ETSI TR 103 319 V1.1.1 (2017-08)

TECHNICAL REPORT
Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN);
5 GHz high performance RLAN;
Mitigation techniques to enable sharing between RLANs
and Road Tolling and Intelligent Transport Systems
in the 5 725 MHz to 5 925 MHz band

2 ETSI TR 103 319 V1.1.1 (2017-08)

Reference
DTR/BRAN-60018
Keywords
broadband, ITS, LAN, radio, transport
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00  Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

Important notice
The present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org/standards-search
The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or
print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any
existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the only prevailing document is the
print of the Portable Document Format (PDF) version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
https://portal.etsi.org/TB/ETSIDeliverableStatus.aspx
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
https://portal.etsi.org/People/CommiteeSupportStaff.aspx
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying
and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI.
The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© ETSI 2017.
All rights reserved.
TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS and the ETSI logo are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP and LTE™ are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and
of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
oneM2M logo is protected for the benefit of its Members.
GSM® and the GSM logo are trademarks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI
3 ETSI TR 103 319 V1.1.1 (2017-08)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 6
Foreword . 6
Modal verbs terminology . 6
Executive Summary . 6
Introduction . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 References . 8
2.1 Normative references . 8
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 11
3.1 Definitions . 11
3.2 Symbols . 11
3.3 Abbreviations . 12
4 Overview of services under study . 13
4.1 Existing/Proposed RLAN . 13
4.1.1 Overview . 13
4.1.2 Existing regulations in the 5 150 MHz to 5 350 MHz and 5 470 MHz to 5 725 MHz bands . 13
4.1.3 Proposal for additional spectrum for RLANs . 14
4.1.4 Technical characteristics . 14
4.2 Transport and Traffic Telematics (TTT) . 15
4.2.1 Overview . 15
4.2.2 Road-tolling applications in the band 5 795 MHz to 5 815 MHz . 15
4.2.3 Technical characteristics . 16
4.3 Transport systems (ITS) . 16
4.3.1 Overview . 16
4.3.2 Transport systems (ITS) in the bands 5 875 MHz to 5 905 MHz, 5 905 MHz to 5 925 MHz and
5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz . 16
4.3.3 Technical characteristics . 18
5 Interference scenarios . 18
5.1 Introduction . 18
5.1.1 Overview . 18
5.1.2 RLAN and Road Tolling (TTT) - description of scenarios . 18
5.1.3 RLAN and ITS - description of scenarios . 19
5.1.4 Proposed evaluation settings . 21
6 Coexistence and mitigation techniques . 22
6.1 Introduction . 22
6.2 Mitigation techniques to enable coexistence of RLAN and road tolling (TTT) . 23
6.3 Detection of road toll stations. 24
6.3.0 Overview . 24
6.3.1 Road toll detector . 24
6.3.2 Detection of road toll stations via ITS-G5 . 24
6.3.3 RLAN beacons . 24
6.3.4 ITS-G5 beacons (coexistence CAMs). 24
6.3.5 Geo-location database . 25
6.4 Mitigation methods to reduce interference to road tolling (TTT). 25
6.4.0 Overview . 25
6.4.1 Vacate/frequency non-use . 25
6.4.2 Transmit power control . 26
6.4.3 Duty cycle limitation . 26
6.4.4 Packet by packet interoperation . 27
6.5 Mitigation techniques to enable coexistence of RLAN and ITS . 27
ETSI
4 ETSI TR 103 319 V1.1.1 (2017-08)
6.5.0 Overview . 27
6.5.1 Energy detection . 27
6.5.2 Detect and mitigate proposal . 27
6.5.3 Detect and vacate . 29
7 Mitigation technique evaluation . 32
7.1 Introduction . 32
7.2 Mitigation techniques to enable coexistence of RLAN and road tolling (TTT) . 33
7.3 Detection of road toll stations. 33
7.3.0 Overview . 33
7.3.1 Road toll detector . 33
7.3.2 Detection of road toll stations via ITS-G5 . 33
7.3.3 RLAN beacons . 33
7.3.4 ITS-G5 beacons (coexistence CAMs). 33
7.3.5 Geo-location database . 34
7.4 Mitigation methods to reduce interference to road tolling . 34
7.4.0 Overview . 34
7.4.1 Vacate/frequency non-use . 34
7.4.2 Transmit power control . 35
7.4.3 Duty cycle limitation . 35
7.4.4 Packet by packet interoperation . 35
7.5 Mitigation techniques to enable coexistence of RLAN and ITS . 35
7.5.0 Overview . 35
7.5.1 Energy detection . 35
7.5.2 Summary of Detect and Mitigate and Detect and Vacate Simulations . 36
7.5.3 Detect and vacate . 38
7.6 Summary . 38
7.7 Recommendations for future work . 38
7.7.1 Overview . 38
7.7.2 General . 38
7.7.3 Road tolling . 38
7.7.4 ITS . 39
Annex A: Duty cycle evaluations of road tolling interference . 41
A.1 Introduction to duty cycle evaluations . 41
A.2 Results from previous investigations. 42
A.3 Evaluated scenarios . 42
A.3.1 Typical parameters for different tollgate types . 42
A.3.2 Relevant RLAN parameters . 43
A.4 Duty cycle evaluations . 43
A.4.1 Evaluation method . 43
A.4.1.1 Interference probability as function of the duty cycle. 43
A.4.1.2 Influence of road traffic statistics . 45
A.4.2 Evaluation results . 45
A.4.2.1 MLFF tollgate . 45
A.4.2.2 Open lane tollgate . 46
A.4.2.3 Single lane tollgate with barrier . 47
Annex B: Evaluations of the proposed ITS protection mechanisms . 48
B.1 Introduction to ITS evaluations . 48
B.2 ITS/RLAN performance analysis for a single intersection with varying topologies/device
densities . 48
B.2.1 Introduction . 48
B.2.2 Simulation scenarios. 48
B.2.3 Physical layer abstractions . 50
B.2.4 Examples of transition period behaviour . 52
B.2.5 Summarized simulation results . 54
B.2.6 Fixed MCS for RLAN . 56
ETSI
5 ETSI TR 103 319 V1.1.1 (2017-08)
B.2.7 Additional scenarios . 57
B.3 Challenges in spectrum sharing between ITS-G5 and RLAN . 72
B.3.1 Introduction . 72
B.3.2 Detection of ITS transmissions . 72
B.3.3 RLAN interference on ITS transmissions after detection . 72
B.3.4 Evaluation of spectrum sharing algorithms in an indoor scenario . 75
B.4 Coexistence between ETSI ITS-G5 and Wi-Fi systems in outdoor and indoor scenarios . 80
B.4.1 Introduction . 80
B.4.2 Evaluation scenario & methodology . 80
B.4.3 Simulation results . 82
B.5 Summary of simulation parameters . 87
B.5.1 Simulation parameters . 87
Annex C: Summary of detect and mitigate parameters . 89
C.1 Detect and mitigate parameters . 89
Annex D: Summary of regulatory parameters for ITS coexistence techniques proposed in the
present document . 91
History . 94

ETSI
6 ETSI TR 103 319 V1.1.1 (2017-08)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Broadband Radio Access Networks
(BRAN).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Executive Summary
The present document contains mitigation technique studies related to RLANs in the 5 795 MHz to 5 815 MHz and
5 855 MHz to 5 925 MHz frequency ranges. These have been triggered by the EC Mandate on 5 GHz [i.1] and by the
activities on WRC-15 Agenda Item 1.1 [i.49] and subsequent work at CEPT. In particular CEPT have requested
clarification on what mitigation techniques RLAN systems intend to employ to protect other systems that presently
operate in the 5 725 MHz to 5 925 MHz band and in adjacent bands.
Some of the parameters within the present document are included in square brackets based upon proposals and
discussions within TC BRAN, these are intended as starting points upon which to continue future work and develop
technical requirements.
At the time of drafting the present document the status of the various sharing and compatibility studies related to Road
Tolling and ITS is as detailed in ECC Report 244 [i.15] and is summarized below:
Compatibility between RLAN and road tolling in the band 5 795 MHz to 5 815 MHz
MCL calculations for both directions of interference have been performed and showed the need for significant
separation distances if compatibility is dependent upon protection to an I/N level of -6 dB. No studies have been
conducted to analyse the actual effects of this I/N level being reached due to intermittent interference.
ETSI
7 ETSI TR 103 319 V1.1.1 (2017-08)
As a result, work on mitigation techniques was initiated at ETSI BRAN which focused on the following approaches,
previously suggested in ECC Report 244 [i.15], to enable the coexistence between RLAN and road-tolling:
• Implementation in RLAN of a detection mechanism to detect road tolling applications based on energy
detection. Under the assumptions considered preliminary analysis indicated that for an RLAN system
operating with 23 dBm/20 MHz a detection threshold of the order of -100 dBm/500 kHz and for a RLAN
system with 23 dBm/160 MHz a detection threshold of the order of -90 dBm/500 kHz would be required for a
reliable detection of road tolling. Further consideration is required, including on the feasibility of such a
detection threshold and its impact on the RLAN operation.
• Transmission from the road tolling applications of predefined signals (beacons) which indicate that the used
channels are busy, similar to one of the mitigation techniques used to facilitate ITS and Road Tolling adjacent
channel coexistence.
• Ensure coexistence with the road tolling systems through the detection of ITS. This is based on the assumption
that there will always be ITS systems in the close vicinity of road-tolling road-side units. Under this approach,
once ITS have been detected by RLAN under the conditions described in clause 2 of ECC Report 244 [i.15],
the road tolling frequency band 5 795 MHz to 5 815 MHz will also be considered as occupied and thus, not
available for RLAN use.
• Use of geo-location database approach. The geo-location database should hold actual information from static
and, due to construction sites, temporary tolling installations. The implementation of such a platform, its
access and its maintenance should be addressed. In addition, the role and responsibilities of the stakeholders
have to be clearly defined.
Compatibility between RLAN and ITS in the bands 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz (non-safety ITS), 5 875 MHz to
5 905 MHz (safety-related ITS) and 5 905 MHz to 5 925 MHz (ITS extension band)
Compatibility considered in the present document includes Wi-Fi and ITS technology as defined in ETSI
EN 302 663 [i.3]. LTE-V2X and LAA technologies as defined in ETSI TS 136 211 [i.10], ETSI TS 136 101 [i.11] and
ETSI TS 136 104 [i.12] are not part of the present document.
MCL calculations for both directions of interference have been performed and showed the need for significant
separation distances if compatibility is dependent upon protection to an I/N level of -6 dB. No studies have been
conducted to analyse the actual effects of this I/N level being reached due to intermittent interference.
As a result, work on mitigation techniques was initiated at ETSI BRAN to help improve the compatibility between
individual RLAN devices and ITS. These studies have focussed on "listen-before-talk" processes, where the potential
interferer tries to detect whether a channel is busy before transmitting a data packet.
Two possible approaches that have been suggested in ECC Report 244 [i.15] are:
• Generic Energy Detection without any consideration of the interferer and victim signal frames: Under the
assumptions considered, preliminary studies show that in the case of an energy detection threshold
of -90 dBm/10 MHz for an RLAN system operating with 23 dBm/20 MHz, an ITS device with
23 dBm/20 MHz is not reliably detected. Further consideration is required, including on the feasibility of such
a detection threshold and its impact on the RLAN operation.
• Combination of energy detection and carrier sensing, such as one of the Clear Channel Assessment (CCA)
modes defined in the IEEE Std. 802.11™-2016 [i.2]. Further study is required to assess the applicability to ITS
of the interference avoidance techniques currently employed in 5 GHz RLAN systems.
Introduction
The present document studies the feasibility and impact on RLAN operation with regards to proposed mitigation
techniques to enable sharing with Road Tolling and Transport equipment within the 5 795 MHz to 5 815 MHz and
5 855 MHz to 5 925 MHz frequency ranges. The report proposes and evaluates mitigation techniques based upon
simulation and analytical investigation. Some of the parameters within the present document are included in square
brackets based upon proposals and discussions within TC BRAN, these are intended as starting points upon which to
continue future work and develop technical requirements. Recommendations for future work are included in clause 7.7.

ETSI
8 ETSI TR 103 319 V1.1.1 (2017-08)
1 Scope
The present document contains mitigation technique studies related to RLAN operation in the 5 795 MHz to 5 815 MHz
and 5 855 MHz to 5 925 MHz frequency ranges. These have been triggered by the EC Mandate on 5 GHz [i.1] and by
the activities on WRC-15 Agenda Item 1.1 [i.49] and subsequent work at CEPT.
Mitigation techniques between RLAN and the following equipment are considered in the present document:
• Road tolling in the bands 5 795 MHz to 5 805 MHz and 5 805 MHz to 5 815 MHz.
• Traffic safety-related applications in the band 5 875 MHz to 5 905 MHz.
• Possible Future extension of ITS spectrum in the band 5 905 MHz to 5 925 MHz. This band is proposed to be
considered for safety-related ITS applications.
• Recommended for ITS non-safety applications in the band 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz.
The only RLAN technology considered in the present document is Wi-Fi as defined under
IEEE Std. 802.11™-2016 [i.2]. The only ITS technology considered in the present document is as defined in ETSI
EN 302 663 [i.3].
The present document is intended to guide further work on coexistence studies in CEPT in order to enable sharing
between RLANs and other equipment using these frequency bands.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] EC Mandate to CEPT on 5 GHz: "Mandate to CEPT to study and identify harmonised
compatibility and sharing conditions for Wireless Access Systems including Radio Local Area
Networks in the bands 5350-5470 MHz and 5725-5925 MHz ('WAS/RLAN extension bands') for
the provision of wireless broadband services".
[i.2] IEEE Std. 802.11™-2016: "IEEE Standard for Information technology--Telecommunications and
information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks--Specific
requirements - Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)
Specifications".
[i.3] ETSI EN 302 663 (V1.2.1) (07-2013): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Access layer
specification for Intelligent Transport Systems operating in the 5 GHz frequency band".
[i.4] Commission Decision 2005/513/EC of 11 July 2005 on the harmonised use of radio spectrum in
the 5 GHz frequency band for the implementation of wireless access systems including radio local
area networks (WAS/RLANs). .
ETSI
9 ETSI TR 103 319 V1.1.1 (2017-08)
[i.5] Commission Decision 2007/90/EC of 12 February 2007 amending Decision 2005/513/EC on the
harmonised use of radio spectrum in the 5 GHz frequency band for the implementation of Wireless
Access Systems including Radio Local Area Networks (WAS/RLANs).
[i.6] ECC/DEC/(04)08: "ECC Decision of 9 July 2004 on the harmonised use of the 5 GHz frequency
bands for the implementation of Wireless Access Systems including Radio Local Area Networks
(WAS/RLANs) (30/10/2009)".
[i.7] Resolution 229: "(WRC-03, Rev. WRC-12) on the use of the bands 5150-5250 MHz,
5250-5350 MHz and 5470-5725 MHz by the mobile service for the implementation of wireless
access systems including radio local area networks".
[i.8] Recommendation ITU-R M.1652: "Dynamic frequency selection in wireless access systems
including radio local area networks for the purpose of protecting the radio-determination service in
the 5 GHz band".
[i.9] ETSI EN 301 893 (V2.1.1) (05-2017): "5 GHz RLAN; Harmonised Standard covering the
essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.10] ETSI TS 136 211 (V13.3.0) (11-2016): "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
(E-UTRA); Physical channels and modulation (3GPP TS 36.211 version 13.3.0 Release 13)".
[i.11] ETSI TS 136 101 (V11.17.0) (09-2016): "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
(E-UTRA); User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception (3GPP TS 36.101
version 11.17.0 Release 11)".
[i.12] ETSI TS 136 104 (V13.5.0) (10-2016): "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
(E-UTRA); Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception (3GPP TS 36.104 version 13.5.0
Release 13)".
[i.13] CEPT Report 57: "Compatibility and sharing conditions for WAS/RLAN in the bands
5350-5470 MHz and 5725-5925 MHz".
[i.14] CEPT Report 64: "To study and identify harmonised compatibility and sharing conditions for
Wireless Access Systems including Radio Local Area Networks in the bands 5350-5470 MHz and
5725-5925 MHz ('WAS/RLAN extension bands') for the provision of wireless broadband
services".
[i.15] ECC Report 244: "Compatibility studies related to RLANs in 5725-5925 MHz".
[i.16] ECC/DEC/(02)01: "ECC Decision of 15 March 2002 on the frequency bands to be designated for
the co-ordinated introduction of Road Transport and Traffic Telematic Systems".
[i.17] ECC/DEC(12)04: "ECC Decision on 02 November 2012 on the withdrawal of ECC Decision
(02)01".
[i.18] Directive 2004/52/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the
interoperability of electronic road toll systems in the Community.
[i.19] ERC Recommendation 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)".
[i.20] ETSI EN 300 674-2-1 (V2.1.1) (09-2016): "Transport and Traffic Telematics (TTT); Dedicated
Short Range Communication (DSRC) transmission equipment (500 kbit/s / 250 kbit/s) operating in
the 5 795 MHz to 5 815 MHz frequency band; Part 2: Harmonised Standard covering the essential
requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU; Sub-part 1: Road Side Units (RSU)".
[i.21] ETSI EN 300 674-2-2 (V2.1.1) (11-12016): "Transport and Traffic Telematics (TTT); Dedicated
Short Range Communication (DSRC) transmission equipment (500 kbit/s / 250 kbit/s) operating in
the 5 795 MHz to 5 815 MHz frequency band; Part 2: Harmonised Standard covering the essential
requirements of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU; Sub-part 2: On-Board Units (OBU)".
[i.22] Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/799 of 18 March 2016 implementing
Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down the
requirements for the construction, testing, installation, operation and repair of tachographs and
their components.
ETSI
10 ETSI TR 103 319 V1.1.1 (2017-08)
[i.23] Directive (EU) 2015/719 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2015
amending Council Directive 96/53/EC laying down for certain road vehicles circulating within the
Community the maximum authorised dimensions in national and international traffic and the
maximum authorised weights in international traffic.
[i.24] ETSI ES 200 674-1 (V2.4.1) (05-2013): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Road Transport and
Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC); Part 1: Technical
characteristics and test methods for High Data Rate (HDR) data transmission equipment operating
in the 5,8 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band".
[i.25] Commission Decision 2008/671/EC of 5 August on the harmonised use of radio spectrum in the
5875-5905 MHz frequency band for safety-related application of Intelligent Transport Systems
(ITS).
[i.26] ECC/REC/(08)01: "Use of the band 5855-5875 MHz for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)".
[i.27] Directive 2010/40/EU on the framework for the deployment of Intelligent Transport Systems in
the field of road transport and for interfaces with other modes of transport.
[i.28] M/453 Standardisation mandate addressed to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI in the field of
information and communication technologies to support the interoperability of co-operative
systems for Intelligent Transport in the European Community.
[i.29] ETSI TR 103 083 (V1.1.1) (03-2014): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); System Reference document (SRdoc); Technical characteristics for pan European
harmonized communications equipment operating in the 5,855 GHz to 5,925 GHz range intended
for road safety and traffic management, and for non-safety related ITS applications".
[i.30] ECC/DEC/(08)01: "ECC Decision of 14 March 2008 on the harmonised use of the 5875-5925
frequency band for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)", approved 14 March 2008 and amended
3 July 2015.
[i.31] ETSI EN 302 571: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Radiocommunications equipment
operating in the 5 855 MHz to 5 925 MHz frequency band; Harmonized EN covering the essential
requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
[i.32] ECC Report 228: "Compatibility Studies between the Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) in the
Band 5 855 MHz to 5 925 MHz and other systems in adjacent bands".
[i.33] ETSI TS 102 792 (V1.2.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Mitigation techniques to avoid
interference between European CEN Dedicated Short Range Communication (CEN DSRC)
equipment and Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) operating in the 5 GHz frequency range".
[i.34] Austrian HGV Tolling System: "EETS OBE Requirements Specification", V1.13, 2015.
[i.35] ETSI TS 102 687 (V1.1.1) (07-2011): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Decentralized
Congestion Control Mechanisms for Intelligent Transport Systems operating in the 5 GHz range;
Access layer part".
[i.36] ETSI TS 102 637-2: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications; Basic Set
of Applications; Part 2: Specification of Cooperative Awareness Basic Service".
[i.37] ETSI TS 102 894-2 (V1.2.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Users and applications
requirements; Part 2: Applications and facilities layer common data dictionary".
[i.38] IEEE 802.11™-03/940r4: "TGn Channel Models", May 2004.
[i.39] Kenney, Barve, Rai and Kanai: "Comparing Communication Performance of DSRC OBEs from
Multiple Suppliers", ITS World Congress 2012.
[i.40] ETSI TC BRAN(16)000078r2 DSRC-RLAN-mitigation-simulations, May 2016.
[i.41] ETSI TC BRAN(16)000081r3 and BRAN(16)000165 Challenges in spectrum sharing between
ITS-G5 and RLAN, September 2016.
[i.42] ETSI TC BRAN(16)000138r4 RLAN-ITS-G5 Coexistence Evaluation, May 2017.
ETSI
11 ETSI TR 103 319 V1.1.1 (2017-08)
[i.43] ETSI TR 102 960 (V1.1.1) (11-2012): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS);Mitigation techniques
to avoid interference between European CEN Dedicated Short Range Communication (RTTT
DSRC) equipment and Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) operating in the 5 GHz frequency
range; Evaluation of mitigation methods and techniques".
[i.44] Mangel, T., Klemp, O. and Hartenstein, H: "5.9 GHz inter-vehicle communication at intersections:
a validated non-line-of-sight path-loss and fading model". EURASIP Journal on Wireless
Communications and Networking, 2011(1), 1-11.
[i.45] WINNER Channel Models, WINNER II Project, D1.1.2 V1.2, 2007.
[i.46] National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation (DOT):
"Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; V2V Communications,
49 CFR Part 571", Docket No. NHTSA-2016-0126, RIN 2127-AL55, January 2017.
[i.47] Irfan Khan and Jérôme Härri: "Can IEEE 802.11p and Wi-Fi Coexist in the 5.9GHz ITS band?",
IEEE 18th International Symposium on A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks
(WoWMoM), Macao, 2017.
[i.48] CAR 2 CAR Communication Consortium: "Coexistence investigations between ETSI ITS and
RLAN in the band 5.855GHz to 5.925GHz", White Paper, 2017.
[i.49] World Radiocommunication Conference 2015 (WRC-15) Agenda.
NOTE: Available at https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-r/oth/12/01/R12010000014A01PDFE.pdf.
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
IEEE 802.11p: amendment to the IEEE 802.11™ standard to add wireless access in vehicular environments, defining
enhancements to 802.11™ (the basis of products marketed as Wi-Fi) required to support ITS applications
observation slot: period during which the operating channel is checked for the presence of ITS transmissions
RLAN devices: 5 GHz wireless access systems (WAS) including RLAN equipment
Transport and Traffic Telematic (TTT): systems in which information and communication technologies are applied
in the field of transport (depending on technical restrictions for road rail, water and air), traffic management, navigation
and mobility management, as well as for interfaces with other modes of transport including communication in vehicles
between vehicles (e.g. vehicle-to-vehicle), and between vehicles and fixed locations (e.g. vehicle-to-infrastructure)
NOTE: In the actual regulatory discussion and documents RTTT is being replaced with TTT, see ERC
Recommendation 70-03 [i.19].
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
t1 to t10  short training symbols
T1, T2 long training symbols
GI, GI2 Guard intervals
ETSI
12 ETSI TR 103 319 V1.1.1 (2017-08)
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
aCWmax Contention Window Maximum corresponding to the underlying PHY
aCWmin Contention Window Minimum corresponding to the underlying PHY
AIFS Arbitration Inter-Frame Spacing
AIFSN AIFS Number
ASECAP Association Européenenne des Concessionnaires d'Autoroutes et d'Ouvrages à Péage European
(Association of Operators of Toll Road Infrastructures)
BER Bit Error Rate
BLL BandLoadLimit
BSM Basic Safety Message
BSS Basic Service Set
CAM Cooperative Awareness Message
CCA Clear Channel Assessment
CCSA Chinese Communications Standards Association
C-ITS Cooperative ITS
CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance
CWmax Contention Window maximum
CWmin Contention Window minimum
D&M Detect and Mitigate
D&V Detect and Vacate
DAM Detect And Mitigate
DAV Detect And Vacate
DCC Decentralized Congestion Control
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropic radiated power
EDCA Enhanced Distributed Channel Access
EETS European Electronic Toll Service
EU European Union
FCS Frame Check Sequence
GMES Global Monitoring for Environment and Security
GNSS Global Na
...