ETSI ETS 300 175-2 ed.1 (1992-10)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital European Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) Common interface Part 2: Physical layer35.100.10Physical layer33.070.30'(&7Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT)ICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:ETS 300 175-2 Edition 1SIST ETS 300 175-2 E1:2003en01-december-2003SIST ETS 300 175-2 E1:2003SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEANETS 300 175-2TELECOMMUNICATIONOctober 1992STANDARDSource: ETSI TC-RESReference: DE/RES-3001-2ICS:33.060Key words:DECTRadio Equipment and Systems (RES);Digital European Cordless Telecommunications (DECT)Common interfacePart 2: Physical layerETSIEuropean Telecommunications Standards InstituteETSI SecretariatPostal address: F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCEOffice address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCEX.400: c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - Internet: secretariat@etsi.frTel.: +33 92 94 42 00 - Fax: +33 93 65 47 16Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and theforegoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1992. All rights reserved.SIST ETS 300 175-2 E1:2003New presentation - see History box

Page 2ETS 300 175-2: October 1992Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to"ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.SIST ETS 300 175-2 E1:2003

Page 3ETS 300 175-2: October 1992ContentsForeword.71Scope.92Normative references.93Definitions and abbreviations.103.1Definitions.103.2Abbreviations.134Physical layer services.144.1RF channels (access in frequency).154.1.1Nominal position of RF carriers.154.1.2Accuracy and stability of RF carriers.154.2TDMA structure (access in time).154.2.1Frame, full-slot, and half-slot structure.154.2.2Reference timer accuracy and stability.164.2.3RFP transmission jitter.174.2.4PP reference timer synchronisation.174.2.5System synchronisation.174.2.6Inter-system synchronisation.184.2.7Reference timer adjustment for synchronisation.184.3Cells (access in space).184.4Physical packets.184.4.1The short physical packet P00.184.4.2The basic physical packet P32.194.4.3The low capacity physical packet P08j.194.4.4The high capacity physical packet P80.194.5Physical channels.194.5.1Ra(K, L, M, N) notation.204.5.2The short physical channel R00(K,L,M,N).204.5.3The basic physical channel R32(K,L,M,N).204.5.4The low-rate physical channel R08j(K,L,M,N).214.5.5The high capacity physical channel R80(K,L,M,N).214.6Synchronisation field S.214.7D-field.224.7.1Physical packet P00.224.7.2Physical packet P32.224.7.3Physical packet P08j.224.7.4Physical packet P80.234.8Z-field.235Transmission of physical packets.235.1Definitions.235.1.1End of the physical packet.235.1.2Transmitted power.235.1.3Normal Transmitted Power (NTP).245.2Transmission burst.245.2.1Transmitter attack time.245.2.2Transmitter release time.245.2.3Minimum power.245.2.4Maximum power.245.2.5Maintenance of transmission after packet end.245.2.6Transmitter idle power output.25SIST ETS 300 175-2 E1:2003

Page 4ETS 300 175-2: October 19925.3Transmitted power.255.3.1Peak power per transceiver.255.3.1.1PP and RFP with an integral antenna.255.3.1.2PP and RFP with external connections for all antennas.255.3.2Maximum EIRP and number of transceivers.255.4RF carrier modulation.255.4.1Modulation method.255.4.2Definition of "1" and "0".265.4.3Deviation limits.265.5Unwanted RF power radiation.265.5.1Emissions due to modulation.265.5.2Emissions due to transmitter transients.275.5.3Emissions due to intermodulation.275.5.4Spurious emissions when allocated a transmit channel.276Reception of physical packets.286.1Definitions and conditions for Clause 6.286.1.1Power levels and field strength.286.1.2Test conditions.286.1.3Reference DECT radio endpoint.286.2Radio receiver sensitivity.296.3Radio receiver reference bit error rate.296.4Radio receiver interference performance.296.5Radio receiver blocking.296.5.1Owing to signals occurring at the same time but on other frequencies.296.5.2Owing to signals occurring at a different time.306.6Receiver intermodulation performance.306.7Spurious emissions when not allocated a transmit channel.306.7.1Out of band.306.7.2In the DECT band.307Primitives between physical layer and other entities.307.1Medium access control layer (D-SAP).317.1.1PL-TX {req}.317.1.2PL-RX {req,cfm}.317.1.3PL-FREQ_ADJ {req,}.327.2Management entity (PM-SAP).327.2.1PL-ME-SYNC {req,cfm}.327.2.2PL-ME-SIG_STR {req,cfm}.327.2.3PL-ME-TIME_ADJ {req,cfm}.338Physical layer procedures.338.1Addition of synchronisation field and transmission.338.2Packet reception and removal of synchronisation field.338.3Measurement of signal strength.348.4Synchronisation pulse detection.348.5Timing adjustment.348.6Frequency adjustment.349Management entity procedures related to physical layer.349.1List of quietest physical channels.349.2Physical channels with greatest field strength (PP only).359.3Extract timing.35Annex A (normative):Safety requirements.36A.1Recommendation.36A.2Safety distances.36SIST ETS 300 175-2 E1:2003

Page 5ETS 300 175-2: October 1992Annex B (informative):Public Access Profile: Mandatory requirements regarding the physical layer.37B.1Minimum Normal Transmit Power (NTP).37B.2Radio receiver sensitivity.37B.3Z-field.37B.4Sliding collision detection.37Annex C (normative):Synchronisation port.38History.39SIST ETS 300 175-2 E1:2003

Page 6ETS 300 175-2: October 1992Blank pageSIST ETS 300 175-2 E1:2003

Page 7ETS 300 175-2: October 1992ForewordThis European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) has been produced by the Radio Equipment andSystems (RES) Technical Committee of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), andwas adopted, having passed through the ETSI standards approval procedure (Public Enquiry 23: 1991-09-02 to 1991-12-27, Vote 22: 1992-05-25 to 1992-07-17).Annexes A and C to this ETS are normative. Annex B to this ETS is informative.The technical arrangements for the DECT Common Interface are likely to become mandatory requirementswithin the European Community as a consequence of a forthcoming directive.Further details of the DECT system may be found in the ETSI Technical Reports, ETR 015 [16] and ETR043 [15], and also in the draft Technical Report, "Digital European Cordless Telecommunications; SystemDescription Document" [17].SIST ETS 300 175-2 E1:2003

Page 8ETS 300 175-2: October 1992Blank pageSIST ETS 300 175-2 E1:2003

Page 9ETS 300 175-2: October 19921ScopeThis part of the Digital European Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) Common Interface specifies thephysical channel arrangements. It is part 2 of a series of 9. DECT physical channels are radiocommunication paths between two radio endpoints. A radio endpoint is either part of the fixedinfrastructure or a portable part, typically a handset. The assignment of one or more particular physicalchannels to a call is the task of higher layers.The physical layer interfaces with the medium access control layer, and with the lower layer managemententity. On the other side of the physical layer is the radio transmission medium which has to be sharedextensively with other DECT users and a wide variety of other radio services. The tasks of the physicallayer can be grouped into five categories:a)to modulate and demodulate radio carriers with a bit stream of a defined rate to create a radiofrequency channel;b)to acquire and maintain bit and slot synchronisation between transmitters and receivers;c)to transmit or receive a defined number of bits at a requested time and on a particular frequency;d)to add and remove the synchronisation field and the Z-field used for rear end collision detection;e)to observe the radio environment to report signal strengths.2Normative referencesThis European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) incorporates, by dated or undated reference,provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in thetext and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, orrevisions of, any of these publications apply to this ETS only when incorporated in it by amendment orrevision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.[1]ETS 300 175-1: "Radio Equipment and Systems; Digital European CordlessTelecommunications (DECT) Common Interface Part 1: Overview".[2]ETS 300 175-2: "Radio Equipment and Systems; Digital European CordlessTelecommunications (DECT) Common Interface Part 2: Physical layer".[3]ETS 300 175-3: "Radio Equipment and Systems; Digital European CordlessTelecommunications (DECT) Common Interface Part 3: Medium access controllayer".[4]ETS 300 175-4: "Radio Equipment and Systems; Digital European CordlessTelecommunications (DECT) Common Interface Part 4: Data link control layer".[5]ETS 300 175-5: "Radio Equipment and Systems; Digital European CordlessTelecommunications (DECT) Common Interface Part 5: Network layer".[6]ETS 300 175-6: "Radio Equipment and Systems; Digital European CordlessTelecommunications (DECT) Common Interface Part 6: Identities andaddressing".[7]ETS 300 175-7: "Radio Equipment and Systems; Digital European CordlessTelecommunications (DECT) Common Interface Part 7: Security features".[8]ETS 300 175-8: "Radio Equipment and Systems; Digital European CordlessTelecommunications (DECT) Common Interface Part 8: Speech coding andtransmission".SIST ETS 300 175-2 E1:2003

Page 10ETS 300 175-2: October 1992[9]ETS 300 175-9: "Radio Equipment and Systems; Digital European CordlessTelecommunications (DECT) Common Interface Part 9: Public access profile".[10]Reserved.[11]Reserved.[12]I-ETS 300 176: "Radio Equipment and Systems; Digital European CordlessTelecommunications (DECT) Approval test specification".[13]Reserved for future ETS version of [12].[14]CEPT Recommendation T/SGT SF2 (89) 6/0: "Draft Recommendation T/SFServices and Facilities of Digital European Cordless Telecommunications".[15]ETR 043: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital European CordlessTelecommunications (DECT) Common interface Services and facilitiesrequirements specification".[16]ETR 015: "Digital European Cordless Telecommunications ReferenceDocument".[17]Draft Technical Report: "Digital European Cordless Telecommunications SystemDescription Document".[18]ETR 042: "Radio Equipment and Systems; Digital European CordlessTelecommunications (DECT), A guide to DECT features that influence the trafficcapacity and the maintenance of high radio link transmission quality, includingresults of simulations".[19]Reserved for future DECT document.[20]International Non-Ionizing Radiation Committee of the International RadiationProtection Association (IRPA 1988): "Guide-lines on limits of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in the frequency range from 100 kHz to 300GHz".[21]M.A. Stuchly (1987): "Proposed revision of the Canadian recommendations onradio frequency-exposure protection" (Health Physics, Vol. 53, N° 6).3Definitions and abbreviationsFor the purposes of this ETS the following definitions apply:NOTE:Some definitions include a footnote in italics. This is included to aid understanding.3.1DefinitionsAntenna diversity: implies that the Radio Fixed Part (RFP) for each bearer independently can selectdifferent antenna properties such as gain, polarisation, coverage patterns, and other features that mayeffect the practical coverage. A typical example is space diversity, provided by two vertically polarizedantennas separated by 10 - 20 cm.Cell: the domain served by a single antenna(e) system (including a leaky feeder) of one fixed part.NOTE:A cell may include more than one source of radiated energy (i.e. more than one radioendpoint).SIST ETS 300 175-2 E1:2003

Page 11ETS 300 175-2: October 1992Central Control Fixed Part (CCFP): a physical grouping that contains the central elements of a fixed part.A fixed part shall contain a maximum of one CCFP.NOTE:A CCFP controls one or more RFPs.Channel: see physical channel.Cluster: a logical grouping of one or more cells between which bearer handover is possible. A clustercontrol function controls one cluster.NOTE:Internal handover to a cell which is not part of the same cluster can only be done byconnection handover.Connection Oriented Mode (C/O): a transmission mode that transfers data from one source point to oneor more destination points using a protocol based on three phases: "set-up", "data transfer" and "release".NOTE:Connection oriented mode requires no prearranged associations between peer entities(unlike C/L mode).Coverage area: the area over which reliable communication can be established and maintained.Dect NetWork (DNW): a network that uses the DECT air interface to interconnect a local network to oneor more portable applications. The logical boundaries of the DECT network are defined to be at the top ofthe DECT network layer.NOTE:A DECT NetWork (DNW) is a logical grouping that contains one or more fixed radioterminations plus their associated portable radio termination. The boundaries of theDECT NetWork are not physical boundaries.Double-simplex bearer: the use of two simplex bearers operating in the same direction on two physicalchannels. These pairs of channels shall always use the same Radio Frequency (RF) carrier and shallalways use evenly spaced slots (i.e. separated by 0,5 TDMA frame).A double-simplex bearer shall only exist as part of a multibearer Medium Access Control (MAC)connection.Double slot (slot): one 12th of a TDMA frame which is used to support one high capacity physicalchannel.Down-link: transmission in the direction Fixed radio Termination (FT) to Portable radio Termination (PT).Duplex bearer: the use of two simplex bearers operating in opposite directions on two physical channels.These pairs of channels shall always use the same RF carrier and shall always use evenly spaced slots(i.e. separated by 0,5 TDMA frame).Fixed Part (DECT Fixed Part) (FP): a physical grouping that contains all of the elements in the DECTnetwork between the local network and the DECT air interface.NOTE:A DECT fixed part contains the logical elements of at least one fixed radio termination,plus additional implementation specific elements.Fixed radio Termination (FT): a logical group of functions that contains all of the DECT processes andprocedures on the fixed side of the DECT air interface.NOTE:A fixed radio termination only includes elements that are defined in the DECT CIstandard. This includes radio transmission elements (layer 1) together with a selectionof layer 2 and layer 3 elements.Frame: see TDMA frame or Data Link Control (DLC) frame.SIST ETS 300 175-2 E1:2003

Page 12ETS 300 175-2: October 1992Full slot (slot): one 24th of a TDMA frame which is used to support one physical channel.Guard space: the nominal interval between the end of a radio transmission in a given slot, and the start ofa radio transmission in the next successive slot.NOTE:This interval is included at the end of every slot, in order to prevent adjacenttransmissions from overlapping even when they originate with slightly different timingreferences (e.g. from different radio endpoints).Half slot: one 48th of a TDMA frame which is used to support one physical channel.Handover: the process of switching a call in progress from one physical channel to another physicalchannel. These processes can be internal (see internal handover) or external (see external handover).NOTE:There are two physical forms of handover: Intra-cell handover and inter-cell handover.Intra-cell handover is always internal. Inter-cell handover can be internal or external.Inter-cell handover: the switching of a call in progress from one cell to another cell.Intra-cell handover: the switching of a call in progress from one physical channel of one cell to anotherphysical channel of the same cell.Lower Layer Management Entity (LLME): a management entity that spans a number of lower layers,and is used to describe all control activities which do not follow the rules of layering.NOTE:The DECT LLME spans the network layer, the DLC layer, the MAC layer and thephysical layer.Multiframe: a repeating sequence of 16 successive TDMA frames, that allows low rate or sporadicinformation to be multiplexed (e.g. basic system information or paging).Physical Channel (Channel): the simplex channel that is created by transmitting in one particular slot onone particular RF channel in successive TDMA frames. See also simplex bearer.NOTE:One physical channel provides a simplex service. Two physical channels are required toprovide a duplex service.Portable Part (PP): a physical grouping that contains all elements between the user and the DECT airinterface. Portable part is a generic term that may describe one or several physical pieces.NOTE:A DECT portable part is logically divided into one portable termination plus one or moreportable applications.Portable radio Termination (PT): a logical group of functions that contains all of the DECT processesand procedures on the portable side of the DECT air interface.NOTE:A portable radio termination only includes elements that are defined in the ETS 300175. This includes radio transmission elements (layer 1) together with a selection oflayer 2 and layer 3 elements.Public Access Profile (PAP): a defined part of the ETS 300 175 that ensures interoperability betweenfixed parts and portable parts for public access services.Public access service: a service that provides access to a public network for the general public.NOTE:The term does not imply any legal or regulatory aspect, nor does it imply any aspectsof ownership.Radio channel: no defined meaning. See RF channel or physical channel.SIST ETS 300 175-2 E1:2003

Page 13ETS 300 175-2: October 1992Radio End Point (REP): a physical grouping that contains one radio transceiver (transmitter/receiver),fixed or portable.Radio Fixed Part (RFP): one physical sub-group of a fixed part that contains all the radio end points (oneor more) that are connected to a single system of antennas.RF carrier (carrier): the centre frequency occupied by one DECT transmission.RF channel: the nominal range of frequencies (RF spectrum) allocated to the DECT transmissions of asingle RF carrier.Simplex bearer: a simplex bearer is the MAC layer service that is created using one physical channel.See also duplex bearer and double simplex bearer.Single Radio Fixed Part (SRFP): a radio fixed part that contains only one radio endpoint.NOTE:The SRFP is defined for DECT system analysis. Unless otherwise stated, a SRFP isassumed to support multiple calls, and is limited only by the capacity of its single radioend point.TDMA frame: a time-division multiplex of 10 ms duration containing 24 successive full slots. A TDMAframe starts with the first bit period of full slot 0 and ends with the last bit period of full slot 23.3.2AbbreviationsFor the purposes of this ETS the following abbreviations apply:ACPAdjacent Channel Power. The transmitted power that spills over into an adjacentRF channelACKACKnowledgementCCFPCentral Control Fixed Part. See definitionsCCITT(The) International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative CommitteeCICommon Interface (standard)dBcdB relative to the peak power of an unmodulated carrierdBmdB relative to 1 milliwattDECTDigital European Cordless TelecommunicationsDLCData Link Control. Layer 2b of the DECT protocol stackEIRPEffective Isotropic Radiated PowerERPEffective Radiated PowerFPFixed Part. See definitionsFTFixed radio Termination. See definitionsGFSKGaussian Frequency Shift KeyingGMSKGaussian Minimum Shift KeyingLLMELower Layer Management Entity. See definitionsSIST ETS 300 175-2 E1:2003

Page 14ETS 300 175-2: October 1992MACMedium Access Control. Layer 2a of the DECT protocol stackPHLPHysical Layer 1 of the DECT protocol stackPHSPortable HandSet. See definitionsPPPortable Part. See definitionsppmparts per millionPTPortable radio Termination. See definitionsREPRadio End Point. See definitionsRFRadio FrequencyRFPRadio Fixed Part. See definitionsRSSIRadio Signal Strength Indicator. A quantitative measure of the RF signal strengthof one RF channelSARSpecific Absorbtion RateTDDTime Division DuplexTDMATime Division Multiple Access4Physical layer servicesA physical channel provides a simplex bit-pipe between two radio endpoints. To establish, for example, aduplex telephone connection, two physical channels have to be established between the endpoints.Radio spectrum is needed to create a physical channel. The radio spectrum space has three dimensions:geometric (geographic) space, frequency, and time. Spectrum is assigned to physical channels by sharingit in these three dimensions.It is noted that DECT provides a mechanism called "handover", to release a physical channel and toestablish another one in any or all of the three dimensions without releasing the end to end connection.The requirements of this part should be read in conjunction with I-ETS 300 176 [12], the DECT testapproval specification.The requirements specified apply for nominal conditions unless extreme conditions are stated. Tests atextreme conditions may include combinations of limit values of extreme temperature and of power supplyvariation, defined for each case in I-ETS 300 176 [12].Nominal and extreme temperature ranges are defined below:-Nominal temperature:PP, FP, RFP, CCFP+ 15 °C to + 35 °C-Extreme temperature:PP
0 °C to + 40 °CFP, RFP, CCFP, class E1+ 10 °C to + 40 °CFP, RFP, CCFP, class E2-
10 °C to + 55 °CThe environmental class E1 refers to installation in indoor heated and/or cooled areas allowing for personalcomfort, e.g. homes, offices, laboratories or workshops. The environmental class E2 refers to all otherinstallations.SIST ETS 300 175-2 E1:2003

Page 15ETS 300 175-2: October 1992For nominal temperature, each measurement is made at the temperature of the test site, which shall bewithin + 15 °C to + 35 °C. For extreme temperatures, additional measurements are made, at each limitvalue of the extreme temperature.4.1RF channels (access in frequency)4.1.1Nominal position of RF carriersThe radio frequency band allocated to the DECT service shall be 1 880 MHz to 1 900 MHz. Ten RFcarriers shall be placed into this band with centre frequencies Fc, given by:Fc = F0 - c x 1 728 kHzwhereF0 = 1 897,344 MHz;and c = 0, 1, ., 9.The frequency band between Fc - 1 728/2 kHz and Fc + 1 728/2 kHz shall be designated RF channel c.NOTE:A nominal DECT RF carrier is one whose centre frequency is generated by the formula:Fg = F0 - g x 1 728 kHz,where g is any integer.All DECT equipment shall be capable of working on all 10 DECT RF channels.4.1.2Accuracy and stability of RF carriersAt an RFP the transmitted RF carrier frequency corresponding to RF channel c shall be in the rangeFc ± 50 kHz at extreme conditions.At a PP the centre frequency accuracy shall be ± 50 kHz at extreme conditions either relative to anabsolute frequency reference or relative to the received carrier, except that during the first 1 s after thetransition from the idle-locked state to the active-locked state the centre frequency accuracy shall be ± 100kHz at extreme conditions relative to the received carrier.NOTE:The above state transition is defined in ETS 300 175-3 [3].The maximum rate of change of the centre frequency at both the RFP and the PP while transmitting, shallnot exceed 13 kHz/ms.4.2TDMA structure (access in time)4.2.1Frame, full-slot, and half-slot structureTo access the medium in time, a regular time division multiple access structure is used. The structurerepeats in frames of 11 520 bits, and the data is transmitted at a bit rate of 1 152 kbit/s. Within this frame24 full-slots are created, each consisting of two half-slots. A double slot has a length of two full slots, andstarts concurrently with an even numbered full slot. See figures 1, 2, and 3.SIST ETS 300 175-2 E1:2003

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Page 17ETS 300 175-2: October 1992RFPs that can work with more than one duplex pair of physical channels per frame are known as multi-channel RFPs. Single channel RFPs can only work with one duplex pair of physical channels per frame(excluding handover situations).A multi channel RFP shall have its reference timer stability and accuracy better than 5 ppm and better than10 ppm at extreme conditions.A single channel RFP shall have reference timer stability and accuracy better than 10 ppm at extremeconditions.4.2.3RFP transmission jitterThe nominal time when a packet should occur at the RFP antenna is (by this definition) synchronous to theRFP reference timer.The jitter of a RFP packet transmission in a slot refers to the occurrence at the antenna of the start of bitp0 of that packet. The jitter is defined in relation to the reference timer of that RFP.The jitter of a packet transmission shall be less than ± 1 µs at extreme conditions.The jitter between p0 and every other bit in a packet shall be within ± 0,1 µs.NOTE:0,1 µs corresponds to 250 ppm.4.2.4PP reference timer synchronisationA PP shall take its reference timer parameters, including half-slot, full-slot, frame, multi-frame and receiverscan (see synchronisation, ETS 300 175-3 [3]) from any channel of any of the RFPs that it is locked to.It is allowed (but not required) to have more than one PP reference timer.The reference timer used for a PP transmission to a RFP shall be synchronised to packets (see subclause4.4) received from that RFP or from a RFP to which handover (see subclause 4.2.5) is allowed.A reference timer is nominally (by this definition) synchronised to the time when the last packet used forsynchronisation occurred at the PP antenna.When a PP transmits a packet, the start of transmission of bit p0 of the packet shall occur at the PPantenna ± 1 µs at extreme conditions from the nominal transmission time as given by an ideal PP referencetimer with 0 ppm accuracy. An exception is allowed for a dummy bearer change request packettransmission (see ETS 300 175-3 [3], subclause 7.2.5.6 ), when the nominal transmission time shall begiven by the actual PP reference timer.NOTE:The reason for the exception is that a residential PP may need to send the dummybearer change request after a sudden slot theft in the idle locked mode. In this casethe last synchronisation of the reference timer can be more than 16 frame old. For allother packet transmissions, including bearer set up, the synchronisation is normally lessthan one frame old.The jitter between p0 and every other bit in a packet shall be within ± 0,1 µs.Connections to different RFPs are allowed (but not required) to have different reference timers.4.2.5System synchronisationRFPs on the same FP shall be in half-slot, full-slot and frame synchronism. If handover is provided (seeETS 300 175-3 [3] and ETS 300 175-4 [4]), receiver scan and multiframe synchronism is also required.The difference between reference timers of RFPs of the same FP shall be less than 4 µs if handover isprovided between these RFPs.SIST ETS 300 175-2 E1:2003

Page 18ETS 300 175-2: October 1992NOTE 1:Related to its reference timer, the PP or RFP synchronisation window (seeETS 300 175-3 [3]) should be at least ± 7 bits if handover is provided, else at least ± 3bits.NOTE 2:The case "handover" covers the general cases when a PP has physical channels tomore than one RFP.4.2.6Inter-system synchronisationSynchronisation between FPs can be provided via an optional synchronisation port (see Annex C).NOTE:RFPs of synchronised FPs should have geographically unique fixed part MAC identities,FMIDs (see ETS 300 175-6 [6]).4.2.7Reference timer adjustment for synchronisationTo obtain system and inter-system synchronisation, a RFP or PP may alter the length of a single frame byany amount, or, it may alter the length of successive frames by up to 2 bits.4.3Cells (access in space)The third dimension to divide spectrum space is the geographical volume. Propagation losses may allowtime-frequency combinations to be reused in different places.4.4Physical packetsData is transmitted within the frequency, time, and space dimensions using physical packets. Physicalpackets shall be of one of the following types:-short physical packet P00;-basic physical packet P32;-low capacity physical packet P08j;-high capacity physical packet P80.All RFPs shall be capable of transmitting, and all PPs shall be capable of receiving, short physical packetsP00. All radio endpoints shall be capable of transmitting and receiving at least one of the physical packettypes P32, P08j, or P80.Each physical packet contains a synchronisation field S and a data field D. The packets P80, P32 and P08jmay contain an optional collision detection field, Z.4.4.1The short physical packet P00The short physical packet P00 consists of 96 data bits, used for dummy bearer and short slotconnectionless data, transmitted by a RFP.The data bits are denoted p0 to p95 where p0 occurs earlier than p1. When the packet is transmitted, thebeginning of bit p0 coincides with the beginning of bit interval f0 of the full-slot being used. See figure 4.
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Page 19ETS 300 175-2: October 19924.4.2The basic physical packet P32The basic physical packet P32, used in the most common types of connection (e.g. telephony), consists of420 or 424 data bits.The data bits are denoted p0 to p423 where p0 occurs earlier than p1. When the packet is transmitted, thebeginning of bit p0 coincides with the beginning of bit interval f0 of the full-slot being used. See figure 5.
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|<--------------- Packet P32 ----------------->|Figure 5: Basic packet P324.4.3The low capacity physical packet P08jThe low capacity physical packet P08j consists of 180+j or 184+j data bits.The data bits are denoted p0 to p(183+j) where p0 occurs earlier than p1. Depending on the half-slot inuse, the beginning of bit p0 coincides either with the beginning of bit interval f0 or the beginning of bitinterval f240 of the full-slot being used. See figure 6.
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Low capacity packet P08j for j=0.NOTE:Values of j, other than 0, are subject to future standardisation.4.4.4The high capacity physical packet P80The high capacity physical packet P80 consists of 900 or 904 data bits.The data bits are denoted p0 to p903 where p0 occurs earlier than p1. When the packet is transmitted, thebeginning of bit p0 coincides with the beginning of bit interval f0 of the double-slot. Only even slot numbersK are defined. See figure 7.
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|<--------------- Packet P80 ----------------->|Figure 7: High capacity packet P804.5Physical channelsPhysical channels shall be created by transmitting modulated physical packets as described in Clause 5 ona particular RF channel, during a particular time in successive frames, at a particular location. Physicalchannels shall be set up between a PP and a RFP.SIST ETS 300 175-2 E1:2003

Page 20ETS 300 175-2: October 1992It should be noted that one physical channel provides a connectionless, simplex service. A pair of physicalchannels must be used for a duplex speech call.4.5.1Ra(K, L, M, N) notationPhysical channels shall be denoted as Ra(K,L,M,N). The parameters are:a = 00physical packet P00 in use;a = 32physical packet P32 in use;a = 08jphysical packet P08j in use;a = 80physical packet P80 in use;K = {0,.,23}the number of the full-slot in which transmission of the packet starts;L = 0packet transmission starts at bit interval f0;L = 1packet transmission starts at bit interval f240;M = {0,.,9}the number of the RF channel used to transmit the physical packet;Nthe number, Radio fixed Part Number (RPN) (= N), of the radio fixed part usingthe physical channel. This parameter depends on the individual system and maybe meaningless in many cases. It is, however, particularly helpful in describinghandover algorithms.4.5.2The short physical channel R00(K,L,M,N)The short physical channel, given in figure 8, shall be created by transmitting a physical packet P00 duringfull-slot K on carrier M in cell N, where:0 £ K £ 23,L = 0,0 £ M £ 9, andN is arbitrary.Packet P00 shall only be transmitted on full-slot boundaries.
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