ETSI ETS 300 456 ed.1 (1995-11)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
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Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Test methods for Very Small Aperture
Terminals (VSATs) operating in the 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETS 300 456 Edition 1
ICS:
33.060.30 Radiorelejni in fiksni satelitski Radio relay and fixed satellite
komunikacijski sistemi communications systems
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN ETS 300 456
TELECOMMUNICATION November 1995
STANDARD
Source: ETSI TC-SES Reference: DE/SES-02008
ICS: 33.060.30
VSAT, testing
Key words:
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);
Test methods for Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSATs)
operating in the 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI Secretariat
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE
Postal address:
650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE
Office address:
c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - secretariat@etsi.fr
X.400: Internet:
Tel.: +33 92 94 42 00 - Fax: +33 93 65 47 16
Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the
foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1995. All rights reserved.
New presentation - see History box

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ETS 300 456: November 1995
Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,
typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to
"ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.

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ETS 300 456: November 1995
Contents
Foreword .7
1 Scope .9
2 Normative references.9
3 Definitions and abbreviations .9
3.1 Definitions .9
3.2 Abbreviations .10
4 General test arrangements .10
4.1 General .10
4.2 Outdoor far-field test site .11
4.2.1 General.11
4.2.2 Description .11
4.3 Anechoic chamber .11
4.3.1 General.11
4.3.2 Description .11
4.3.3 Parasitic reflections .14
4.4 Open area test site.15
4.4.1 General.15
4.4.2 Description .15
4.5 Compact antenna test range .16
4.5.1 General.16
4.5.2 Description .16
4.6 Semi-anechoic chamber.17
4.7 Power supplies.17
4.8 Test equipment .17
4.8.1 General.17
4.8.2 Measuring and test antenna.17
4.8.3 Substitution antenna.18
4.8.4 Test load.18
4.8.5 Measuring receiver/Spectrum analyser.18
4.8.6 Input filter.18
4.8.7 Screening .19
4.9 Environmental conditions.19
4.10 Test results and test report.19
4.10.1 Test results.19
4.10.2 Measurement uncertainty.19
4.10.3 Test report.19
5 Safety .20
5.1 Mechanical construction .20
5.1.1 Specification .20
5.1.2 Test method - wind speed.20
5.1.2.1 General.20
5.1.2.2 Numerical analysis and load applications.20
5.1.3 Test method - interface loads.21
5.2 Lightning protection.21
5.2.1 Specification .21
5.2.2 Test method .21
6 Radio frequency .21
6.1 Off-axis EIRP emission density .21
6.1.1 General.21
6.1.2 Specification .22
6.1.3 Test method .22

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ETS 300 456: November 1995
6.1.3.1 Transmitter output power density. 22
6.1.3.1.1 Test site. 22
6.1.3.1.2 Method of measurement . 22
6.1.3.2 Antenna transmit gain . 23
6.1.3.2.1 General. 23
6.1.3.2.2 Test site. 23
6.1.3.2.3 Method of measurement . 23
6.1.3.3 Antenna transmit radiation patterns . 24
6.1.3.3.1 General. 24
6.1.3.3.2 Test site. 24
6.1.3.3.3 Method of measurement . 24
6.1.4 Computation of results. 25
6.2 Antenna transmit and receive radiation patterns. 25
6.2.1 General . 25
6.2.2 Transmit radiation pattern. 26
6.2.2.1 Specification. 26
6.2.2.2 Presentation of results . 26
6.2.3 Receive radiation pattern. 26
6.2.3.1 Specification. 26
6.2.3.2 Test site . 26
6.2.3.3 Method of measurement. 26
6.2.3.4 Measurement of receive gain. 27
6.2.3.5 Measurement of receive radiation patterns. 28
6.2.3.6 Presentation of results . 29
6.3 Transmit polarisation discrimination. 29
6.3.1 General . 29
6.3.2 Definitions . 29
6.3.3 Specification . 29
6.3.4 Test site . 29
6.3.5 Method of measurement. 29
6.4 Receive polarisation discrimination. 30
6.4.1 General . 30
6.4.2 Specification . 30
6.4.3 Test site . 30
6.4.4 Method of measurement. 31
6.5 Transmit carrier centre frequency stability . 32
6.5.1 General . 32
6.5.2 Specification . 32
6.5.3 Test site . 32
6.5.4 Verification . 32
6.6 Spurious radiation . 32
6.6.1 General . 32
6.6.2 Below 960 MHz. 32
6.6.2.1 Specification. 32
6.6.2.2 Method of measurement. 32
6.6.3 Above 960 MHz . 32
6.6.3.1 Specifications. 32
6.6.3.1.1 Carrier-off state . 32
6.6.3.1.2 Carrier-on state . 33
6.6.3.2 Method of measurement. 33
6.6.3.2.1 Test method . 33
6.6.3.2.2 Identification of significant frequencies
of spurious radiation. 33
6.6.3.2.2.1 Test site. 33
6.6.3.2.2.2 Procedure. 33
6.6.3.2.3 Measurement of radiated power levels
of identified spurious radiation . 33
6.6.3.2.3.1 Test site. 33
6.6.3.2.3.2 Procedure. 34
6.6.3.2.4 Measurement of conducted spurious
radiation at the antenna flange. 35
6.6.3.2.4.1 Test site. 35
6.6.3.2.4.2 Procedure. 35

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ETS 300 456: November 1995
6.7 On-axis spurious radiation .35
6.7.1 General.35
6.7.2 Specification .36
6.7.3 Test site.36
6.7.4 Method of measurement .36
6.7.4.1 General.36
6.7.4.2 Method of measurement at the antenna flange.36
6.7.4.3 Method of measurement with a test antenna .37
6.8 Carrier off state .37
6.8.1 General.37
6.8.2 Specification .38
6.8.3 Method of measurement .38
6.9 Electromagnetic immunity.38
6.9.1 General.38
6.9.2 Below 1 GHz.38
6.9.2.1 Specification .38
6.9.2.2 Method of measurement.38
6.9.3 Above 1 GHz .38
6.9.3.1 Specification .38
6.9.3.2 Test site .38
6.9.3.3 Method of measurement.39
7 Mechanical requirements .40
7.1 General .40
7.2 Definition.40
7.3 Antenna pointing accuracy.40
7.3.1 Specification .40
7.3.2 Test site.40
7.3.3 Method of verification .40
7.4 Pointing stability .40
7.4.1 Specification .40
7.4.2 Method of verification .40
7.5 Polarisation angle alignment capability.41
7.5.1 Specification .41
7.5.2 Test site.41
7.5.3 Method of verification .41
Annex A (normative): Test report summary .42
Annex B (normative): Test report result forms .44
History.64

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ETS 300 456: November 1995
Foreword
This European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) has been produced by the Satellite Earth Stations and
Systems (SES) Technical Committee of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
Transposition dates
Date of adoption of this ETS: 15 September 1995
Date of latest announcement of this ETS (doa): 28 February 1996
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this ETS (dop/e): 31 August 1996
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 August 1996

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ETS 300 456: November 1995
1 Scope
This European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) covers the test methods for both transmit/receive and
receive only Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSAT) used for digital communications within the
11/12/14 GHz frequency bands of the Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) utilising satellites spaced three
degrees (3°) apart. These VSATs are defined and their basic characteristics are specified in the
referenced ETSs, ETS 300 159 [1] and ETS 300 157 [2]. This ETS specifies the test methods for
demonstration of compliance with the specifications of the reference ETS, and also with those for which
the reference ETS allows verification at the manufacturer's discretion.
2 Normative references
This ETS incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply
to this ETS only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest
edition of the publication referred to applies.
[1] ETS 300 159: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Transmit/receive
Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSATs) used for data communications
operating in the Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands".
[2] ETS 300 157: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Receive-only Very
Small Aperture Terminals (VSATs) used for data distribution operating in the
11/12 GHz frequency bands".
[3] IEC 510-1 (1975): "Methods of measurement for radio equipment used in
satellite earth stations; Part 1: General".
[4] CISPR 16-1 (1993): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus and methods: Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus".
[5] EN 50083-1 (1993): "Cabled distribution systems for television and sound
signals. Part 1: Safety requirements".
[6] ITU-R Recommendation S.732 (1990): "Method for statistical processing of
Earth station antenna side-lobe peaks".
[7] EN 50081-1 (1991): "Electromagnetic compatibility - Generic emission standard.
Part 1: residential, commercial and light industry".
[8] EN 55022 (1993): "Limits and methods of measurement of radio interference
characteristics of information technology equipment".
[9] EN 50082-1 (1991): "Electromagnetic compatibility - Generic immunity standard.
Part 1: residential, commercial and light industry".
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this ETS the following definitions apply:
Definitions are generally included in the subclause in which they occur. The definitions have been taken,
where possible, from "International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (2nd Edition), Group 60,
Radiocommunications" published by the International Electrotechnical Commission. Other sources
include, but are not limited to, documentation produced by IEC, ETSI and CISPR.
The definitions below are of a general nature and apply throughout this ETS.

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ETS 300 456: November 1995
indoor unit: That part of the equipment which does not form part of the outdoor unit. It is generally
installed inside the buildings and is connected to the outdoor unit. The connection cable between the
outdoor and indoor units belongs to the indoor unit.
Ku-band: That part of the frequency spectrum which occupies the frequency band 10,7 GHz to 18 GHz.
nominated bandwidth: The bandwidth of the VSAT radio frequency transmission nominated by the
manufacturer. The nominated bandwidth is wide enough to encompass all spectral elements of the
transmission which have a density greater than the specified spurious levels, and to take into account the
transmit carrier frequency stability.
NOTE: This definition is chosen to allow flexibility regarding adjacent channel interference
levels which will be taken into account by operational procedures depending on the
exact transponder assignment situation.
outdoor unit: That part of the terminal installed in a position within line of sight to the satellite and which
is intended to be operated in outdoor environment conditions.
spurious radiation: Any radiation outside the nominated bandwidth.
transmissions disabled state: A VSAT is in the transmissions disabled state when it is not authorised by
the Centralised Control and Monitoring Functions (CCMF) to transmit.
transmissions enabled state: A VSAT is in the transmissions enabled state when it is authorised by the
CCMF to transmit.
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this ETS the following abbreviations apply:
CCMF Centralised Control and Monitoring Functions
EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power
EMC Electro-Magnetic Compatibility
EUT Equipment Under Test
HPA High Power Amplifier
LNB Low Noise Block (low noise amplifier and down-converter)
QTMA Quality of Transmission Measurement Apparatus
RF Radio Frequency
VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal
4 General test arrangements
4.1 General
Five possible test sites are described in this clause: outdoor far-field test sites, anechoic chambers, open
area test sites, compact antenna test ranges and semi-anechoic chambers. The test sites used for the
measurements shall be validated and, where appropriate, calibrated, to reduce measurement uncertainty
and the probability of measurement error. Other test sites may be used providing that they are proven to
produce results consistent with those produced by the appropriate test site described in this clause.
Any measurement involving either antenna gain patterns or polarisation measurements shall be
performed in the far field obtainable on an outdoor far-field test site, through a compact antenna test
range or by any other recognised method that can be proved to give the same results over the concerned
frequency range.
The test site shall be on a reasonable level surface or ground and it shall be free from reflecting objects so
that the measurement results are not unduly affected. Sufficient precautions shall be taken to ensure that
reflections from objects adjacent to the test site do not degrade the measurement methods.
Any measurement involving system radiation and electromagnetic immunity shall be performed with the
VSAT in a continuous transmission mode. Any facilities necessary shall be provided by the manufacturer
and shall be described in the test report.

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ETS 300 456: November 1995
The ambient noise of the test site shall be at least 6 dB lower than the lowest limit to which the
measurements have to be compared. All test cables shall be as short as possible and shall be adequately
screened.
In the case where the outdoor unit is manufactured without an accessible interface between the antenna
subsystem and the Low Noise Block (LNB), it is impossible to carry out the tests to verify compliance with
the specifications. In this case the manufacturer shall provide suitable fixtures.
4.2 Outdoor far-field test site
4.2.1 General
This test site shall be such that any covering or environmental protection as well as the site itself shall be
transparent to electromagnetic waves at the frequencies under consideration. The distance between the
measuring and measured antennas shall be such that they are each in the far-field region of the other
antenna. Reflections from both natural and artificial objects shall be at a minimum and of known amplitude
and effect.
4.2.2 Description
The far-field distance of an antenna is defined as:
R > 2D / λ
where:
R is the far-field distance;
D is the largest dimension of the antenna under test;
λ is the free space wavelength at the test frequency.
Even at this distance, the path difference between the ray from the source to the centre of the aperture
and the ray from the source to the edge of the aperture is at the most λ/16 and the resulting phase
deviation of the incident wavefront is at the most 22,5° which corresponds to an error of about 0,1 dB in
antenna gain.
The structure supporting the Equipment Under Test (EUT) shall have means of adjustment in polarity,
elevation angle and azimuth angle so that the received signal can be maximised.
To eliminate errors caused by reflection coefficient variation from one measurement geometry to another,
the ground reflections shall be minimised. Sufficient precautions shall be taken to ensure that reflections
from extraneous objects adjacent to the site do not degrade the measurement results and that all test
cables are as short as possible and adequately screened.
If the near-field scanner technology to convert near-field measurements to far-field results is proven and
sufficiently accurate by reference to tests taken in both regions then antenna measurements may be taken
in the near field.
4.3 Anechoic chamber
4.3.1 General
An anechoic chamber is a well shielded chamber covered inside with radio frequency absorbing material
and simulating a free space environment. Absolute or relative measurements can be performed. Absolute
measurements of field strength require the anechoic chamber to be calibrated. This is the type of chamber
often used for immunity measurements.
4.3.2 Description
An anechoic chamber shall meet appropriate requirements for shielding effectiveness and wall return loss.
Figure 1 shows an example of such requirements. Figure 2 shows an example of the construction of an
anechoic chamber having a base area of 5 m by 10 m and a height of 5 m, usually used for Electro
Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) measurements. The ceiling and walls are coated with pyramidal-formed
absorbers approximately 1 m high. The base is covered with special absorbers which form the floor. The

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ETS 300 456: November 1995
available internal dimensions of the chamber are 3 m by 8 m by 3 m, so that a maximum measuring
distance of 5 m in the middle axis of this chamber is available. The floor absorbers reject floor reflections
so that the test antenna height need not be changed during the calibration procedures. Figure 3 shows an
example of a chamber that can be used for higher frequencies. Anechoic chambers of other dimensions
may be used.
a (dB)
Minimum shielding effectiveness
Limit of the return loss
f (Hz)
0 / /
10k 100k 1M 10M 30M 100M 300M 1G 4G 10G
Interfering field strength 0,1 μA/m
Interfering field strength
μV/m
30 0,5 μV/m
where: a is attenuation;
f is frequency.
Figure 1: Example of an anechoic shielded chamber for simulated free-space measurements

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ETS 300 456: November 1995
10 m
Measuring
Equipment
Measurement distance
antenna
under test
5 m
- Non-conductive turntable
Non-conductive surface
1 m
Ground plan
Measurement distance
5 m
- Non-conductive turntable
Absorbers
Room without absorbers
Filter blocks
for the test instrumentation
and coaxial
(shielded recommended)
feedthrough
Figure 2: Example of an anechoic shielded chamber for simulated free-space
measurements below 3 GHz
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ETS 300 456: November 1995
Test
EUT
Antenna
Ground plan
Test
EUT
Antenna
Absorbers
Room without absorbers
Filter blocks
for the test instrumentation
and coaxial
(shielded recommended)
feedthrough
Figure 3: Example of an anechoic shielded chamber for simulated free-space
measurements above 3 GHz
4.3.3 Parasitic reflections
For free-space propagation in the far field the relationship between the field strength and the distance is
given by:
X = X x (R /R),
o o
where:
X is the field strength;
X is the reference field strength;
o
R is the reference distance;
o
R is the distance.
This relationship allows relative measurements to be made as all constants are eliminated within the ratio
and neither cable attenuation nor antenna mismatch or antenna dimensions are of importance.

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ETS 300 456: November 1995
If the logarithm of the foregoing equation is used, the deviation from the ideal curve can be easily seen
because the ideal correlation of field strength and distance appears as a straight line. The deviations
occurring in practice are then clearly visible. This indirect method shows quickly and easily any
disturbances due to reflections and is far less difficult than the direct measurement of reflection
attenuation.
With an anechoic chamber of the dimensions given in figure 2 at frequencies below 100 MHz there are no
far field conditions, but the wall reflections are stronger, so that careful calibration is necessary. In the
frequency range from 100 MHz to 1 GHz the dependence of the field strength to the distance meets
expectations very well. Above 1 GHz, because more reflections will occur, the dependence of the field
strength to the distance will not correlate so closely.
It is for this reason that the size of the anechoic chamber in relation to the required frequency range and
the physical size of the equipment to be tested are of importance.
4.4 Open area test site
4.4.1 General
This test site shall be such that any covering or environmental protection as well as the site itself shall be
transparent to electromagnetic waves at the frequencies under consideration. Absolute or relative
measurements can be performed. Absolute measurements of field strength require the open area test site
to be calibrated.
4.4.2 Description
2F
F = 10 or 30 m
3 F
Measuring
EUT
antenna
Boundary of area defined by an ellipse
Figure 4: Open area test site arrangement
Figure 4 shows the arrangement of the test site which shall be void of buildings, electric lines, fences,
trees etc. and be level. A reflecting ground plane shall be installed, if required to assist the reflectivity of
the natural terrain and to avoid reflectivity changes due to environmental conditions or time. If an open
area test site is constructed of wire mesh or aluminium mesh then a solid metal ground plane of total
width at least 3 m and length 6 m towards the measuring antenna shall be placed from the centre of the
turntable for the measurement of frequencies above 1 GHz. The site shall have an obstruction free area
surrounding it. This obstruction free area shall be large enough so that scatterers from outside the
obstruction-free area will have little effect on the fields measured by the measuring antenna.

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ETS 300 456: November 1995
Measuring
Antenna
EUT
1 to 4 m
h
10 or 30 m
Figure 5: Schematic of equipment in relation to ground plane
Figure 5 shows the location of the equipment and ground plane. The height of the EUT (h) shall be as
specified for each test. The height of the measuring antenna can be changed to allow both the direct and
reflected waves to be combined.
4.5 Compact antenna test range
4.5.1 General
A compact test range is a large anechoic chamber in which, with the use of reflectors, it is possible to
simulate the far field obtainable on an outdoor far-field test site. These reflectors are very accurately
profiled large metal plates which are optically aligned with each other.
4.5.2 Description
Figure 6 shows the general arrangement of the test range which is one in which the receiving antenna is
illuminated by the collimated energy in the aperture of a larger point or line focus antenna. The linear
dimensions of the reflectors are usually chosen to be at least three times that of the antenna that they are
illuminating, or are being illuminated by, so that the illumination sufficiently approximates a plane wave. To
suppress any direct radiation from the feed antenna in the direction of the test region the reflectors are
designed with long focal lengths. The use of relatively long focal length reflectors has the additional
advantage that for a given size reflector the depolarisation effect associated with curved reflectors is
reduced. Diffraction from the edges of the reflectors is reduced by designing the reflectors with serration
around the edges. High quality absorbing material is placed between the two antennas to absorb the
unwanted radiation. The structure holding the test antenna can be moved both sideways and forwards and
backwards in order to further reduce any direct coupling between the antennas.
In order to obtain good results with a compact range the reflectors should be constructed with sufficient
accuracy. Small deviations in the fabricated reflector surface can result in significant variations in the
amplitude and phase distribution of the incident field at the receiving antenna. To assess the effect of
surface deviations not only their shapes and maximum deviations should be noted but, also very
importantly, their areas. For example, if the reflector has small deviations that do not exceed λ/100 and
their individual sizes are also small (less than one square wavelength), then the integrated effect of all the
deviations over the entire reflector will be quite small, and hence a fairly uniform amplitude distribution of
the incident field over the receiving antenna will be obtained. On the other hand, suppose that a reflector
had a single surface deviation near the centre of the reflector, extending over an area comparable to 1
Fresnel zone. In this case a very significant change in the incident field would occur. It is obvious therefore
that the reflectors should be fabricated with great care.
The compact test range can be evaluated in the same manner as conventional ranges by the use of field
probing techniques. Since the illuminating field is obtained by the reflection from curved surfaces some
depolarisation is to be expected. The field probing should, therefore, include measurements of polarisation
as well as amplitude and phase, especially if the measurements to be made depend upon the polarisation
characteristics of the illuminating field.

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ETS 300 456: November 1995
Absorber
Reflectors
EUT
Horn test antenna
Figure 6: Compact antenna test range
4.6 Semi-anechoic chamber
A semi-anechoic chamber has one difference to an anechoic chamber as described in subclause 4.3.
This difference is that the absorbers and any non-conductive surfaces are removed from the floor. The
floor of a semi-anechoic chamber shall consist of a reflective ground plane.
4.7 Power supplies
During the test period the power supplies used shall not exceed the limits stated in table 1 (see also
IEC 510-1 [3], clauses 5 and 6). The harmonic components are those components that deviate from the
instantaneous value of the fundamental wave, the limit quoted is in respect of the difference in the
amplitude of those components and the amplitude of the fundamental wave.
Table 1: Power supply limits
Parameter Limit
Voltage ± 2 %
Frequency ± 2 %
Harmonic components 5 %
4.8 Test equipment
4.8.1 General
All test equipment utilised for any test shall be within its stated calibration period and be operated within
the test equipment manufacturer's declared operating conditions and procedures.
4.8.2 Measuring and test antenna
When the test site is used for radiation measurements the measuring antenna is used to detect the field
from both the EUT and the substitution antenna when called for in the relevant test method.

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ETS 300 456: November 1995
When the test site is used for the measurement of receiver characteristics and, possibly, antenna
measurements, the test antenna is used for transmission.
For frequencies between 80 MHz and 1 GHz the measuring antenna shall be a balanced dipole which
shall be resonant in length. For frequencies below 80 MHz it shall have a length equal to the 80 MHz
resonant length and shall be tuned and matched to the feeder by a suitable transforming device. For
frequencies above 1 GHz the antenna shall be a horn radiator of known gain/frequency characteristics.
When used for reception the antenna and any associated amplification system shall have an
amplitude/frequency response within ± 2 dB of the combined calibration curves across the measurement
frequency range considered for the antenna. The antenna is mounted on a support capable of allowing the
antenna to be used in either horizontal or vertical polarisation and at the specified height.
4.8.3 Substitution antenna
The substitution antenna is used to replace the EUT when called for in the relevant test method. For
measurements below 1 GHz the substitution antenna shall be a half wavelength dipole resonant at the
frequency under consideration, or a shortened dipole, calibrated to the half wavelength dipole. For
measurements above 1 GHz a calibrated horn radiator shall be used. The centre of this antenna shall
coincide with the centre of the smallest circular cylinder encompassing the EUT it has replaced.
4.8.4 Test load
The test load is used to terminate the High Power Amplifier (HPA) when called for in the relevant test
methods, and shall be capable of absorbing the maximum power produced by the HPA without
measurable radiation. It shall be of sufficient size and have enough cooling capacity to satisfy this
requirement.
4.8.5 Measuring receiver/Spectrum analyser
For measurements below 1 GHz the measuring receiver shall conform to the following characteristics:
- the response to a constant amplitude sine wave signal shall remain within ± 1 dB across the
frequency range of interest;
- quasi-peak detection shall be used in a - 6 dB bandwidth of 120 kHz;
- the receiver shall be operated at more than 1 dB below the compression point during
tests/measurements.
For measurements above 1 GHz the spectrum analyser shall conform to the following characteristics:
- the response to a constant amplitude sine wave signal shall remain within ± 4 dB across the
frequency range of interest;
The spectrum analyser shall conform to the following characteristics:
- the sweep time shall be capable of being varied between 0,1 s and 10 s;
- the resolution filter shall have a - 3 dB bandwidth of 100 kHz and a - 60 dB/- 3 dB shape factor of ≤
15:1;
- screening effectiveness shall be at least 60 dB;
- the spectrum analyser shall be operated at more than 1 dB below the compression point during
tests/measurements.
4.8.6 Input filter
A suitable filter should be provided in order to protect the input circuitry of the spectrum analyser and/or
selective voltmeter from damage or overloading due to the presence of the strong fundamental produced
by the EUT transmitter. The filter should not reduce the dynamic range of the protected test equipment.

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ETS 300 456: November 1995
4.8.7 Screening
The screening performance of all measuring equipment and interconnecting cables shall be in conformity
with CISPR 16-1 [4], section one, subclause 2.8 over the frequency range of operation of that piece of test
equipment.
4.9 Environmental conditions
All tests shall be performed under environmental conditions within those which the indoor unit and outdoor
unit of the EUT are designed to operate.
4.10 Test results and test report
4.10.1 Test results
The test results shall be classified on the basis of the specification for the EUT as either:
a) normal performance within the specified limits;
b) temporary degradation or loss of function or performance which is self-recoverable;
c) temporary degradation or loss of function or performance which requires operator intervention or
system reset;
d) degradation or loss of function which is not recoverable due to damage to equipment or software, or
loss of data.
The measurement value related to the corresponding limit shall be used to decide whether an equipment
meets the requirements of the relevant standard.
4.10.2 Measurement uncertainty
The values of measurement uncertainty associated with each measurement parameter apply to all of the
test cases described in this ETS. The measurement uncertainties shall not exceed the values shown in
table 2.
Table 2: Measurement uncertainty
Measurement parameter Uncertainty
RF frequency ± 10 kHz
RF power ± 0,75 dB
Conducted spurious ± 4 dB
Radiated spurious ± 4 dB
Antenna gain ± 2 dB
Polarisation discrimination ± 2 dB
4.10.3 Test report
A test report containing details of
...