".
ETSI
3GPP TS 32.240 version 15.5.0 Release 15 10 ETSI TS 132 240 V15.5.0 (2020-01)
[38] 3GPP TS 32.278: "Telecommunication management; Charging management; Monitoring Event
charging".
[39] Void.
[40] 3GPP TS 32.280: "Telecommunication management; Charging management; Advice of Charge
(AoC) service".
[41] 3GPP TS 32.281: "Telecommunication management; Charging management; Announcement
service".
[42] - [49] Void.
[50] 3GPP TS 32.299: "Telecommunication management; Charging management; Diameter charging
application".
[51] 3GPP TS 32.298: "Telecommunication management; Charging management; Charging Data
Record (CDR) parameter description".
[52] 3GPP TS 32.297: "Telecommunication management; Charging management; Charging Data
Record (CDR) file format and transfer".
[53] 3GPP TS 32.296: "Telecommunication management; Charging management; Online Charging
System (OCS) applications and interfaces".
[54] 3GPP TS 32.295: "Telecommunication management; Charging management; Charging Data
Record (CDR) transfer".
[55] Void.
[56] 3GPP TS 32.293: "Telecommunication management; Charging management; Proxy Function".
[57] 3GPP TS 32.290: "Telecommunication management; Charging management; 5G system; Services,
operations and procedures of charging using Service Based Interface (SBI)".
[58] 3GPP TS 32.291: "Telecommunication management; Charging management; 5G system; Charging
service, stage 3".
[59] - [99] Void.
[100] 3GPP TR 21.905: "Vocabulary for 3GPP Specifications".
[101] 3GPP TS 22.115: "Service aspects; Charging and billing".
[102] - [199] Void.
[200] - [206] Void.
[207] 3GPP TS 23.078: "Customized Applications for Mobile network Enhanced Logic (CAMEL);
Stage 2".
[208] 3GPP TS 23.203: "Policy and charging control architecture".
[209] 3GPP TS 23.228: "IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS); Stage 2".
[210] Void.
[211] 3GPP TS 24.229: "Internet Protocol (IP) multimedia call control protocol based on Session
Initiation Protocol (SIP) and Session Description Protocol (SDP); Stage 3".
[212] 3GPP TS 23.272: "Circuit Switched (CS) fallback in Evolved Packet System (EPS); Stage 2".
[213] 3GPP TS 24.002: "GSM - UMTS Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) access reference
configuration".
[214] 3GPP TS 23.502:"Procedures for the 5G System".
ETSI
3GPP TS 32.240 version 15.5.0 Release 15 11 ETSI TS 132 240 V15.5.0 (2020-01)
[215] - [297] Void.
[298] EU Roaming regulation III; "Structural Solutions; High Level Technical Specifications".
[299] EU Roaming regulation III; "Interface & Protocol; Detailed Technical Specifications".
[300] ITU-T Recommendation D.93: "Charging and accounting in the international land mobile
telephone service (provided via cellular radio systems)".
[301] - [399] Void.
[400] - [401] Void.
[402] IETF RFC 4006 (2005): "Diameter Credit-Control Application".
[403] - [499] Void.
[500] GSMA PRD BA.27: "Charging Principles".
ETSI
3GPP TS 32.240 version 15.5.0 Release 15 12 ETSI TS 132 240 V15.5.0 (2020-01)
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions defined in TR 21.905 [100] and the following
apply:
2G- / 3G-: prefixes 2G- and 3G- refer to functionality that supports only GSM or UMTS, respectively, e.g. 2G-SGSN
refers only to the GSM functionality of an SGSN.
accounting: process of apportioning charges between the Home Environment, Serving Network and Subscriber.
accounting meter record: record containing one or more counters employed to register the usage of resources en
masse. Includes simple event counters and/ or cumulative call second counters.
Advice of Charge (AoC): real-time display of the network utilization charges incurred by the Mobile Station
The charges are displayed in the form of charging units. If a unit price is stored by the MS then the display may also
include the equivalent charge in the home currency.
AoC service: combination of one or more services, both basic and supplementary, together with a number of other
charging relevant parameters to define a customized service for the purpose of advice of charge.
Application Based Charging (ABC): ability to perform charging on an application basis for network usage based upon
application detection.
billing: function whereby CDRs generated by the charging function(s) are transformed into bills requiring payment.
Billing Domain: part of the operator network, which is outside the core network, which receives and processes CDR
files from the core network charging functions. It includes functions that can provide billing mediation and billing or
other (e.g. statistical) end applications. It is only applicable to offline charging (see "Online Charging System" for
equivalent functionality in online charging).
CAMEL: network feature that provides the mechanisms to support operator specific services even when roaming
outside HPLMN.
CAMEL subscription information: identifies a subscriber as having CAMEL services.
chargeable event: activity utilizing telecommunications network resources and related services for:
- user to user communication (e.g. a single call, a data communication session or a short message); or
- user to network communication (e.g. service profile administration); or
- inter-network communication (e.g. transferring calls, signalling, short messages, interconnection); or
- mobility (e.g. roaming or inter-system handover); or
- user to application/service communication ; and
- that the network operator may want to charge for.
As a minimum, a chargeable event characterises the resource / service usage and indicates the identity of the
involved end user(s).
charged party: user involved in a chargeable event that has to pay parts or the whole charges of the chargeable event,
or a third party paying the charges caused by one or all users involved in the chargeable event, or a network operator.
charging: function within the telecommunications network and the associated OCS/BD components whereby
information related to a chargeable event is collected, formatted, transferred and evaluated in order to make it possible
to determine usage for which the charged party may be billed (offline charging) or the subscriber’s account balance may
be debited (online charging).
Charging Data Record (CDR): formatted collection of information about a chargeable event (e.g. time of call set-up,
duration of the call, amount of data transferred, etc) for use in billing and accounting. For each party to be charged for
parts of or all charges of a chargeable event a separate CDR is generated, i.e. more than one CDR may be generated for
a single chargeable event, e.g. because of its long duration, or because more than one charged party is to be charged.
ETSI
3GPP TS 32.240 version 15.5.0 Release 15 13 ETSI TS 132 240 V15.5.0 (2020-01)
charging event: set of charging information forwarded by the CTF towards the CDF (offline charging) or towards the
OCS (online charging). Each charging event matches exactly one chargeable event.
circuit switched domain: domain within GSM / UMTS in which information is transferred in circuit switched mode.
Credit-Control: mechanism which directly interacts in real-time with an account and controls or monitors the charges,
related to the service usage. Credit-Control is a process of: checking if credit is available, credit reservation, deduction
of credit from the end user account when service is completed and refunding of reserved credit not used.
domain: part of a communication network that provides resources using a certain bearer technology.
Fully qualified Partial CDR (FQPC): partial CDR that conta
...