ETSI ETS 300 159 ed.1 (1992-12)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ETS 300 159 E1:2006
01-februar-2006
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Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Transmit/receive Very Small Aperture
Terminals (VSATs) used for data communications operating in the Fixed Satellite Service
(FSS) 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETS 300 159 Edition 1
ICS:
33.060.30 Radiorelejni in fiksni satelitski Radio relay and fixed satellite
komunikacijski sistemi communications systems
SIST ETS 300 159 E1:2006 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST ETS 300 159 E1:2006

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SIST ETS 300 159 E1:2006
EUROPEAN ETS 300 159
TELECOMMUNICATION December 1992
STANDARD
Source: ETSI TC-SES Reference: DE/SES-2002
ICS: 33.060.30
VSAT, FSS
Key words:
Satellite Earth Stations (SES);
Transmit/receive Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSATs)
used for data communications
operating in the Fixed Satellite Service (FSS)
11/12/14 GHz frequency bands
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI Secretariat
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE
Postal address:
650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE
Office address:
c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - secretariat@etsi.fr
X.400: Internet:
Tel.: +33 92 94 42 00 - Fax: +33 93 65 47 16
Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the
foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1992. All rights reserved.
New presentation - see History box

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ETS 300 159: December 1992
Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,
typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to
"ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.

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ETS 300 159: December 1992
Contents
Foreword.5
1 Scope .7
2 Normative references .8
3 Definitions and abbreviations.9
3.1 Definitions.9
3.2 Abbreviations.9
4 Requirements.10
4.1 Safety.10
4.1.1 Mechanical construction.10
4.1.2 Electrical safety . 12
4.1.2.1 Power voltages . 12
4.1.2.2 Lightning . 12
4.1.3 Radio frequency radiation protection.12
4.1.4 Solar radiation protection .13
4.2 Radio frequency.13
4.2.1 Spurious radiation.13
4.2.2 On axis spurious radiation.14
4.2.3 Transmit carrier centre frequency stability.15
4.2.4 Off-axis EIRP emission density (co-polar and cross-polar) within the band
14,0 GHz to 14,5 GHz .15
4.2.5 Transmit polarisation discrimination.16
4.2.6 Carrier on-off. 16
4.2.7 Electromagnetic immunity.17
4.3 Mechanical .17
4.3.1 Pointing stability .17
4.3.2 Antenna pointing accuracy capability. 18
4.3.3 Polarisation angle alignment capability .18
5 Recommendations.18
5.1 Antenna transmit gain pattern (co-polar and cross-polar).18
5.2 Antenna receive gain pattern (co-polar and cross-polar).19
5.3 Transmit polarisation discrimination.20
5.4 Receive polarisation discrimination.21
5.5 Electromagnetic immunity .21
6 Terrestrial interfaces .21
7 Control and monitoring.21
Annex A (normative): Spurious radiation outside main-beam - test procedure . 22
A.1 Introduction.22
A.2 Measuring method.22
A.3 Equipment under test.23
A.4 Operating mode signal generation .23

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ETS 300 159: December 1992
A.5 Test site and test set-up .23
A.6 Measuring procedure below cut-off frequency.23
History .24

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ETS 300 159: December 1992
Foreword
This European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) has been produced by the Satellite Earth Stations
(SES) Technical Committee of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), and, has
undergone the ETSI standards approval procedure in Public Enquiry 20 and Vote 25.
Every ETS prepared by ETSI is a voluntary standard. This ETS may contain text concerning type approval
of the equipment to which it relates. This text should be considered as guidance only and does not make
this ETS mandatory.

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ETS 300 159: December 1992
Blank page

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ETS 300 159: December 1992
1 Scope
This European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) provides specifications for the standardisation of the
characteristics of transmit/receive Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSATs) operating as part of a satellite
network used for the distribution and/or exchange of data between users.
In such a network a Centralised Control and Monitoring Function (CCMF) is responsible for the monitoring
and control of remote VSATs.
These VSATs have the following characteristics:
- operating in the exclusive part of the Ku-band allocated to the Fixed Satellite Services (FSS), 14,00
to 14,25 GHz (Earth-Space), 12,50 to 12,75 GHz (Space-Earth), and in the shared parts of the Ku-
band, allocated to the FSS and Fixed Services (FS), 14,25 to 14,50 GHz (Earth-Space) and 10,70
to 11,70 GHz (Space-Earth);
- in these frequency bands linear polarisation is normally used and the system operates through
satellites at 3° spacing;
- designed for unattended operation;
- limited to the reception and transmission of baseband digital signals;
- equipped with one, or several terrestrial ports but the total aggregate information bit rate
transmitted towards the satellite through these ports shall be limited to 2,048 Mbit/s;
- antenna diameter not exceeding 3,8 m, or equivalent corresponding aperture.
The equipment considered in this ETS comprises both the "outdoor unit", usually composed of the antenna
subsystem and, associated power amplifier and Low Noise Block (LNB), and the "indoor unit" composed of
the remaining part of the communication chain, including the cable between these two units.
This ETS does not contain any requirement, recommendation or information about the installation of the
VSATs. Nor is this ETS intended to apply to VSAT network hub stations.
This ETS deals with two types of specification:
a) Essential normative requirements (indicated in Clause 4)
Requirements are specified in order to protect other users of the frequency spectrum, both satellite
and terrestrial, from unacceptable interference. In addition, requirements are specified for the
purposes of electrical safety, structural safety and solar radiation protection as well as protection
from harmful interference.
The test and measurement procedures associated with the normative requirements detailed in
Clause 4 of this ETS shall be performed and the criteria met in order to demonstrate compliance
with this ETS.
b) Recommendations (indicated in Clause 5)
These are related to characteristics which contribute to the quality of reception by providing the
VSAT with minimum interference protection from other radio systems.
The test and measurement procedures associated with the informative recommendations detailed in
Clause 5 of this ETS are given for verification purposes only. The compliance with the
recommendations will not be taken as a condition to comply with this ETS.
All tests related to the requirements shall be performed and the results shall be entered in the data sheet
of the test report. The ability to comply with the recommendations shall also be noted in the data sheet of
the test report.

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ETS 300 159: December 1992
2 Normative references
This ETS incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative
references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this ETS
only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication referred to applies.
[1] IEC 950 (1991): "Safety of information technology equipment including electrical
business equipment".
[2] IEC 81(Co)6 (1981): "Standards for Lightning Protection of Structures".
[3] CISPR publication No.22 (1985): "Limits and methods of measurement of radio
interference characteristics of information technology equipment".
[4] CISPR publication No.16 (1987): "Specifications for radio interference measuring
apparatus and measurement methods".
[5] EN 55011 (1986): "Limits and methods of measurements of radio interference
characteristics of industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio-frequency
equipment".
[6] IEC 510-2-1 (1978): "Part 2: Measurements for sub-systems. Section one -
General. Section Two - Antenna (including feed network)".
[7] IEC 510-1-2 (1984): "Part 1: Measurements common to sub-systems and
combinations of sub-systems. Section Two - Measurements in the r.f. range".
[8] IEC 801-3 (1984): "Electromagnetic compatibility for industrial process
measurement and control equipment Part 3: Radiated electromagnetic field
requirement".
[9] ETS 300 160: "Satellite Earth Stations (SES); Control and monitoring functions
at a VSAT".
[10] ETS 300 161: "Satellite Earth Stations (SES); Centralised control and monitoring
functions for VSAT networks".
[11] CCIR Recommendation 732 (1990): "Method for statistical processing of Earth
station antenna side-lobe peaks".
[12] Draft prETS 300 193: "Satellite Earth Stations (SES); General requirements for
the connection of Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSATs) systems to terrestrial
networks (DE/SES-3001)".
[13] Draft prETS 300 194: "Satellite Earth Stations (SES); The interconnection of
Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) systems to Packet Switched Public Data
Networks (PSPDNs) (DE/SES-3002)".
[14] DE/SES-3003: "Standard for the interconnection of VSAT systems to CSPDNs".
[15] DE/SES-3007: "Standard for the interconnection of VSAT systems to ISDN".

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3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this ETS, the following definitions apply:
Outdoor unit: is the part of the terminal installed in a position within line of sight to the satellite and it is
intended to be operated in outdoor environmental conditions.
It usually comprises three main parts:
1) the antenna sub-system which converts the incident radiation field into a guided wave and vice
versa;
2) the LNB, which is a device that amplifies, with very low internal noise, the received signals in the
Radio Frequency (RF) band and converts them to intermediate frequencies;
3) the power amplifier which amplifies the low level RF signals for transmission through the antenna
subsystem.
NOTE: The installation equipment (means of attachment) is not included in this ETS. However,
the antenna structures and other components directly mounted on the antenna and
forming an integral part of it, are subject to the specifications of this ETS.
Indoor unit: is composed of the remaining part of the equipment. It is generally installed inside the
buildings and is connected to the outdoor unit. The connection cable between the outdoor and indoor unit
belongs to the indoor unit.
Nominated bandwidth: the bandwidth of the VSAT radio frequency transmission is nominated by the
manufacturer. The nominated bandwidth shall encompass all close-in spectral elements of the transmission
which have a density greater than the specified spurious levels. The nominated bandwidth shall be wide
enough to take account of the transmit carrier frequency stability. The value of the nominated bandwidth
shall be entered in the data sheet of the test report.
This parameter is to allow flexibility regarding adjacent channel interference levels which shall be taken into
account by operational procedures depending on the exact transponder carrier assignment situation.
Spurious radiation: is any radiation outside the nominated bandwidth.
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this ETS, the following abbreviations apply:
CCMF Centralised Control and Monitoring Functions
CSPDN Circuit Switched Public Data Network
EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power
EUT Equipment Under Test
FS Fixed Service
FSS Fixed Satellite Service
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
LNB Low Noise Block (low noise amplifier and down converter)
PSPDN Packet Switched Public Data Network

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ETS 300 159: December 1992
RF Radio Frequency
VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal
4 Requirements
4.1 Safety
4.1.1 Mechanical construction
Purpose:
Protection of operating personnel, the public and goods from insecure structures.
Specification:
This specification applies to the outdoor unit only.
The outdoor unit, including mounted and structural components, (but excluding the means of attachment)
shall be designed to support the following main loads due to:
- the weight of the antenna and structural components;
- the wind speed.
Loading due to snow and ice is not considered.
At wind speeds up to 180 km/h, referred to standard atmosphere temperature and pressure (293 K and
5
1,013 x 10 Pa (1 013 mbar)) none of the components shall have been torn away.
Verification:
Two alternative methods are given for verification.
a) Wind tunnel testing.
A wind tunnel shall be used for the purpose of conformance testing. The wind tunnel tests shall be
performed on the outdoor unit, or alternatively on a scale-model of the outdoor unit. The data
obtained for the scale-model shall be computed in order to obtain data for the true antenna size.
b) Numerical analysis and simplified tests.
This method shall provide an alternative to the wind tunnel test. The effects of maximum wind load
shall be first computed on the overall outdoor unit using a numerical analysis method, e.g. finite
elements method by computer taking into account the intrinsic properties of the materials. In a
second step, the computed loads shall be applied to the structure.
The purpose of the numerical analysis is twofold:
1) to show compliance with the specification under nominated conditions;
2) to compute equivalent static loads (force and torque) applied to the critical attachment points
of the structure, e.g.:
- reflector - mounting legs fixing point;
- reflector - struts;
- struts - LNB.

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ETS 300 159: December 1992
Test procedure:
a) Wind tunnel.
The test object shall be mounted in such a way, that wind load can be applied from all horizontal
°
directions in steps of 45 . The tests shall be carried out with the elevation angle of the antenna at its
minimum and at its maximum in turn. The wind load shall be increased gradually in steps up to 180
km/h, each step lasting approximately one minute.
The tests may be performed at any atmosphere temperature and air pressure. If the atmospheric
5
conditions differ from standard conditions (temperature = 293 K, air pressure = 1,013 x 10 Pa),
then the test velocity shall be determined according to the formula:
5
VV=×((1,013 10 ) /P )× (T / 293)
TS T T
where: V = wind velocity in test
T
V = wind velocity in standard conditions
S
P = air pressure in test, (Pa)
T
T = temperature in test, (K)
T
During the load conditions the test object shall be observed and the distortions recorded.
The test report shall contain:
- a description of the test equipment;
- a description of the tests performed;
- results of the measurements or calculations on the mechanical loads transmitted from
the outdoor unit to the attachment devices.
For the pointing stability (see subclause 4.3.1):
- results of the measurements of the deviation of the antenna position, and components
with respect to each other.
b) Numerical analysis and tests.
The computations needed to derive the field of forces and torque and the equivalent static stresses
shall be carried out for the same wind directions and elevation as specified in the wind tunnel test
procedure a) above. Only the maximum 180 km/h shall be considered. The air related parameters,
namely the kinematic viscosity used to calculate drags at the rims of the structure shall be calculated
with the standard atmospheric environmental conditions given in a) above. It shall be verified with the
simulated results that break point limits are not exceeded for any self-contained element. During the
practical test the calculated equivalent static loads shall be applied at any critical fixing point of the
assembly.
During the load conditions, the outdoor unit shall be observed, and any distortion recorded.

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ETS 300 159: December 1992
The test report shall contain:
- the computation method used;
- a description of the test equipment;
- a description of the tests performed;
- results of the safety margin calculation;
- results of the measurements or calculations on the mechanical loads transmitted from
the outdoor unit to the attachment devices.
For the pointing stability (see subclause 4.3.1):
- results of the measurements or mechanical distortions.
4.1.2 Electrical safety
4.1.2.1 Power voltages
Purpose:
Protection of operating personnel and the public from electric shock.
Specification:
The electrical safety of the equipment shall be in accordance with the introduction and Clauses 1 to 3
of IEC 950 [1]. These Clauses deal with fundamental design requirements, wiring, connections and supply.
Verification:
Conformance shall be determined according to IEC 950 [1], verification methods.
4.1.2.2 Lightning
Purpose:
To avoid dangerous potential differences between the outdoor unit and any other conductive structure.
Specification:
Means shall be provided to permit the attachment of bonding conductors of dimension indicated in table 7
of IEC 81(Co)6 [2].
Verification:
Conformance shall be determined by inspection.
4.1.3 Radio frequency radiation protection
Purpose:
Protection of operating personnel and the public from radio frequency radiation hazards.
Specification:
The equipment shall be fitted with a warning notice in a clearly visible position, indicating the region in which
2
a radio frequency radiation level in excess of 10 W/m may occur.

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ETS 300 159: December 1992
Verification:
By visual inspection.
4.1.4 Solar radiation protection
Purpose:
Protection of operating personnel and the public from solar radiation focusing effects.
Specification:
If, in conditions of sunshine, solar radiation is focused near the feed such that burning may occur, the
equipment shall be fitted with a warning notice in a clearly visible position.
Verification:
A statement shall be provided to indicate that the surface of the antenna has been treated to avoid the
situation, or otherwise by visual inspection to confirm the presence of warning notice.
4.2 Radio frequency
4.2.1 Spurious radiation
Purpose:
To limit the level of interference to terrestrial and satellite radio services.
Specification:
1) The VSAT shall satisfy the limits for radiated interference field strength specified in CISPR
Publication No. 22 [3] over the frequency range from 30 MHz to 960 MHz.
�˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜´˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜¿
‡ Frequency range ‡ Quasi-peak limits ‡
‡   (MHz)   ‡   (dB�V/m)   ‡
ˆ˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜¯˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜‡
‡  30 to 230  ‡     30    ‡
‡  230 to 960  ‡     37    ‡
�˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜`˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜�
The lower limits shall apply at the transition frequency.
The applicable class A (test distance 30 m) or B (test distance 10 m) shall be designated by the
manufacturer and indicated in the data sheet of the test report.
2) For the carrier-off case, the off-axis spurious Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP) from
the VSAT, in any 100 kHz band, shall be below the following limits, for all off-axis angles greater
°
than 7 :
960,0 MHz to 10,7 GHz 48 dBpW
1)
10,7 GHz to 21,2 GHz 54 dBpW
21,2 GHz to 40,0 GHz 60 dBpW
The lower limits shall apply at the transition frequency.

1)
Prior to 1st January 1994, a limit of 63 dBpW shall be applied in the frequency range 13,6 to 14,9 GHz.

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ETS 300 159: December 1992
3) For the carrier-on case, the off-axis spurious EIRP from the VSAT, shall be below the following
°
limits, for all off-axis angles greater than 7 :
49 dBpW in any 100 kHz band in the range960,0 MHz to 3,4 GHz;
55 dBpW in any 100 kHz band in the range3,4 GHz to10,7 GHz;
61 dBpW in any 100 kHz band in the range10,7 GHz to13,6 GHz;
2)
78 dBpW in any 20 MHz band in the range13,6 GHz to14,9 GHz;
61 dBpW in any 100 kHz band in the range14,9 GHz to21,2 GHz;
67 dBpW in any 100 kHz band in the range21,2 GHz to28,0 GHz;
2)
78 dBpW in any 20 MHz band in the range28,0 GHz to29,0 GHz;
67 dBpW in any 100 kHz band in the range29,0 GHz to40,0 GHz;
The lower limits shall apply at the transition frequency.
4) These limits are applicable to the complete VSAT equipment, comprising the indoor and outdoor
units and at least 10 m of connection cable between them.
Verification:
Measurement of spurious radiation generated by a VSAT terminal under operation.
Test procedure:
The full system shall be tested according to the test procedure given in Annex A.
The environmental conditions of the test laboratory shall be within the range of those for which the indoor
unit is designed to operate.
4.2.2 On axis spurious radiation
Purpose:
To limit the level of interference to satellite radio services.
Specification:
In the 14,0 GHz to 14,5 GHz band the EIRP spectral density of the spurious radiation excluding
intermodulation products and excluding the nominated bandwidth shall not exceed 4 - 10 log N dBW in any
100 kHz band with the carrier on.
The on axis spurious radiations, outside the 14,0 GHz to 14,5 GHz band, are limited in subclause 4.2.1 by
taking into account the on axis antenna gain.
N is the maximum number of VSATs which are expected to transmit simultaneously in the same carrier
frequency band. This number shall be indicated by the manufacturer.
When the carrier is off, the EIRP spectral density of the spurious radiation in the 14,0 GHz to 14,5 GHz
band shall not exceed - 21 dBW in any 100 kHz band.
NOTE 1: Intermodulation limits inside the band 14,0 GHz to 14,5 GHz are to be determined by
system design, subject to satellite operator specifications.
Verification:
Conformance shall be determined by direct measurement.

2)
Prior to 1st January 1994, a limit of 88 dBpW shall be applied.

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ETS 300 159: December 1992
Test procedure:
The measurement shall be performed by the following method.
The power of the spurious radiations at the interface point between the antenna and the remaining outdoor
unit shall be measured according to the measurement method in IEC 510-1-2 [7], Clause 2, paragraph
5.2.2. The antenna on-axis gain shall be measured using one of the methods of IEC 510-2-1 [6], Clause 8,
or any other method, that can be proved to give the same results. The EIRP of the spurious radiation shall
be calculated from the above two measurements. The environmental conditions of the test laboratory shall
be those for which the indoor unit is designed to operate.
NOTE 2: Definitions and methods of measurement for integrated equipment are under study.
4.2.3 Transmit carrier centre frequency stability
Purpose:
Protection of transmissions on the same satellite.
Specification:
The transmitted carrier centre frequency shall not deviate from its nominal value by more than an amount
which allows the carrier (and its close-in spectral components which have a spectral power density greater
than the specified spurious levels) to remain within its nominated bandwidth. This frequency tolerance
refers to the initial frequency adjustment plus long-term drift. Long-term drift shall be assumed to be at
least one month.
Verification:
Conformance shall be determined from documentary evidence.
4.2.4 Off-axis EIRP emission density (co-polar and cross-polar) within the band 14,0 GHz to
14,5 GHz
Purpose:
Protection of other satellite (uplink) systems.
Specification:
The maximum EIRP in any 40 kHz band within the nominated bandwidth of the co-polarised component in
any direction Ł degrees from the antenna main beam axis shall not exceed the following limits:
33 - 25 log Ł - 10 log N dBW for 2,5° �Ł � 7°
12        - 10 log N dBW for 7° < Ł � 9,2°
36 - 25 log Ł - 10 log N dBW for 9,2° < Ł � 48°
-6        - 10 log N dBW for Ł > 48°
In addition the cross-polarised component in any direction Ł degrees from the antenna main beam axis
shall not exceed the following limits:
23 - 25 log Ł - 10 log N dBW for 2,5° � Ł � 7°
2        - 10 log N dBW for 7° < Ł � 9,2°
Where Ł is the angle, in degrees, between the main beam axis and the direction considered, and N is the
maximum number of VSATs which may transmit simultaneously in the same carrier frequency band. This
number shall be indicated by the manufacturer.

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ETS 300 159: December 1992
NOTE 1: For Ł > 70° the values given above may be increased to 4 - 10 log N dBW over the
range of angles for which the particul
...