ETSI ETS 300 456 ed.1 (1995-11)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ETS 300 456 E1:2006
01-februar-2006
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Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Test methods for Very Small Aperture
Terminals (VSATs) operating in the 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETS 300 456 Edition 1
ICS:
33.060.30 Radiorelejni in fiksni satelitski Radio relay and fixed satellite
komunikacijski sistemi communications systems
SIST ETS 300 456 E1:2006 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST ETS 300 456 E1:2006

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SIST ETS 300 456 E1:2006
EUROPEAN ETS 300 456
TELECOMMUNICATION November 1995
STANDARD
Source: ETSI TC-SES Reference: DE/SES-02008
ICS: 33.060.30
VSAT, testing
Key words:
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);
Test methods for Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSATs)
operating in the 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI Secretariat
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE
Postal address:
650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE
Office address:
c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - secretariat@etsi.fr
X.400: Internet:
Tel.: +33 92 94 42 00 - Fax: +33 93 65 47 16
Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the
foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1995. All rights reserved.
New presentation - see History box

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ETS 300 456: November 1995
Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,
typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to
"ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.

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Contents
Foreword .7
1 Scope .9
2 Normative references.9
3 Definitions and abbreviations .9
3.1 Definitions .9
3.2 Abbreviations .10
4 General test arrangements .10
4.1 General .10
4.2 Outdoor far-field test site .11
4.2.1 General.11
4.2.2 Description .11
4.3 Anechoic chamber .11
4.3.1 General.11
4.3.2 Description .11
4.3.3 Parasitic reflections .14
4.4 Open area test site.15
4.4.1 General.15
4.4.2 Description .15
4.5 Compact antenna test range .16
4.5.1 General.16
4.5.2 Description .16
4.6 Semi-anechoic chamber.17
4.7 Power supplies.17
4.8 Test equipment .17
4.8.1 General.17
4.8.2 Measuring and test antenna.17
4.8.3 Substitution antenna.18
4.8.4 Test load.18
4.8.5 Measuring receiver/Spectrum analyser.18
4.8.6 Input filter.18
4.8.7 Screening .19
4.9 Environmental conditions.19
4.10 Test results and test report.19
4.10.1 Test results.19
4.10.2 Measurement uncertainty.19
4.10.3 Test report.19
5 Safety .20
5.1 Mechanical construction .20
5.1.1 Specification .20
5.1.2 Test method - wind speed.20
5.1.2.1 General.20
5.1.2.2 Numerical analysis and load applications.20
5.1.3 Test method - interface loads.21
5.2 Lightning protection.21
5.2.1 Specification .21
5.2.2 Test method .21
6 Radio frequency .21
6.1 Off-axis EIRP emission density .21
6.1.1 General.21
6.1.2 Specification .22
6.1.3 Test method .22

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6.1.3.1 Transmitter output power density. 22
6.1.3.1.1 Test site. 22
6.1.3.1.2 Method of measurement . 22
6.1.3.2 Antenna transmit gain . 23
6.1.3.2.1 General. 23
6.1.3.2.2 Test site. 23
6.1.3.2.3 Method of measurement . 23
6.1.3.3 Antenna transmit radiation patterns . 24
6.1.3.3.1 General. 24
6.1.3.3.2 Test site. 24
6.1.3.3.3 Method of measurement . 24
6.1.4 Computation of results. 25
6.2 Antenna transmit and receive radiation patterns. 25
6.2.1 General . 25
6.2.2 Transmit radiation pattern. 26
6.2.2.1 Specification. 26
6.2.2.2 Presentation of results . 26
6.2.3 Receive radiation pattern. 26
6.2.3.1 Specification. 26
6.2.3.2 Test site . 26
6.2.3.3 Method of measurement. 26
6.2.3.4 Measurement of receive gain. 27
6.2.3.5 Measurement of receive radiation patterns. 28
6.2.3.6 Presentation of results . 29
6.3 Transmit polarisation discrimination. 29
6.3.1 General . 29
6.3.2 Definitions . 29
6.3.3 Specification . 29
6.3.4 Test site . 29
6.3.5 Method of measurement. 29
6.4 Receive polarisation discrimination. 30
6.4.1 General . 30
6.4.2 Specification . 30
6.4.3 Test site . 30
6.4.4 Method of measurement. 31
6.5 Transmit carrier centre frequency stability . 32
6.5.1 General . 32
6.5.2 Specification . 32
6.5.3 Test site . 32
6.5.4 Verification . 32
6.6 Spurious radiation . 32
6.6.1 General . 32
6.6.2 Below 960 MHz. 32
6.6.2.1 Specification. 32
6.6.2.2 Method of measurement. 32
6.6.3 Above 960 MHz . 32
6.6.3.1 Specifications. 32
6.6.3.1.1 Carrier-off state . 32
6.6.3.1.2 Carrier-on state . 33
6.6.3.2 Method of measurement. 33
6.6.3.2.1 Test method . 33
6.6.3.2.2 Identification of significant frequencies
of spurious radiation. 33
6.6.3.2.2.1 Test site. 33
6.6.3.2.2.2 Procedure. 33
6.6.3.2.3 Measurement of radiated power levels
of identified spurious radiation . 33
6.6.3.2.3.1 Test site. 33
6.6.3.2.3.2 Procedure. 34
6.6.3.2.4 Measurement of conducted spurious
radiation at the antenna flange. 35
6.6.3.2.4.1 Test site. 35
6.6.3.2.4.2 Procedure. 35

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6.7 On-axis spurious radiation .35
6.7.1 General.35
6.7.2 Specification .36
6.7.3 Test site.36
6.7.4 Method of measurement .36
6.7.4.1 General.36
6.7.4.2 Method of measurement at the antenna flange.36
6.7.4.3 Method of measurement with a test antenna .37
6.8 Carrier off state .37
6.8.1 General.37
6.8.2 Specification .38
6.8.3 Method of measurement .38
6.9 Electromagnetic immunity.38
6.9.1 General.38
6.9.2 Below 1 GHz.38
6.9.2.1 Specification .38
6.9.2.2 Method of measurement.38
6.9.3 Above 1 GHz .38
6.9.3.1 Specification .38
6.9.3.2 Test site .38
6.9.3.3 Method of measurement.39
7 Mechanical requirements .40
7.1 General .40
7.2 Definition.40
7.3 Antenna pointing accuracy.40
7.3.1 Specification .40
7.3.2 Test site.40
7.3.3 Method of verification .40
7.4 Pointing stability .40
7.4.1 Specification .40
7.4.2 Method of verification .40
7.5 Polarisation angle alignment capability.41
7.5.1 Specification .41
7.5.2 Test site.41
7.5.3 Method of verification .41
Annex A (normative): Test report summary .42
Annex B (normative): Test report result forms .44
History.64

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Foreword
This European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) has been produced by the Satellite Earth Stations and
Systems (SES) Technical Committee of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
Transposition dates
Date of adoption of this ETS: 15 September 1995
Date of latest announcement of this ETS (doa): 28 February 1996
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this ETS (dop/e): 31 August 1996
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 August 1996

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1 Scope
This European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) covers the test methods for both transmit/receive and
receive only Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSAT) used for digital communications within the
11/12/14 GHz frequency bands of the Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) utilising satellites spaced three
degrees (3°) apart. These VSATs are defined and their basic characteristics are specified in the
referenced ETSs, ETS 300 159 [1] and ETS 300 157 [2]. This ETS specifies the test methods for
demonstration of compliance with the specifications of the reference ETS, and also with those for which
the reference ETS allows verification at the manufacturer's discretion.
2 Normative references
This ETS incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply
to this ETS only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest
edition of the publication referred to applies.
[1] ETS 300 159: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Transmit/receive
Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSATs) used for data communications
operating in the Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands".
[2] ETS 300 157: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Receive-only Very
Small Aperture Terminals (VSATs) used for data distribution operating in the
11/12 GHz frequency bands".
[3] IEC 510-1 (1975): "Methods of measurement for radio equipment used in
satellite earth stations; Part 1: General".
[4] CISPR 16-1 (1993): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus and methods: Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus".
[5] EN 50083-1 (1993): "Cabled distribution systems for television and sound
signals. Part 1: Safety requirements".
[6] ITU-R Recommendation S.732 (1990): "Method for statistical processing of
Earth station antenna side-lobe peaks".
[7] EN 50081-1 (1991): "Electromagnetic compatibility - Generic emission standard.
Part 1: residential, commercial and light industry".
[8] EN 55022 (1993): "Limits and methods of measurement of radio interference
characteristics of information technology equipment".
[9] EN 50082-1 (1991): "Electromagnetic compatibility - Generic immunity standard.
Part 1: residential, commercial and light industry".
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this ETS the following definitions apply:
Definitions are generally included in the subclause in which they occur. The definitions have been taken,
where possible, from "International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (2nd Edition), Group 60,
Radiocommunications" published by the International Electrotechnical Commission. Other sources
include, but are not limited to, documentation produced by IEC, ETSI and CISPR.
The definitions below are of a general nature and apply throughout this ETS.

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indoor unit: That part of the equipment which does not form part of the outdoor unit. It is generally
installed inside the buildings and is connected to the outdoor unit. The connection cable between the
outdoor and indoor units belongs to the indoor unit.
Ku-band: That part of the frequency spectrum which occupies the frequency band 10,7 GHz to 18 GHz.
nominated bandwidth: The bandwidth of the VSAT radio frequency transmission nominated by the
manufacturer. The nominated bandwidth is wide enough to encompass all spectral elements of the
transmission which have a density greater than the specified spurious levels, and to take into account the
transmit carrier frequency stability.
NOTE: This definition is chosen to allow flexibility regarding adjacent channel interference
levels which will be taken into account by operational procedures depending on the
exact transponder assignment situation.
outdoor unit: That part of the terminal installed in a position within line of sight to the satellite and which
is intended to be operated in outdoor environment conditions.
spurious radiation: Any radiation outside the nominated bandwidth.
transmissions disabled state: A VSAT is in the transmissions disabled state when it is not authorised by
the Centralised Control and Monitoring Functions (CCMF) to transmit.
transmissions enabled state: A VSAT is in the transmissions enabled state when it is authorised by the
CCMF to transmit.
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this ETS the following abbreviations apply:
CCMF Centralised Control and Monitoring Functions
EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power
EMC Electro-Magnetic Compatibility
EUT Equipment Under Test
HPA High Power Amplifier
LNB Low Noise Block (low noise amplifier and down-converter)
QTMA Quality of Transmission Measurement Apparatus
RF Radio Frequency
VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal
4 General test arrangements
4.1 General
Five possible test sites are described in this clause: outdoor far-field test sites, anechoic chambers, open
area test sites, compact antenna test ranges and semi-anechoic chambers. The test sites used for the
measurements shall be validated and, where appropriate, calibrated, to reduce measurement uncertainty
and the probability of measurement error. Other test sites may be used providing that they are proven to
produce results consistent with those produced by the appropriate test site described in this clause.
Any measurement involving either antenna gain patterns or polarisation measurements shall be
performed in the far field obtainable on an outdoor far-field test site, through a compact antenna test
range or by any other recognised method that can be proved to give the same results over the concerned
frequency range.
The test site shall be on a reasonable level surface or ground and it shall be free from reflecting objects so
that the measurement results are not unduly affected. Sufficient precautions shall be taken to ensure that
reflections from objects adjacent to the test site do not degrade the measurement methods.
Any measurement involving system radiation and electromagnetic immunity shall be performed with the
VSAT in a continuous transmission mode. Any facilities necessary shall be provided by the manufacturer
and shall be described in the test report.

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The ambient noise of the test site shall be at least 6 dB lower than the lowest limit to which the
measurements have to be compared. All test cables shall be as short as possible and shall be adequately
screened.
In the case where the outdoor unit is manufactured without an accessible interface between the antenna
subsystem and the Low Noise Block (LNB), it is impossible to carry out the tests to verify compliance with
the specifications. In this case the manufacturer shall provide suitable fixtures.
4.2 Outdoor far-field test site
4.2.1 General
This test site shall be such that any covering or environmental protection as well as the site itself shall be
transparent to electromagnetic waves at the frequencies under consideration. The distance between the
measuring and measured antennas shall be such that they are each in the far-field region of the other
antenna. Reflections from both natural and artificial objects shall be at a minimum and of known amplitude
and effect.
4.2.2 Description
The far-field distance of an antenna is defined as:
2
R > 2D / λ
where:
R is the far-field distance;
D is the largest dimension of the antenna under test;
λ is the free space wavelength at the test frequency.
Even at this distance, the path difference between the ray from the source to the centre of the aperture
and the ray from the source to the edge of the aperture is at the most λ/16 and the resulting phase
deviation of the incident wavefront is at the most 22,5° which corresponds to an error of about 0,1 dB in
antenna gain.
The structure supporting the Equipment Under Test (EUT) shall have means of adjustment in polarity,
elevation angle and azimuth angle so that the received signal can be maximised.
To eliminate errors caused by reflection coefficient variation from one measurement geometry to another,
the ground reflections shall be minimised. Sufficient precautions shall be taken to ensure that reflections
from extraneous objects adjacent to the site do not degrade the measurement results and that all test
cables are as short as possible and adequately screened.
If the near-field scanner technology to convert near-field measurements to far-field results is proven and
sufficiently accurate by reference to tests taken in both regions then antenna measurements may be taken
in the near field.
4.3 Anechoic chamber
4.3.1 General
An anechoic chamber is a well shielded chamber covered inside with radio frequency absorbing material
and simulating a free space environment. Absolute or relative measurements can be performed. Absolute
measurements of field strength require the anechoic chamber to be calibrated. This is the type of chamber
often used for immunity measurements.
4.3.2 Description
An anechoic chamber shall meet appropriate requirements for shielding effectiveness and wall return loss.
Figure 1 shows an example of such requirements. Figure 2 shows an example of the construction of an
anechoic chamber having a base area of 5 m by 10 m and a height of 5 m, usually used for Electro
Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) measurements. The ceiling and
...