ETSI EN 300 751 V1.2.1 (2003-01)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2003
6LVWHPLUDGLRGLIX]LMH±3RGDWNRYQLUDGLMVNLNDQDO'$5&±6LVWHP]DEUH]åLþQR
SRGDMDQMHLQIRUPDFLMVNH]DEDYHLQGDOMLQVNRGLVWULEXFLMR
Radio broadcasting systems; DAta Radio Channel (DARC); System for wireless
infotainment forwarding and teledistribution
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 300 751 Version 1.2.1
ICS:
33.170 Televizijska in radijska Television and radio
difuzija broadcasting
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

European Standard (Telecommunications series)

Radio broadcasting systems;
DAta Radio Channel (DARC);
System for wireless infotainment forwarding
and teledistribution
European Broadcasting Union Union Européenne de Radio-Télévision
EBU·UER
2 ETSI EN 300 751 V1.2.1 (2003-01)

Reference
REN/JTC-DARC-R1
Keywords
broadcasting, FM, multimedia, radio
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00  Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

Important notice
Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org
The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or
perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF).
In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive
within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp
If you find errors in the present document, send your comment to:
editor@etsi.org
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2003.
© European Broadcasting Union 2003.
All rights reserved.
TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS and UMTS are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members.
TM
TIPHON and the TIPHON logo are Trade Marks currently being registered by ETSI for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
ETSI
3 ETSI EN 300 751 V1.2.1 (2003-01)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.6
Foreword.6
Introduction .6
1 Scope.8
2 References.8
3 Definitions and abbreviations.9
3.1 Definitions.9
3.2 Abbreviations.9
4 Multiplex requirements.10
5 Functions of the multiplexing unit .10
6 Reference model.11
7 Layers organization OSI reference model.12
7.1 Functional layers.12
7.1.1 Physical layer (Layer 1).12
7.1.2 Data link layer (Layer 2).12
7.1.3 Network layer (Layer 3) .12
7.1.4 Transport layer (Layer 4).13
7.1.5 Session layer (Layer 5) .13
7.1.6 Presentation layer (Layer 6).13
7.1.7 Application layer (Layer 7).13
7.2 Services and protocols.13
7.3 Detailed description of Layers 1 to 5.14
7.3.1 Layer 1.14
7.3.1.1 Service provided by Layer 1 .14
7.3.1.1.1 Service on the transmitter side.14
7.3.1.1.2 Modulation characteristics.14
7.3.1.1.3 Bit rate.15
7.3.1.1.4 Subcarrier amplitude.15
7.3.1.1.5 Protection ratios.16
7.3.1.2 Service on the receiver side.16
7.3.2 Layer 2.16
7.3.2.1 Service provided by Layer 2 .16
7.3.2.1.1 Service on the transmitter side.17
7.3.2.1.2 Service on the receiver side .17
7.3.2.2 Layer 2 protocol.17
7.3.2.2.1 Frame structure.17
7.3.2.3 Information Block.20
7.3.2.4 Parity Block.21
7.3.2.5 Block Identification Code (BIC).21
7.3.2.6 Scrambling.21
7.3.3 Layer 3 (Network layer) .22
7.3.3.1 Service provided by Layer 3 .22
7.3.3.1.1 Service on the transmitter side.22
7.3.3.1.2 Service on the receiver side .22
8 Multiplex organization (Layer 3 and 4).23
8.1 Principles.23
8.2 Definition of logical channel .23
8.3 Service Channel "SeCh" (SI/LCh = 8 Hex).23
8.3.1 Definition.23
8.3.2 Service Channel - Layer 3 .24
8.3.2.1 L3-Header SeCh format.24
ETSI
4 ETSI EN 300 751 V1.2.1 (2003-01)
8.3.3 Service message format .25
8.3.3.1 Channel Organization Table (COT).25
8.3.3.2 Alternative Frequency Table (AFT).26
8.3.3.3 Service Alternative Frequency Table (SAFT).27
8.3.3.4 Time, Date, Position and Network name Table (TDPNT).29
8.3.3.4.1 MJD, Modified-Julian-Date.29
8.3.3.4.2 Time reference.29
8.3.3.5 Service Name Table (SNT).31
8.3.3.6 Time and Date Table (TDT).33
8.3.3.6.1 Time Format.33
8.3.3.6.2 MJD, Modified-Julian-Date.34
8.3.3.6.3 Network Name.34
8.3.3.6.4 Position.35
8.3.3.6.5 Synchronous Channel Organization Table (SCOT) .36
8.4 Short Message Channel "SMCh" (SI/LCh = 9 Hex) .37
8.4.1 L4-Header SMCh format.37
8.4.2 L3-Header SMCh format.38
8.5 Long Message Channel "LMCh" (SI/LCh = A Hex) .38
8.5.1 L4-Header LMCh format.39
8.5.2 L3-Header LMCh format.40
8.6 Block Message Channel "BMCh" (SI/LCh = B Hex) .40
8.6.1 L3-Header BMCh format.40
8.6.2 Block Application Channel "BACh" (SI/LCh = B Hex, SCh = 0 Hex).41
8.6.2.1 L4-Header BACh format.41
8.6.2.2 L3-Header BACh format.41
8.6.3 Synchronous Frame Message (SI/LCh = B Hex, SCh = 4 Hex).42
9 Layer 5 structure.43
9.1 File, Packet and Information Protocol.43
9.1.1 Layer 5 processing.43
9.1.2 Types.44
9.1.3 L5 Packet.44
9.1.3.1 L5 Packet Header .45
9.1.3.2 Extended L5 Packet Header .45
9.1.4 File.45
9.1.4.1 File Header.46
9.1.4.2 Extended File Header.46
9.1.4.3 File TLV Structure .47
9.1.4.3.1 Example File TLV Structure .47
9.1.5 Information.47
9.1.5.1 Information TLV Structure .48
9.2 Data Group Structure over long messages .48
9.2.1 L5-Data group header LMCh format.49
9.2.1.1 Fields description of the data group minimum header .49
9.2.1.2 Description of the DGCA field .50
9.2.1.3 Fields description of the session header.50
9.2.1.3.1 User Access field.51
9.2.2 Coding of the data group type 12.51
10 Conditional Access (CA).52
10.1 Scrambling data.52
10.1.1 Introduction.52
10.1.2 Generating scrambling and descrambling sequences.53
10.1.2.1 Initialization Word (IW) .53
10.1.2.2 Phasing.53
10.1.3 Scrambling/descrambling processes.53
10.1.3.1 Conditional Access signalling configurations.53
10.1.3.2 Scrambling/Descrambling of the service in Data Groups .55
10.1.3.3 Scrambling/Descrambling of the service in the Long Message Channel .55
10.1.3.4 Scrambling/Descrambling of the service sent in SMCh.55
10.1.3.5 DAB compatibility.55
10.2 Signalling and synchronizing data.56
ETSI
5 ETSI EN 300 751 V1.2.1 (2003-01)
10.2.1 Conditional Access Identifier (CAId).56
10.2.2 Service Conditional Access (SCA).57
10.2.3 Data Group Conditional Access (DGCA).58
10.2.4 Long Message Channel Conditional Access (LMCCA and LMCCA_Ext).59
10.2.4.1 LMCCA.59
10.2.4.2 LMCCA_Extended.60
10.2.5 Short Message Channel Conditional Access (SMCCA and SMCCA_Ext).61
10.2.5.1 SMCCA.61
10.2.5.2 SMCCA_Extended.62
10.3 ECM and EMM transmission.62
10.3.1 General description.62
10.3.1.1 ECM coding.63
10.3.1.2 EMM coding.63
10.3.1.3 Command Identifier (CI) coding.64
10.3.2 Transport.65
10.3.2.1 LMCh.65
10.3.2.2 SMCh.66
10.3.2.3 Together with service data .67
11 Error correction strategy.67
11.1 Layer 2 error detection and correction .67
11.2 Error detection strategy at other layers.67
11.2.1 L3 short message header CRC.67
11.2.2 L3 long message header CRC.68
11.2.3 L4 short message header CRC.68
11.2.4 L4 long message header CRC.68
11.2.5 L5 (data group) CRC .68
12 Bit-order of transmission.69
13 Service addressing mechanism.70
13.1 Global services.70
13.2 Country wide services.70
13.3 Network specific services.71
13.4 Local services of single transmitters .71
13.5 Address allocation for global services.71
14 Quality of service .71
14.1 Useful bit-rate.71
14.2 Expected capabilities of a Conditional Access system.71
14.2.1 From the user's point of view.71
14.2.1.1 Access time of a newly connected user.71
14.2.1.2 Zapping time.72
14.2.2 From the service operator's point of view.72
14.2.2.1 Bit rate needed to broadcast Conditional Access messages .72
14.2.2.1.1 Bit rate for the ECMs .72
14.2.2.1.2 Bit rate for the EMMs.72
14.2.2.2 Maximum time for changing the access mode.73
14.2.2.3 Transcontrol.73
14.2.2.4 Length of a scrambling cycle .73
14.2.2.5 Repetition frequency.73
14.2.2.6 Hierarchical coding and scrambling.73
15 Classes of services.73
History .75

ETSI
6 ETSI EN 300 751 V1.2.1 (2003-01)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
All published ETSI deliverables shall include information which directs the reader to the above source of information.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by Joint Technical Committee (JTC)
Broadcast of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), Comité Européen de Normalisation ELECtrotechnique
(CENELEC) and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
NOTE: The EBU/ETSI JTC Broadcast was established in 1990 to co-ordinate the drafting of standards in the
specific field of broadcasting and related fields. Since 1995 the JTC Broadcast became a tripartite body
by including in the Memorandum of Understanding also CENELEC, which is responsible for the
standardization of radio and television receivers. The EBU is a professional association of broadcasting
organizations whose work includes the co-ordination of its members' activities in the technical, legal,
programme-making and programme-exchange domains. The EBU has active members in about 60
countries in the European broadcasting area; its headquarters is in Geneva.
European Broadcasting Union
CH-1218 GRAND SACONNEX (Geneva)
Switzerland
Tel: +41 22 717 21 11
Fax: +41 22 717 24 81
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 24 January 2003
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 April 2003
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 October 2003
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 October 2003

Introduction
A multiplex is necessary to optimize the use of the radio channel by sharing it between several applications. For
example, a dGPS application has some precise constraints such as real time (one message per second), size (2 kbits per
message). This application requires a continuous channel of perhaps 3 kbit/s. Assuming a DARC channel has a
minimum useful bit rate of 6 kbit/s, it would be interesting to use the remaining 3 kbit/s for another application,
newspapers broadcasting for example.
On the opposite, in a newspaper application, it is necessary to broadcast the news twice a day for example in a
maximum time (1 hour). This is a low rate service with a big amount of data and without real time. It would be
interesting to stop for some time this service if hot news have to be sent (higher service priority).
Sometimes, the network operator can offer the same application (class of application/service) to different service
providers, for example, different newspapers. It would be interesting to multiplex this newspapers on the same radio
channel in a transparent manner for the service provider point of view.
ETSI
7 ETSI EN 300 751 V1.2.1 (2003-01)
The multiplex can be made:
• in the Transmitter Station Equipment (TSE), for splitting the radio channel into logical channels using a given
mapping at a given time. The characteristic of the logical channels is a constant bit rate enabling real time
applications and/or applications requiring constant bit rate all the time;
• in the TSE, for repeating regularly or inserting some information into the multiplex. In this case, a local
priority management is required;
• on the network server, based on a priority mechanism. This enables for example the mixing of several
applications with different priorities, but not real time and on demand (news and hot news, pictures preloading
and weather information);
• on the network server, for multiplexing different processes of an application (for example, different
newspapers for the application newspapers broadcasting). This is useful if it should offer a quicker "average"
service (for example, the reading of a newspaper page by page before the complete loading).
As described above, there are different multiplexing levels/functions for different reasons. Each function is necessary
and it shall be possible to make them running together.
ETSI
8 ETSI EN 300 751 V1.2.1 (2003-01)
1 Scope
The present document establishes a broadcasting standard of a System for Wireless Infotainment Forwarding and
Teledistribution (DARC) designed for delivery of data services for mobile, portable and fixed receivers in the FM band.
The present document defines the nature and content of the transmitted DARC signal. It describes also the organization
of the multiplex for the DARC standard.
2 References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present
document.
• References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
[1] EN 62106: "Specification of the radio data system (RDS) for VHF/FM sound broadcasting in the
frequency range from 87,5 to 108,0 MHz".
[2] ETSI ETS 300 075: "Terminal Equipment (TE); Processable data; File transfer".
[3] ETSI ETS 300 174: "Network Aspects (NA); Digital coding of component television signals for
contribution quality applications in the range 34 - 45 Mbit/s".
[4] ETSI EN 300 401: "Radio Broadcasting Systems; Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) to mobile,
portable and fixed receivers".
[5] ISO 7498: "Information technology - Open systems Interconnection - Basic Reference Model".
[6] ITU-T Recommendation X.200: "Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Basic
Reference Model: The basic model".
[7] ITU-R Recommendation BS.1194: "System for multiplexing frequency modulation (FM) sound
broadcasts with a sub-carrier data channel having a relatively large transmission capacity for
stationary and mobile reception".
[8] ITU-R Recommendation BS.412: "Planning standards for terrestrial FM sound broadcasting at
VHF".
[9] RFC 1950: "ZLIB Compressed Data Format Specification version 3.3", Peter Deutsch,
Jean-Loup Gailly.
[10] RFC 1951: "DEFLATE Compressed Data Format Specification version 1.3", Peter Deutsch.
[11] Greg Roelofs, "zlib Home Page".
[12] ETSI EN 301 234: "Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB); Multimedia Object Transfer (MOT)
protocol".
ETSI
9 ETSI EN 300 751 V1.2.1 (2003-01)
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
Several carriers may be associated to one transmitter. Every carrier transports only one physical DARC channel.
This physical channel will be identified by the frequency of its carrier. It is time-divided in Layer 2 data units (frames or
blocks) continuously broadcast with the same number of Bytes in it.
One physical channel is shared between several logical channels. Four logical channels with different broadcasting
characteristics are described in the present document:
a) the service channel SeCh, especially dedicated to information about the local transmitter and multiplex
organization;
b) the short message channel SMCh, for low bit-rate or real time applications;
c) the long message channel LMCh, for files with low priority;
d) the block message channel BMCh, for block based applications.
Each logical channel carries a lot of subchannels distinguishable by an address and/or a type. Each 0 corresponds to
one service.
Services with some common broadcasting characteristics are classified in a same category, or class of services.
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ACS Access Control System
ADD ADDress
AFT Alternative Frequency Table
BACh Block Application Channel
BIC Block Identification Code
BMCh Block Message channel
BPF Band-Pass Filter
CA Conditional Access
CAId Conditional Access Identifier
COT Channel Organization Table
CW Control Word
DAB Digital Audio Broadcasting
DARC DAta Radio Channel
DGCA Data Group Conditional Access
dGPS differential Global Positioning System
ECM Entitlement Checking Message
EMM Entitlement Management Message
FIG Fast Information Groups
NOTE: See EN 300 401 [4].
FM Frequency Modulation
GPS Global Positioning System
IM Initialization Modifier
LMCCA Long Message Channel Conditional Access
LMCh Long Message Channel
LMSK Level-controlled Minimum Shift Keying
LPF Low-Pass Filter
ETSI
10 ETSI EN 300 751 V1.2.1 (2003-01)
MOT Multimedia Object Transport
NOTE: See EN 301 234 [12].
MM Messaging Mode
MSK Minimum Shift Keying
NWS NetWork Server
OSI Open Systems Interconnection
PRBS Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence
RFA Reserved for Future Addition
SAFT Service Alternative Frequency Table
SCA Service Conditional Access
SCOT Synchronous Channel Organization Table
SMCCA Short Message Channel Conditional Access
SMCh Short Message Channel
SNT Service Name Table
SPS Service Provider Server
TDPNT Time Date Position Network Table
TDT Time Date Table
TLV Type Length Value
TSE Transmitter Station Equipment
4 Multiplex requirements
The multiplex system shall cope with specific requirements. A list of these requirements is given below:
- flexible usage of a given subchannel according to the requirements of each individual service;
- an optimum management of the transmission resource by dynamic reallocation of the subchannels;
- to recover any service clock at the receiver side;
- to ensure that the impact of the demultiplexing method on the decoder price is low;
- to take into account the needs of the Conditional Access system which operates on a service basis;
- to take into account class of services based upon common broadcasting characteristics at the multiplex level;
- to inform receivers on the broadcast services and carriers configuration by offering all the information required
to easily select a service and change carrier especially when mobile and of course, without return channel;
- to keep under a defined value the access time to a selected service;
- to keep under a defined value the change time from one service to another, on the same or on a different
carrier;
- to take into account possible power/battery saving for some services;
- to take into account possible fast access for some services;
- to take into account possible interworking with DAB services.
5 Functions of the multiplexing unit
The multiplexing (demultiplexing) unit is located between the source coding (decoding) and the modulator
(demodulator). The functions of the following list take place between these two functions and define what is intended
by a multiplexing unit:
1) source coding/decoding: out of mux scope, on top of mux functions;
2) end to end scrambling and access control management: this scrambling function may apply all over the
transmission chain;
ETSI
11 ETSI EN 300 751 V1.2.1 (2003-01)
3) service multiplexing information insertion/extraction: each service is described when needed (type of data,
coding algorithm, type of segmentation and reassembling technique, type of error correction/detection, etc.).
Information relative to the end to end scrambling or the time base of the service may also be
inserted/extracted;
4) error correction/detection: optional, a service may require an improved quality (additional error correction)
or error detection may be required by the above functions (source coding);
5) segmentation and reassembling: the bit stream of each service has to be segmented in order to allow a time
division multiplex;
6) multiplex technique: several multiplexing techniques are available (position multiplex, fixed or variable
length packets with headers, etc.). The most appropriate one may be chosen for each layer. It should however
allow a time division multiplex;
7) transmission media scrambling and access control management: identical to function 2) but only
performed on one transmission link at the transport level, between the mux and demux functions;
8) channel multiplexing information: at this level is inserted/extracted tables containing mapping between
physical channels information and the logical organization of the services;
9) frame generation/delineation: for a frame based transmission, it is the capability to recover the boundaries;
10) express data transfer: it is the capability to reserve a subchannel with a high priority access to the data
contained in it;
11) channel coding/decoding and modulation/demodulation: this is out of the mux unit scope. This function
may include error correction facilities in order to ensure the correct transmission quality.
The multiplexing/demultiplexing unit is expected to ensure functions 2) to 10).
6 Reference model
SPS1 SPS2 SPS3
TL1
TL2
NWS1
NWS2
SPS4
TL4
TL3
TSE2
TSE1 TSE4 TSE3
TL5 TL6
TSE5
RECEIVER
Transmission Link TL1 is between a service provider server and a network server.
Transmission Link TL2 is between two (different) network servers.
Transmission Link TL3 is between network servers and transmission station equipment TSE.
Transmission Link TL4 is between a service provider server and a TSE.
Transmission Link TL5 is between two TSE.
Transmission Link TL6 is between TSE and receivers.

Figure 1: Reference model
ETSI
12 ETSI EN 300 751 V1.2.1 (2003-01)
Service organization hypothesis:
- a service provider server can be connected to several network servers;
- two different networks can be connected via their network servers. These networks are not necessarily DARC
networks;
- a TSE belongs to only one network;
- one TSE can be connected to several other TSE.
Consequences:
- TL1 and TL2 should be independent of the network organization and transmission mechanisms;
- TL3 and TL4 should permit service multiplexing and insertion at transport level;
- TL5 should permit service multiplexing and insertion at network level.
7 Layers organization OSI reference model
Open Systems Interconnection reference model (OSI reference model) is a means of structuring communication
between entities, which may be located at different sites. The OSI reference model is committed to ISO 7498 [5] and
ITU-T Recommendation X.200 [6].
7.1 Functional layers
As a main principle of structuring, the model subdivides functionality into 7 functional layers.
Layers 1 to 4 include functions needed for transferring data between computers (transport functions), and Layers 5 to 7
include functions needed to facilitate common transactions between different users at different sites (application
functions).
For Layers 1 to 4, functions support the transfer of data, independently of what happens with these data after their
transfer.
For Layers 5 to 7, functions should deal with establishment and release of a common understanding between users,
which act as the source and sink of the data.
Application functions and transmission functions should be independent of each other, as far as possible.
7.1.1 Physical layer (Layer 1)
OSI systems are connected by a physical medium, consist of copper conductor, optical fibres, radio waves, or any other
medium. The physical layer does not contain the physical medium, but ensures the transmission of data bits
(synchronous or asynchronous). Of course, these functions are highly media-dependent.
7.1.2 Data link layer (Layer 2)
The data link layer adds error recovery and flow control functions to the physical layer. Especially, it processes errors
non-corre
...