ETSI EN 302 686 V1.1.1 (2011-02)

Harmonized European Standard
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS);
Radiocommunications equipment operating
in the 63 GHz to 64 GHz frequency band;
Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements
of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive

2 ETSI EN 302 686 V1.1.1 (2011-02)

Reference
DEN/ERM-TG37-008
Keywords
ITS, radio, regulation, testing
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00  Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

Important notice
Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org
The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or
perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF).
In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive
within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2011.
All rights reserved.
TM TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS , TIPHON , the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered
for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
LTE™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI currently being registered
for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI
3 ETSI EN 302 686 V1.1.1 (2011-02)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Definitions . 8
3.2 Symbols . 8
3.3 Abbreviations . 8
4 Technical requirements specifications . 9
4.1 General requirements . 9
4.1.1 Receiver category . 9
4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes . 9
4.2.1 Choice of model for testing . 9
4.2.2 Testing of equipment with alternative power levels . 10
4.3 Mechanical and electrical design . 10
4.3.1 General . 10
4.3.2 Controls . 10
4.3.3 Transmitter shut-off facility . 10
4.3.4 Receiver automatic switch-off . 10
4.3.5 Marking (equipment identification) . 10
4.3.5.1 Equipment identification . 10
4.3.5.2 Marking . 10
4.4 Auxiliary test equipment . 10
4.5 General requirements for RF cables . 11
4.6 RF waveguides . 11
4.6.1 Wave Guide Attenuators . 12
4.7 External harmonic mixers . 12
4.7.1 Introduction. 12
4.7.2 Signal identification . 13
4.7.3 Measurement hints . 13
4.8 Interpretation of the measurement results . 14
4.8.1 Conversion loss data and measurement uncertainty . 15
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures . 15
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions . 15
5.2 Test power source . 15
5.2.1 External test power source . 16
5.2.2 Internal test power source . 16
5.3 Normal test conditions . 16
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity . 16
5.3.2 Normal test power source . 16
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage . 16
5.3.2.2 Other power sources . 16
5.4 Extreme test conditions . 17
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures . 17
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages . 17
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage . 17
5.4.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources . 17
5.4.2.3 Power sources using other types of batteries . 17
5.4.2.4 Other power sources . 17
ETSI
4 ETSI EN 302 686 V1.1.1 (2011-02)
6 General conditions . 17
6.1 Normal test signals and test modulation . 17
6.1.1 Normal test signals for data . 18
6.1.2 Product Information . 18
6.1.3 Testing of frequency agile or hopping equipment . 18
6.2 Test sites and general arrangements for radiated measurements . 19
6.2.1 Test fixture . 19
6.2.1.1 Requirements . 19
6.2.1.2 Calibration . 19
6.2.1.3 Test Sites and general arrangement . 20
6.2.1.3.1 Open Area Test Site (OATS) . 20
6.2.1.3.2 Other test sites . 21
6.2.1.3.3 Semi-Anechoic Rooms with a conductive Ground Plane . 21
6.2.1.3.4 Fully Anechoic Rooms (FAR) . 22
6.2.1.3.5 Minimum requirements for test sites for measurements above 18 GHz . 24
6.3 Measuring receiver . 25
6.4 Antennas . 26
6.4.1 Test antenna . 26
6.4.2 Substitution antenna . 26
6.4.3 Signalling antenna . 27
7 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters . 27
7.1 RF output power (mean e.i.r.p.) . 27
7.1.1 Definition . 27
7.1.2 Limit . 27
7.1.3 Conformance. 28
7.2 Permitted range of operating frequencies . 28
7.2.1 Definition . 28
7.2.2 Method of measurement . 28
7.2.3 Method of measurement for equipment using FHSS modulation . 29
7.2.4 Limit . 29
7.3 Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain. 30
7.3.1 Definition . 30
7.3.2 Method of measurement - radiated unwanted emissions . 30
7.3.3 Limits . 31
8 Receiver . . 31
8.1 Unwanted emissions . 31
8.1.1 Definition . 31
8.1.2 Method of measurement radiated unwanted components . 32
8.1.3 Limits . 32
Annex A (normative): HS Requirements and conformance Test specifications Table (HS-
RTT) . 33
Annex B (normative): Radiated measurements . 35
B.1 Substitution method . 35
B.1.1 Principle of the substitution measurement method . 35
B.2 Pre-Substitution method . 36
B.2.1 Principle of radiated power measurement based on site attenuation (Pre-Substitution) . 36
Annex C (informative): Atmospheric absorptions and material dependent attenuations . 38
C.1 Atmospheric absorptions . 38
C.2 Material dependent attenuations . 40
Annex D (informative): The EN title in the official languages . 42
History . 43

ETSI
5 ETSI EN 302 686 V1.1.1 (2011-02)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Harmonized European Standard has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
For non-EU countries, the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes.
The present document has been produced by ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission issued
under Council Directive 98/34/EC (as amended) [i.4] laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the
field of technical standards and regulations.
The present document is intended to become a Harmonized Standard, the reference of which will be published in the
Official Journal of the European Communities referencing the Directive 1999/5/EC [i.9] of the European Parliament
and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual
recognition of their conformity ("the R&TTE Directive").
The requirements relevant to Directive 1999/5/EC [i.9] are summarised in annex A.
Equipment compliant with the present document can be intended for fitment into road vehicles, therefore it is subject to
automotive EMC type approval and Directive 95/54/EC [i.7]. For use on vehicles outside the scope of
Directive 95/54/EC [i.7], compliance with an EMC directive/standard appropriate for that use is required.

National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 31 January 2011
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 April 2011
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 October 2011
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 October 2012

Introduction
The present document is part of a set of standards developed by ETSI and is designed to fit in a modular structure to
cover all radio and telecommunications terminal equipment within the scope of the R&TTE Directive. The modular
structure is shown in EG 201 399 [i.8].
ETSI
6 ETSI EN 302 686 V1.1.1 (2011-02)
1 Scope
The present document applies to corporate communications using radio transmitters and receivers for Intelligent
Transport Systems (ITS). ITS communications may comprise vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-infrastructure and
infrastructure-to-vehicle.
The equipment is comprised of a transmitter and associated encoder and modulator and/or a receiver and associated
demodulator and decoder. The types of equipment covered by the present document are as follows:
• OnBoard Equipment (OBE equipment fitted with an integral or dedicated antenna(s), intended for use in
vehicles, e.g. a road or a rail vehicle).
• Road Side Equipment (RSE equipment fitted with an antenna socket, integral or dedicated antenna(s),
normally used as a fixed station); e.g. a road or rail infrastructure.
These networks operate over a short range with very wideband communications using a variety of directional medium
and high gain antennas to enable a high degree of spectrum reuse, and may use a flexible bandwidth scheme under
which they normally operate in a wideband mode, and periodically reduce their bandwidth (e.g. for antenna training and
other activities).
The technical characteristics of these applications are described in TR 102 400 [i.1], where ITS applications in the
63 GHz to 64 GHz band is described. The present document is also in line with the results of the of the spectrum
compatibility study in the CEPT ECC Report 113 [i.3].
These radio equipment types are capable of operating in all or any part of the frequency bands given in table 1.
Table 1: Radiocommunications service frequency bands
Radiocommunications service frequency bands
Transmit 63 GHz to 64 GHz
Receive 63 GHz to 64 GHz
The present document is intended to cover the provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC [i.9] (R&TTE Directive), article 3.2,
which states that "…. radio equipment shall be so constructed that it effectively uses the spectrum allocated to
terrestrial/space radio communications and orbital resources so as to avoid harmful interference".
In addition to the present document, other ENs that specify technical requirements in respect of essential requirements
under other parts of article 3 of the R&TTE Directive may apply to equipment within the scope of the present
document.
NOTE: A list of such ENs is included on the web site http://www.newapproach.org.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
ETSI
7 ETSI EN 302 686 V1.1.1 (2011-02)
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI TR 100 028 (all parts) (V1.4.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[2] CISPR 16 (2006) (parts 1-1, 1-4 and 1-5): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus and methods; Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus".
[3] ITU-T Recommendation O.153 (1992): "Basic parameters for the measurement of error
performance at bit rates below the primary rate".
[4] ETSI TR 102 273 (all parts) (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and
evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties".
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI TR 102 400 (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD); Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Road Traffic and Transport
Telematics (RTTT); Technical characteristics for communications equipment in the frequency
band from 63 GHz to 64 GHz; System Reference Document".
[i.2] ETSI TS 103 051: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Expanded
measurement uncertainty for the measurement of radiated electromagnetic fields".
[i.3] CEPT ECC Report 113: "Compatibility studies around 63 GHz between Intelligent Transportation
Systems (ITS) and other systems".
[i.4] Directive 98/34/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 June 1998 laying down a
procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations.
[i.5] ETSI TS 103 052: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Radiated
measurement methods and general arrangements for test sites up to 100 GHz".
[i.6] CEPT/ERC Recommendation 74-01 (2005): "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
[i.7] Commission Directive 95/54/EC of 31 October 1995 adapting to technical progress Council
Directive 72/245/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the
suppression of radio interference produced by spark-ignition engines fitted to motor vehicles and
amending Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating
to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers.
[i.8] ETSI EG 201 399: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); A guide to
the production of Harmonized Standards for application under the R&TTE Directive".
[i.9] Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio
equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their
conformity (R&TTE Directive).
[i.10] ITU-R Recommendation P.676-5 (2001): "Attenuation by atmospheric gases".
ETSI
8 ETSI EN 302 686 V1.1.1 (2011-02)
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in the R&TTE Directive [i.9] and the
following apply:
channel separation: minimum separation (in MHz) between the centre frequencies of two adjacent channels in the
channel plan of the radio equipment
environmental profile: declared range of environmental conditions under which equipment within the scope of the
present document is required to be compliant
integral antenna: antenna which is declared to be part of the radio equipment by the supplier
NOTE 1: In some cases, it may not be possible to remove an integral antenna or expose an antenna connector
without changing the output characteristics of the radio equipment.
NOTE 2: Even with an integral antenna, it might still be possible to separate the antenna from the equipment using
a special tool.
mean power: when applied to a modulated signal, this is the power (transmitted or received) in a bandwidth
necessary bandwidth: width of the frequency band which is just sufficient to ensure the transmission of information at
the rate and with the quality required under specified conditions
smart antenna systems: equipment that combines multiple transmit and/or receive antenna elements with a signal
processing function to increase its radiation and/or reception capabilities
NOTE: This includes techniques such as spatial multiplexing, beam forming, cyclic delay diversity, etc.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
dBc spectral density relative to the maximum spectral power density of the transmitted signal
dBm decibel relative to one milliwatt
dBr decibel relative to a given maximum power level
GHz thousand millions of cycles
kHz thousands of cycles
μs millionths of seconds
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power
emf electromagnetic field
EUT Equipment Under Testing
FAR Fully Anechoic Room
FH Frequency Hopping
FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
FMCW Frequency Modulated Carrier Wave
FSK Frequency Shift Keying
FSL Free Space Loss
IF Intermediate Frequency
ITS Intelligent Transport Systems
LO Local Oscillator
NSA Normalized Site Attenuatio
OATS Open Area Test Site
ETSI
9 ETSI EN 302 686 V1.1.1 (2011-02)
PDL spectral Power Density Limit
R&TTE Radio equipment and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
RBw Resolution Bandwidth
RF Radio Frequency
RMS Root Mean Square
Rx Receiver
Tx Transmitter
VBW Video Bandwidth
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 General requirements
4.1.1 Receiver category
For ITS equipment in the scope of the present document, there is no need to distinguish between different receiver
categories.
4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Equipment submitted for testing, where applicable, shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all
frequencies over which it is intended to operate.
Where appropriate, testing shall be carried out on suitable frequencies for the equipment concerned.
If equipment is designed to operate with different carrier powers, measurements of each transmitter parameter shall be
performed at the highest power level at which the transmitter is intended to operate.
Additionally, technical documentation and operating manuals, sufficient to allow testing to be performed, shall be
available.
A test fixture for equipment with an integral antenna may be supplied (see clause 6.2.1).
To simplify and harmonize the testing procedures between the different testing laboratories, measurements shall be
performed, according to the present document, on samples of equipment defined in clause 4.2.1.
These clauses are intended to give confidence that the requirements set out in the present document have been met
without the necessity of performing measurements on all frequencies.
The provider shall declare the frequency range(s), the range of operation conditions and power requirements, as
applicable, in order to establish the appropriate test conditions.
4.2.1 Choice of model for testing
One or more samples of the equipment, as appropriate, shall be tested.
Stand alone equipment shall be tested complete with any ancillary equipment needed for testing.
If equipment has several optional features, considered not to affect the RF parameters then the tests need only to be
performed on the equipment configured with that combination of features considered to be the most complex.
ETSI
10 ETSI EN 302 686 V1.1.1 (2011-02)
4.2.2 Testing of equipment with alternative power levels
If a family of equipment has alternative output power levels provided by the use of separate power modules or add on
stages, or additionally has alternative frequency coverage, then all these shall be declared. Each module or add on stage
shall be tested in combination with the equipment. The necessary samples and tests shall be based on the requirements
of clause 4. As a minimum, measurements of the radiated power (e.i.r.p.) and unwanted emissions shall be performed
for each combination and shall be stated in the test report.
4.3 Mechanical and electrical design
4.3.1 General
The equipment tested shall be designed, constructed and manufactured in accordance with good engineering practice
and with the aim of minimizing harmful interference to other equipment and services.
Transmitters and receivers may be individual or combination units.
4.3.2 Controls
Those controls which, if maladjusted, might increase the interfering potentialities of the equipment shall not be easily
accessible to the user.
4.3.3 Transmitter shut-off facility
If the transmitter is equipped with an automatic transmitter shut-off facility, it should be made inoperative for the
duration of the test. In the case this not possible, a proper test method shall be described and documented.
4.3.4 Receiver automatic switch-off
If the receiver is equipped with a battery-saving circuit for automatic switch-off, this circuit shall be made inoperative
for the duration of the tests. In the case this not possible, a proper test method shall be described and documented.
4.3.5 Marking (equipment identification)
4.3.5.1 Equipment identification
The marking shall include as a minimum:
• the name of the manufacturer or his trademark;
• the type designation.
4.3.5.2 Marking
The equipment shall be marked in a visible place. This marking shall be legible and durable. In cases where the
equipment is too small to carry the marking, it is sufficient to provide the relevant information in the users' manual.
4.4 Auxiliary test equipment
All necessary test signal sources and set-up information shall accompany the equipment when it is submitted for testing.
The following product information shall be provided by the manufacturer:
• the type of modulation technology implemented in the equipment (e.g. FMCW or pulsed);
• the operating frequency range(s) of the equipment;
ETSI
11 ETSI EN 302 686 V1.1.1 (2011-02)
• the intended combination of the transmitter/transceiver and its antenna and their corresponding e.i.r.p. levels in
the main beam;
• the nominal power supply voltages of the radio equipment;
• for FMCW, FH, FSK or similar carrier based modulation schemes, it is important to describe the modulation
parameters in order to ensure that the right settings of the measuring receiver are used. Important parameters
are the modulation period, deviation or dwell times within a modulation period, rate of modulation (Hz/s);
• the implementation of features such as gating, hopping or stepped frequency hopping;
• the implementation of any mitigation techniques such as duty cycle;
• for pulsed equipment, the Pulse Repetition Frequency PRF shall be stated.
4.5 General requirements for RF cables
All RF cables including their connectors at both ends used within the measurement arrangements and set-ups shall be of
coaxial or waveguide type featuring within the frequency range they are used:
• a VSWR of less than 1,2 at either end;
• a shielding loss in excess of 60 dB.
When using coaxial cables for frequencies above 40 GHz attenuation features increase significantly and decrease of
return loss due to mismatching caused by joints at RF connectors and impedance errors shall be considered.
All RF cables and waveguide interconnects shall be routed suitably in order to reduce impacts on antenna radiation
pattern, antenna gain, antenna impedance. Table 2 provides some information about connector systems that can be used
in connection with the cables.
Table 2: Connector systems
Connector System Frequency Recommended coupling torque
N 18 GHz 0,68 Nm to 1,13 Nm
SMA 18 GHz ~ 0,56 Nm
(some up to 26 GHz)
3,50 mm 26,5 GHz 0,8 Nm to 1,1 Nm
2,92 mm 40 GHz 0,8 Nm to 1,1 Nm
(some up to 46 GHz)
2,40 mm 50 GHz 0,8 Nm to 1,1 Nm
(some up to 60 GHz)
1,85 mm 65 GHz 0,8 Nm to1,1 Nm
(some up to 75 GHz)
4.6 RF waveguides
Wired signal transmission in the millimeter range is preferably realized by means of waveguides because they offer low
attenuation and high reproducibility. Unlike coaxial cables, the frequency range in which waveguides can be used is
limited also towards lower frequencies (highpass filter characteristics). Wave propagation in the waveguide is not
possible below a certain cutoff frequency where attenuation of the waveguide is very high. Beyond a certain upper
frequency limit, several wave propagation modes are possible so that the behaviour of the waveguide is no longer
unambiguous. In the unambiguous range of a rectangular waveguide, only H10 waves are capable of propagation.
The dimensions of rectangular and circular waveguides are defined by international standards such as 153-IEC for
various frequency ranges. These frequency ranges are also referred to as waveguide bands. They are designated using
different capital letters depending on the standard. Table 3 provides an overview of the different waveguide bands
together with the designations of the associated waveguides and flanges.
For rectangular waveguides, which are mostly used in measurements, harmonic mixers with matching flanges are
available for extending the frequency coverage of measuring receivers. Table 3 provides some information on
waveguides.
ETSI
12 ETSI EN 302 686 V1.1.1 (2011-02)
Table 3: Waveguide bands and associated waveguides
Designations Internal Designations of frequently used
dimensions of flanges
Frequency waveguide
Band
in GHz UG-XXX/U
MIL- 153- RCSC in MIL-F-
EIA in mm equivalent Remarks
W-85 IEC (British) inches 3922
(reference)
Ka 26,5 to 40,0 3-006 WR-28 R320 WG-22 7,11 x 0,280 x 54-006 UG-559/U Rectangular
3,56 0,140 68-002 Rectangular
67B-005 UG-381/U Round
Q 33,0 to 55,0 3-010 WR-22 R400 WG-23 5,69 x 0,224 x
67B-006 UG-383/U Round
2,84 0,112
U 40,0 to 60,0 3-014 WR-19 R500 WG-24 4,78 x 0,188 x
67B-007 UG-383/U-M Round
2,388 0,094
V 50,0 to 75,0 3-017 WR-15 R620 WG-25 3,759 x 0,148 x
67B-008 UG-385/U Round
1,879 0,074
E 60,0 to 90,0 3-020 WR-12 R740 WG-26 3,099 x 0,122 x
67B-009 UG-387/U Round
1,549 0,061
W 75,0 to 3-023 WR-10 R900 WG-27 2,540 x 0,100 x
67B-010 UG-383/U-M Round
110,0 1,270 0,050
As waveguides are rigid, it is unpractical to set up connections between antenna and measuring receiver with
waveguides. Either a waveguide transition to coaxial cable is used or - at higher frequencies - the harmonic mixer is
used for frequency extension of the measuring receiver and is directly mounted at the antenna.
4.6.1 Wave Guide Attenuators
Due to the fact that external harmonic mixers can only be fed with low RF power it may be necessary to attenuate input
powers in defined manner using wave guide attenuators. These attenuators shall be calibrated and suitable to handle
corresponding powers.
4.7 External harmonic mixers
4.7.1 Introduction
Measuring receivers (test receivers or spectrum analyzers) with coaxial input are commercially available up to 67 GHz.
The frequency range is extended from 40 GHz to 67 GHz up to 100 GHz and beyond by means of external harmonic
mixers. Harmonic mixers are used because the fundamental mixing commonly employed in the lower frequency range
is too complex and expensive or requires components such as preselectors which are not available. Harmonic mixers are
waveguide based and have a frequency range matching the waveguide bands. They must not be used outside these
bands for calibrated measurements.
In harmonic mixers, a harmonic of the local oscillator (LO) is used for signal conversion to a lower intermediate
frequency (IF). The advantage of this method is that the frequency range of the local oscillator may be much lower than
with fundamental mixing, where the LO frequency must be of the same order (with low IF) or much higher (with high
IF) than the input signal (RF).The harmonics are generated in the mixer because of its nonlinearity and are used for
conversion. The signal converted to the IF is coupled out of the line which is also used for feeding the LO signal.
To obtain low conversion loss of the external mixer, the order of the harmonic used for converting the input signal
should be as low as possible. For this, the frequency range of the local oscillator must be as high as possible. LO
frequency ranges are for example 3 GHz to 6 GHz or 7 GHz to 15 GHz. IF frequencies are in the range from 320 MHz
to about 700 MHz. If the measured air interface is wider than the IF bandwidth, then it is advisable to split the
measurement in several frequency ranges, i.e. a one step total RF output power measurement should not be performed.
Because of the great frequency spacing between the LO and the IF signal, the two signals can be separated by means of
a simple diplexer. The diplexer may be realized as part of the mixer or the spectrum analyzer, or as a separate
component. Mixers with an integrated diplexer are also referred to as three-port mixers, mixers without diplexers as
two-port mixers. Figure 1 shows an example where a diplexer is used to convey both, the IF and LO frequencies.
ETSI
13 ETSI EN 302 686 V1.1.1 (2011-02)

Figure 1: Set-up of measurement receiver, diplexer and mixer
4.7.2 Signal identification
A setup with Harmonic mixers without pre-selection displays always a pair of signals with a spacing of 2 x f as there
IF,
is no image suppression. For a modulated signal with a bandwidth of > 2 x f both, wanted and image response overlap
IF
and cannot be separated any more.
Depending on the width of the analyzed frequency bands additional responses created from other harmonics may be
displayed. In these cases it has to be determined by signal identification techniques, which of the displayed responses
are false responses. Signal identification techniques implemented in spectrum analyzers are based on the fact that only
responses corresponding to the selected number of harmonic show a frequency spacing of 2 x f .

IF
This can be used for automated signal identification: apart from the actual measurement sweep, in which the lower
sideband is defined as "wanted", a reference sweep is performed. For the reference sweep, the frequency of the LO
signal is tuned such that the user-selected harmonic of the LO signal (order m´) is shifted downwards by 2 x f relative
IF
to the measurement sweep.
Parameters which influence the signal identification routines are:
• Number of harmonic: the higher the harmonic number the more false responses will be created. A high LO
frequency range which results in a lower harmonic number for a given frequency range is desirable.
• IF Frequency: the higher the IF frequency of the spectrum analyzer, the greater the spacing at which image
frequency response is displayed on the frequency axis. For a single modulated or unmodulated input signal
displayed on the frequency axis, an image-free range of 2 x f is obtained around this signal in which no
IF
signal identification is necessary.
4.7.3 Measurement hints
To obtain accurate and reproducible results, the following points should be observed:
• A low-loss cable with a substantially flat frequency response should be used for feeding the LO signal to the
mixer. The conversion loss of the mixer is normally specified for a defined LO level. It is therefore important
to maintain this level at the LO port of the mixer in order to achieve the desired accuracy. This is especially
essential if the antenna/ mixer combination is located away from the measuring receiver.
• In level correction on the spectrum analyzer, the insertion loss of the cab
...

Draft ETSI EN 302 686 V1.0.0 (2010-07)
Harmonized European Standard (Telecommunications series)

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS);
Radiocommunications equipment operating
in the 63 GHz to 64 GHz frequency band;
Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements
of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive

2 Draft ETSI EN 302 686 V1.0.0 (2010-07)

Reference
DEN/ERM-TG37-008
Keywords
ITS, radio, regulation, testing
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00  Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

Important notice
Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org
The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or
perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF).
In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive
within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2010.
All rights reserved.
TM TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS , TIPHON , the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered
for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
LTE™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI currently being registered
for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI
3 Draft ETSI EN 302 686 V1.0.0 (2010-07)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Definitions . 8
3.2 Symbols . 8
3.3 Abbreviations . 8
4 Technical requirements specifications . 9
4.1 General requirements . 9
4.1.1 Receiver category . 9
4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes . 9
4.2.1 Choice of model for testing . 9
4.2.2 Testing of equipment with alternative power levels . 10
4.3 Mechanical and electrical design . 10
4.3.1 General . 10
4.3.2 Controls . 10
4.3.3 Transmitter shut-off facility . 10
4.3.4 Receiver automatic switch-off . 10
4.3.5 Marking (equipment identification) . 10
4.3.5.1 Equipment identification . 10
4.3.5.2 Marking . 10
4.4 Auxiliary test equipment . 10
4.5 General requirements for RF cables . 11
4.6 RF waveguides . 11
4.6.1 Wave Guide Attenuators . 12
4.7 External harmonic mixers . 12
4.7.1 Introduction . 12
4.7.2 Signal identification . 13
4.7.3 Measurement hints . 13
4.8 Interpretation of the measurement results . 14
4.8.1 Conversion loss data and measurement uncertainty . 15
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures . 15
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions . 15
5.2 Test power source . 16
5.2.1 External test power source . 16
5.2.2 Internal test power source . 16
5.3 Normal test conditions . 16
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity . 16
5.3.2 Normal test power source . 16
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage . 16
5.3.2.2 Other power sources . 17
5.4 Extreme test conditions . 17
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures . 17
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages . 17
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage . 17
5.4.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources . 17
5.4.2.3 Power sources using other types of batteries . 17
5.4.2.4 Other power sources . 17
ETSI
4 Draft ETSI EN 302 686 V1.0.0 (2010-07)
6 General conditions . 18
6.1 Normal test signals and test modulation . 18
6.1.1 Normal test signals for data . 18
6.1.2 Product Information . 18
6.1.3 Testing of frequency agile or hopping equipment . 18
6.2 Test sites and general arrangements for radiated measurements . 19
6.2.1 Test fixture . 19
6.2.1.1 Requirements . 19
6.2.1.2 Calibration . 20
6.2.1.3 Test Sites and general arrangement . 20
6.2.1.3.1 Open Area Test Site (OATS) . 20
6.2.1.3.2 Other test sites . 21
6.2.1.3.3 Semi-Anechoic Rooms with a conductive Ground Plane . 21
6.2.1.3.4 Fully Anechoic Rooms (FAR) . 23
6.2.1.3.5 Minimum requirements for test sites for measurements above 18 GHz . 25
6.3 Measuring receiver . 26
6.4 Antennas . 27
6.4.1 Test antenna . 27
6.4.2 Substitution antenna . 27
6.4.3 Signalling antenna . 28
7 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters . 28
7.1 RF output power (mean e.i.r.p.) . 28
7.1.1 Definition . 28
7.1.2 Limit . 28
7.1.3 Conformance. 28
7.2 Permitted range of operating frequencies . 29
7.2.1 Definition . 29
7.2.2 Method of measurement . 29
7.2.3 Method of measurement for equipment using FHSS modulation . 30
7.2.4 Limit . 30
7.3 Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain. 31
7.3.1 Definition . 31
7.3.2 Method of measurement - radiated unwanted emissions . 31
7.3.3 Limits . 32
8 Receiver . . 32
8.1 Unwanted emissions . 32
8.1.1 Definition . 32
8.1.2 Method of measurement radiated unwanted components . 32
8.1.3 Limits . 33
Annex A (normative): HS Requirements and conformance Test specifications Table (HS-
RTT) . 34
Annex B (normative): Radiated measurements . 36
B.1 Substitution method . 36
B.1.1 Principle of the substitution measurement method . 36
B.2 Pre-Substitution method . 37
B.2.1 Principle of radiated power measurement based on site attenuation (Pre-Substitution) . 37
Annex C (informative): Atmospheric absorptions and material dependent attenuations . 39
C.1 Atmospheric absorptions . 39
C.2 Material dependent attenuations . 41
Annex D (informative): The EN title in the official languages . 43
History . 44

ETSI
5 Draft ETSI EN 302 686 V1.0.0 (2010-07)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Harmonized European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM), and is now submitted for the Public Enquiry phase
of the ETSI standards Two-step Approval Procedure.
For non-EU countries, the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes.
The present document has been produced by ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission issued
under Council Directive 98/34/EC (as amended) [i.4] laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the
field of technical standards and regulations.
The present document is intended to become a Harmonized Standard, the reference of which will be published in the
Official Journal of the European Communities referencing the Directive 1999/5/EC [i.9] of the European Parliament
and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual
recognition of their conformity ("the R&TTE Directive").
The requirements relevant to Directive 1999/5/EC [i.9] are summarised in annex A.
Equipment compliant with the present document can be intended for fitment into road vehicles, therefore it is subject to
automotive EMC type approval and Directive 95/54/EC [i.7]. For use on vehicles outside the scope of Directive
95/54/EC [i.7], compliance with an EMC directive/standard appropriate for that use is required.

Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 18 months after doa

Introduction
The present document is part of a set of standards developed by ETSI and is designed to fit in a modular structure to
cover all radio and telecommunications terminal equipment within the scope of the R&TTE Directive. The modular
structure is shown in EG 201 399 [i.8].
ETSI
6 Draft ETSI EN 302 686 V1.0.0 (2010-07)
1 Scope
The present document applies to corporate communications using radio transmitters and receivers for Intelligent
Transport Systems (ITS). ITS communications may comprise vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-infrastructure and
infrastructure-to-vehicle.
The equipment is comprised of a transmitter and associated encoder and modulator and/or a receiver and associated
demodulator and decoder. The types of equipment covered by the present document are as follows:
• OnBoard Equipment (OBE equipment fitted with an integral or dedicated antenna(s), intended for use in
vehicles, e.g. a road or a rail vehicle).
• Road Side Equipment (RSE equipment fitted with an antenna socket, integral or dedicated antenna(s),
normally used as a fixed station); e.g. a road or rail infrastructure.
These networks operate over a short range with very wideband communications using a variety of directional medium
and high gain antennas to enable a high degree of spectrum reuse, and may use a flexible bandwidth scheme under
which they normally operate in a wideband mode, and periodically reduce their bandwidth (e.g. for antenna training and
other activities).
The technical characteristics of these applications are described in TR 102 400 [i.1], where ITS applications in the
63 GHz to 64 GHz band is described. The present document is also in line with the results of the of the spectrum
compatibility study in the CEPT ECC Report 113 [i.3].
These radio equipment types are capable of operating in all or any part of the frequency bands given in table 1.
Table 1: Radiocommunications service frequency bands
Radiocommunications service frequency bands
Transmit 63 GHz to 64 GHz
Receive 63 GHz to 64 GHz
The present document is intended to cover the provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC [i.9] (R&TTE Directive), article 3.2,
which states that "…. radio equipment shall be so constructed that it effectively uses the spectrum allocated to
terrestrial/space radio communications and orbital resources so as to avoid harmful interference".
In addition to the present document, other ENs that specify technical requirements in respect of essential requirements
under other parts of article 3 of the R&TTE Directive may apply to equipment within the scope of the present
document.
NOTE: A list of such ENs is included on the web site http://www.newapproach.org.
ETSI
7 Draft ETSI EN 302 686 V1.0.0 (2010-07)
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI TR 100 028 (all parts) (V1.4.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[2] CISPR 16 (2006) (parts 1-1, 1-4 and 1-5): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus and methods; Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus".
[3] ITU-T Recommendation O.153 (1992): "Basic parameters for the measurement of error
performance at bit rates below the primary rate".
[4] ETSI TR 102 273 (all parts) (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and
evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties".
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI TR 102 400 (V1.2.1):" Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD); Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Road Traffic and Transport
Telematics (RTTT);Technical characteristics for communications equipment in the frequency band
from 63 GHz to 64 GHz; System Reference Document".
[i.2] ETSI TS 103 051: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Expanded
measurement uncertainty for the measurement of radiated electromagnetic fields".
[i.3] CEPT ECC Report 113: "Compatibility studies around 63 GHz between Intelligent Transportation
Systems (ITS) and other systems".
[i.4] Directive 98/34/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 June 1998 laying down a
procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations.
[i.5] ETSI TS 103 052: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Radiated
measurement methods and general arrangements for test sites up to 100 GHz".
[i.6] CEPT/ERC Recommendation 74-01 (2005): "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
[i.7] Commission Directive 95/54/EC of 31 October 1995 adapting to technical progress Council
Directive 72/245/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the
suppression of radio interference produced by spark-ignition engines fitted to motor vehicles and
amending Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating
to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers.
[i.8] ETSI EG 201 399: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); A guide to
the production of Harmonized Standards for application under the R&TTE Directive".
ETSI
8 Draft ETSI EN 302 686 V1.0.0 (2010-07)
[i.9] Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio
equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their
conformity (R&TTE Directive).
[i.10] ITU-R Recommendation P.676-5 (2001): "Attenuation by atmospheric gases".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in the R&TTE Directive [i.9] and the
following apply:
channel separation: minimum separation (in MHz) between the centre frequencies of two adjacent channels in the
channel plan of the radio equipment
environmental profile: declared range of environmental conditions under which equipment within the scope of the
present document is required to be compliant
integral antenna: antenna which is declared to be part of the radio equipment by the supplier
NOTE 1: In some cases, it may not be possible to remove an integral antenna or expose an antenna connector
without changing the output characteristics of the radio equipment.
NOTE 2: Even with an integral antenna, it might still be possible to separate the antenna from the equipment using
a special tool.
mean power: when applied to a modulated signal, this is the power (transmitted or received) in a bandwidth
necessary bandwidth: width of the frequency band which is just sufficient to ensure the transmission of information at
the rate and with the quality required under specified conditions
smart antenna systems: equipment that combines multiple transmit and/or receive antenna elements with a signal
processing function to increase its radiation and/or reception capabilities
NOTE: This includes techniques such as spatial multiplexing, beam forming, cyclic delay diversity, etc.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
dBc spectral density relative to the maximum spectral power density of the transmitted signal
dBm decibel relative to one milliwatt
dBr decibel relative to a given maximum power level
GHz thousand millions of cycles
kHz thousands of cycles
μs millionths of seconds
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ChS Channel Separation
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power
emf electromotive force
EUT Equipment Under Testing
FAR Fully Anechoic Room
FH Frequency Hopping
FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
ETSI
9 Draft ETSI EN 302 686 V1.0.0 (2010-07)
FMCW Frequency Modulated Carrier Wave
FSK Frequency Shift Keying
FSL Free Space Loss
IF Intermediate Frequency
LO Local Oscillator
NSA Normalized Site Attenuatio
OATS Open Area Test Site
OBw Occupied Bandwidth
PDL spectral Power Density Limit
R&TTE Radio equipment and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
RBw Resolution Bandwidth
RF Radio Frequency
RMS Root Mean Square
Rx Receiver
Tx Transmitter
VBW Video Bandwidth
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 General requirements
4.1.1 Receiver category
For ITS equipment in the scope of the present document, there is no need to distinguish between different receiver
categories.
4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Equipment submitted for testing, where applicable, shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all
frequencies over which it is intended to operate.
Where appropriate, testing shall be carried out on suitable frequencies for the equipment concerned.
If equipment is designed to operate with different carrier powers, measurements of each transmitter parameter shall be
performed at the highest power level at which the transmitter is intended to operate.
Additionally, technical documentation and operating manuals, sufficient to allow testing to be performed, shall be
available.
A test fixture for equipment with an integral antenna may be supplied (see clause 6.2.1).
To simplify and harmonize the testing procedures between the different testing laboratories, measurements shall be
performed, according to the present document, on samples of equipment defined in clause 4.2.1.
These clauses are intended to give confidence that the requirements set out in the present document have been met
without the necessity of performing measurements on all frequencies.
The provider shall declare the frequency range(s), the range of operation conditions and power requirements, as
applicable, in order to establish the appropriate test conditions.
4.2.1 Choice of model for testing
One or more samples of the equipment, as appropriate, shall be tested.
Stand alone equipment shall be tested complete with any ancillary equipment needed for testing.
ETSI
10 Draft ETSI EN 302 686 V1.0.0 (2010-07)
If equipment has several optional features, considered not to affect the RF parameters then the tests need only to be
performed on the equipment configured with that combination of features considered to be the most complex.
4.2.2 Testing of equipment with alternative power levels
If a family of equipment has alternative output power levels provided by the use of separate power modules or add on
stages, or additionally has alternative frequency coverage, then all these shall be declared. Each module or add on stage
shall be tested in combination with the equipment. The necessary samples and tests shall be based on the requirements
of clause 4. As a minimum, measurements of the radiated power (e.i.r.p.) and unwanted emissions shall be performed
for each combination and shall be stated in the test report.
4.3 Mechanical and electrical design
4.3.1 General
The equipment tested shall be designed, constructed and manufactured in accordance with good engineering practice
and with the aim of minimizing harmful interference to other equipment and services.
Transmitters and receivers may be individual or combination units.
4.3.2 Controls
Those controls which, if maladjusted, might increase the interfering potentialities of the equipment shall not be easily
accessible to the user.
4.3.3 Transmitter shut-off facility
If the transmitter is equipped with an automatic transmitter shut-off facility, it should be made inoperative for the
duration of the test. In the case this not possible, a proper test method shall be described and documented.
4.3.4 Receiver automatic switch-off
If the receiver is equipped with a battery-saving circuit for automatic switch-off, this circuit shall be made inoperative
for the duration of the tests. In the case this not possible, a proper test method shall be described and documented.
4.3.5 Marking (equipment identification)
4.3.5.1 Equipment identification
The marking shall include as a minimum:
• the name of the manufacturer or his trademark;
• the type designation;
4.3.5.2 Marking
The equipment shall be marked in a visible place. This marking shall be legible and durable. In cases where the
equipment is too small to carry the marking, it is sufficient to provide the relevant information in the users' manual.
4.4 Auxiliary test equipment
All necessary test signal sources and set-up information shall accompany the equipment when it is submitted for testing.
The following product information shall be provided by the manufacturer:
• the type of modulation technology implemented in the equipment (e.g. FMCW or pulsed);
ETSI
11 Draft ETSI EN 302 686 V1.0.0 (2010-07)
• the operating frequency range(s) of the equipment;
• the intended combination of the transmitter/transceiver and its antenna and their corresponding e.i.r.p. levels in
the main beam;
• the nominal power supply voltages of the radio equipment;
• for FMCW, FH, FSK or similar carrier based modulation schemes, it is important to describe the modulation
parameters in order to ensure that the right settings of the measuring receiver are used. Important parameters
are the modulation period, deviation or dwell times within a modulation period, rate of modulation (Hz/s);
• the implementation of features such as gating, hopping or stepped frequency hopping;
• the implementation of any mitigation techniques such as duty cycle;
• for pulsed equipment, the Pulse Repetition Frequency PRF shall be stated.
4.5 General requirements for RF cables
All RF cables including their connectors at both ends used within the measurement arrangements and set-ups shall be of
coaxial or waveguide type featuring within the frequency range they are used:
• a VSWR of less than 1,2 at either end;
• a shielding loss in excess of 60 dB.
When using coaxial cables for frequencies above 40 GHz attenuation features increase significantly and decrease of
return loss due to mismatching caused by joints at RF connectors and impedance errors shall be considered.
All RF cables and waveguide interconnects shall be routed suitably in order to reduce impacts on antenna radiation
pattern, antenna gain, antenna impedance. Table 2 provides some information about connector systems that can be used
in connection with the cables.
Table 2: Connector systems
Connector System Frequency Recommended coupling torque
N 18 GHz 0,68 Nm to 1,13 Nm
SMA 18 GHz ~ 0,56 Nm
(some up to 26 GHz)
3,50 mm 26,5 GHz 0,8 Nm to 1,1 Nm
2,92 mm 40 GHz 0,8 Nm to 1,1 Nm
(some up to 46 GHz)
2,40 mm 50 GHz 0,8 Nm to 1,1 Nm
(some up to 60 GHz)
1,85 mm 65 GHz 0,8 Nm to1,1 Nm
(some up to 75 GHz)
4.6 RF waveguides
Wired signal transmission in the millimeter range is preferably realized by means of waveguides because they offer low
attenuation and high reproducibility. Unlike coaxial cables, the frequency range in which waveguides can be used is
limited also towards lower frequencies (highpass filter characteristics). Wave propagation in the waveguide is not
possible below a certain cutoff frequency where attenuation of the waveguide is very high. Beyond a certain upper
frequency limit, several wave propagation modes are possible so that the behaviour of the waveguide is no longer
unambiguous. In the unambiguous range of a rectangular waveguide, only H10 waves are capable of propagation.
The dimensions of rectangular and circular waveguides are defined by international standards such as 153-IEC for
various frequency ranges. These frequency ranges are also referred to as waveguide bands. They are designated using
different capital letters depending on the standard. Table 3 provides an overview of the different waveguide bands
together with the designations of the associated waveguides and flanges.
ETSI
12 Draft ETSI EN 302 686 V1.0.0 (2010-07)
For rectangular waveguides, which are mostly used in measurements, harmonic mixers with matching flanges are
available for extending the frequency coverage of measuring receivers. Table 3 provides some information on
waveguides.
Table 3: Waveguide bands and associated waveguides
Designations Internal Designations of frequently used
dimensions of flanges
Frequency waveguide
Band
in GHz
UG-XXX/U
MIL- 153- RCSC in MIL-F-
EIA in mm equivalent Remarks
W-85 IEC (British) inches 3922
(reference)
Ka 26,5 to 40,0 3-006 WR-28 R320 WG-22 7,11 x 0,280 x 54-006 UG-559/U Rectangular
3,56 0,140 68-002 Rectangular
67B-005 UG-381/U Round
Q 33,0 to 55,0 3-010 WR-22 R400 WG-23 5,69 x 0,224 x
67B-006 UG-383/U Round
2,84 0,112
U 40,0 to 60,0 3-014 WR-19 R500 WG-24 4,78 x 0,188 x
67B-007 UG-383/U-M Round
2,388 0,094
V 50,0 to 75,0 3-017 WR-15 R620 WG-25 3,759 x 0,148 x
67B-008 UG-385/U Round
1,879 0,074
E 60,0 to 90,0 3-020 WR-12 R740 WG-26 3,099 x 0,122 x
67B-009 UG-387/U Round
1,549 0,061
W 75,0 to 3-023 WR-10 R900 WG-27 2,540 x 0,100 x
67B-010 UG-383/U-M Round
110,0 1,270 0,050
As waveguides are rigid, it is unpractical to set up connections between antenna and measuring receiver with
waveguides. Either a waveguide transition to coaxial cable is used or - at higher frequencies - the harmonic mixer is
used for frequency extension of the measuring receiver and is directly mounted at the antenna.
4.6.1 Wave Guide Attenuators
Due to the fact that external harmonic mixers can only be fed with low RF power it may be necessary to attenuate input
powers in defined manner using wave guide attenuators. These attenuators shall be calibrated and suitable to handle
corresponding powers.
4.7 External harmonic mixers
4.7.1 Introduction
Measuring receivers (test receivers or spectrum analyzers) with coaxial input are commercially available up to 67 GHz.
The frequency range is extended from 40 GHz to 67 GHz up to 100 GHz and beyond by means of external harmonic
mixers. Harmonic mixers are used because the fundamental mixing commonly employed in the lower frequency range
is too complex and expensive or requires components such as preselectors which are not available. Harmonic mixers are
waveguide based and have a frequency range matching the waveguide bands. They must not be used outside these
bands for calibrated measurements.
In harmonic mixers, a harmonic of the local oscillator (LO) is used for signal conversion to a lower intermediate
frequency (IF). The advantage of this method is that the frequency range of the local oscillator may be much lower than
with fundamental mixing, where the LO frequency must be of the same order (with low IF) or much higher (with high
IF) than the input signal (RF).The harmonics are generated in the mixer because of its nonlinearity and are used for
conversion. The signal converted to the IF is coupled out of the line which is also used for feeding the LO signal.
To obtain low conversion loss of the external mixer, the order of the harmonic used for converting the input signal
should be as low as possible. For this, the frequency range of the local oscillator must be as high as possible. LO
frequency ranges are for example 3 GHz to 6 GHz or 7 GHz to 15 GHz. IF frequencies are in the range from 320 MHz
to about 700 MHz. If the measured air interface is wider than the IF bandwidth, then it is advisable to split the
measurement in several frequency ranges, i.e. a one step total RF output power measurement should not be performed.
ETSI
13 Draft ETSI EN 302 686 V1.0.0 (2010-07)
Because of the great frequency spacing between the LO and the IF signal, the two signals can be separated by means of
a simple diplexer. The diplexer may be realized as part of the mixer or the spectrum analyzer, or as a separate
component. Mixers with an integrated diplexer are also referred to as three-port mixers, mixers without diplexers as
two-port mixers. Figure 1 shows an example where a diplexer is used to convey both, the IF and LO frequencies.

Figure 1: Set-up of measurement receiver, diplexer and mixer
4.7.2 Signal identification
A setup with Harmonic mixers without pre-selection displays always a pair of signals with a spacing of 2 x f as there
IF,
is no image suppression. For a modulated signal with a bandwidth of > 2 x f both, wanted and image response overlap
IF
and cannot be separated any more.
Depending on the width of the analyzed frequency bands additional responses created from other harmonics may be
displayed. In these cases it has to be determined by signal identification techniques, which of the displayed responses
are false responses. Signal identification techniques implemented in spectrum analyzers are based on the fact that only
responses corresponding to the selected number of harmonic show a frequency spacing of 2 x f .

IF
This can be used for automated signal identification: apart from the actual measurement sweep, in which the lower
sideband is defined as "wanted", a reference sweep is performed. For the reference sweep, the frequency of the LO
signal is tuned such that the user-selected harmonic of the LO signal (order m´) is shifted downwards by 2 x f relative
IF
to the measurement sweep.
Parameters which influence the signal identification routines are:
• Number of harmonic: the higher the harmonic number the more false responses will be created. A high LO
frequency range which results in a lower harmonic number for a given frequency range is desirable.
• IF Frequency: the higher the IF frequency of the spectrum analyzer, the greater the spacing at which image
frequency response is displayed on the frequency axis. For a single modulated or unmodulated input signal
displayed on the frequency axis, an image-free range of 2 x f is obtained around this signal in which no
IF
signal identification is necessary.
4.7.3 Measurement hints
To obtain accurate and reproducible results, the following points should be observed:
• A low-loss cable with a substantially flat frequency response should be used for feeding the LO signal to the
mixer. The conversion loss of the mixer is normally speci
...

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) - Radiocommunications equipment operating in the 63 GHz to 64 GHz frequency band - Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive35.240.60Uporabniške rešitve IT v transportu in trgoviniIT applications in transport and trade33.060.01Radijske komunikacije na splošnoRadiocommunications in generalICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 302 686 Version 1.1.1SIST EN 302 686 V1.1.1:2011en01-april-2011SIST EN 302 686 V1.1.1:2011SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
ETSI ETSI EN 302 686 V1.1.1 (2011-02) 2
Reference DEN/ERM-TG37-008 Keywords ITS, radio, regulation, testing ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00
Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88
Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2011. All rights reserved.
DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTM, TIPHONTM, the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. LTE™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI currently being registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. SIST EN 302 686 V1.1.1:2011

ETSI ETSI EN 302 686 V1.1.1 (2011-02) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights . 5 Foreword . 5 Introduction . 5 1 Scope . 6 2 References . 6 2.1 Normative references . 7 2.2 Informative references . 7 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 8 3.1 Definitions . 8 3.2 Symbols . 8 3.3 Abbreviations . 8 4 Technical requirements specifications . 9 4.1 General requirements . 9 4.1.1 Receiver category . 9 4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes . 9 4.2.1 Choice of model for testing . 9 4.2.2 Testing of equipment with alternative power levels . 10 4.3 Mechanical and electrical design . 10 4.3.1 General . 10 4.3.2 Controls . 10 4.3.3 Transmitter shut-off facility . 10 4.3.4 Receiver automatic switch-off . 10 4.3.5 Marking (equipment identification) . 10 4.3.5.1 Equipment identification . 10 4.3.5.2 Marking . 10 4.4 Auxiliary test equipment . 10 4.5 General requirements for RF cables . 11 4.6 RF waveguides . 11 4.6.1 Wave Guide Attenuators . 12 4.7 External harmonic mixers . 12 4.7.1 Introduction. 12 4.7.2 Signal identification . 13 4.7.3 Measurement hints . 13 4.8 Interpretation of the measurement results . 14 4.8.1 Conversion loss data and measurement uncertainty . 15 5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures . 15 5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions . 15 5.2 Test power source . 15 5.2.1 External test power source . 16 5.2.2 Internal test power source . 16 5.3 Normal test conditions . 16 5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity . 16 5.3.2 Normal test power source . 16 5.3.2.1 Mains voltage . 16 5.3.2.2 Other power sources . 16 5.4 Extreme test conditions . 17 5.4.1 Extreme temperatures . 17 5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages . 17 5.4.2.1 Mains voltage . 17 5.4.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources . 17 5.4.2.3 Power sources using other types of batteries . 17 5.4.2.4 Other power sources . 17 SIST EN 302 686 V1.1.1:2011

ETSI ETSI EN 302 686 V1.1.1 (2011-02) 4 6 General conditions . 17 6.1 Normal test signals and test modulation . 17 6.1.1 Normal test signals for data . 18 6.1.2 Product Information . 18 6.1.3 Testing of frequency agile or hopping equipment . 18 6.2 Test sites and general arrangements for radiated measurements . 19 6.2.1 Test fixture . 19 6.2.1.1 Requirements . 19 6.2.1.2 Calibration . 19 6.2.1.3 Test Sites and general arrangement . 20 6.2.1.3.1 Open Area Test Site (OATS) . 20 6.2.1.3.2 Other test sites . 21 6.2.1.3.3 Semi-Anechoic Rooms with a conductive Ground Plane . 21 6.2.1.3.4 Fully Anechoic Rooms (FAR) . 22 6.2.1.3.5 Minimum requirements for test sites for measurements above 18 GHz . 24 6.3 Measuring receiver . 25 6.4 Antennas . 26 6.4.1 Test antenna . 26 6.4.2 Substitution antenna . 26 6.4.3 Signalling antenna . 27 7 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters . 27 7.1 RF output power (mean e.i.r.p.) . 27 7.1.1 Definition . 27 7.1.2 Limit . 27 7.1.3 Conformance. 28 7.2 Permitted range of operating frequencies . 28 7.2.1 Definition . 28 7.2.2 Method of measurement . 28 7.2.3 Method of measurement for equipment using FHSS modulation . 29 7.2.4 Limit . 29 7.3 Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain. 30 7.3.1 Definition . 30 7.3.2 Method of measurement - radiated unwanted emissions . 30 7.3.3 Limits . 31 8 Receiver . 31 8.1 Unwanted emissions . 31 8.1.1 Definition . 31 8.1.2 Method of measurement radiated unwanted components . 32 8.1.3 Limits . 32 Annex A (normative): HS Requirements and conformance Test specifications Table (HS-RTT) . 33 Annex B (normative): Radiated measurements . 35 B.1 Substitution method . 35 B.1.1 Principle of the substitution measurement method . 35 B.2 Pre-Substitution method . 36 B.2.1 Principle of radiated power measurement based on site attenuation (Pre-Substitution) . 36 Annex C (informative): Atmospheric absorptions and material dependent attenuations . 38 C.1 Atmospheric absorptions . 38 C.2 Material dependent attenuations . 40 Annex D (informative): The EN title in the official languages . 42 History . 43
ETSI ETSI EN 302 686 V1.1.1 (2011-02) 5 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Harmonized European Standard has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). For non-EU countries, the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes. The present document has been produced by ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission issued under Council Directive 98/34/EC (as amended) [i.4] laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations. The present document is intended to become a Harmonized Standard, the reference of which will be published in the Official Journal of the European Communities referencing the Directive 1999/5/EC [i.9] of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their conformity ("the R&TTE Directive"). The requirements relevant to Directive 1999/5/EC [i.9] are summarised in annex A. Equipment compliant with the present document can be intended for fitment into road vehicles, therefore it is subject to automotive EMC type approval and Directive 95/54/EC [i.7]. For use on vehicles outside the scope of Directive 95/54/EC [i.7], compliance with an EMC directive/standard appropriate for that use is required.
National transposition dates Date of adoption of this EN: 31 January 2011 Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 April 2011 Date of latest publication of new National Standard or endorsement of this EN (dop/e):
31 October 2011 Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 October 2012
Introduction The present document is part of a set of standards developed by ETSI and is designed to fit in a modular structure to cover all radio and telecommunications terminal equipment within the scope of the R&TTE Directive. The modular structure is shown in EG 201 399 [i.8]. SIST EN 302 686 V1.1.1:2011

ETSI ETSI EN 302 686 V1.1.1 (2011-02) 6 1 Scope The present document applies to corporate communications using radio transmitters and receivers for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). ITS communications may comprise vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-infrastructure and infrastructure-to-vehicle.
The equipment is comprised of a transmitter and associated encoder and modulator and/or a receiver and associated demodulator and decoder. The types of equipment covered by the present document are as follows: • OnBoard Equipment (OBE equipment fitted with an integral or dedicated antenna(s), intended for use in vehicles, e.g. a road or a rail vehicle). • Road Side Equipment (RSE equipment fitted with an antenna socket, integral or dedicated antenna(s), normally used as a fixed station); e.g. a road or rail infrastructure. These networks operate over a short range with very wideband communications using a variety of directional medium and high gain antennas to enable a high degree of spectrum reuse, and may use a flexible bandwidth scheme under which they normally operate in a wideband mode, and periodically reduce their bandwidth (e.g. for antenna training and other activities). The technical characteristics of these applications are described in TR 102 400 [i.1], where ITS applications in the 63 GHz to 64 GHz band is described. The present document is also in line with the results of the of the spectrum compatibility study in the CEPT ECC Report 113 [i.3]. These radio equipment types are capable of operating in all or any part of the frequency bands given in table 1. Table 1: Radiocommunications service frequency bands
Radiocommunications service frequency bands Transmit 63 GHz to 64 GHz Receive 63 GHz to 64 GHz
The present document is intended to cover the provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC [i.9] (R&TTE Directive), article 3.2, which states that "…. radio equipment shall be so constructed that it effectively uses the spectrum allocated to terrestrial/space radio communications and orbital resources so as to avoid harmful interference". In addition to the present document, other ENs that specify technical requirements in respect of essential requirements under other parts of article 3 of the R&TTE Directive may apply to equipment within the scope of the present document. NOTE: A list of such ENs is included on the web site http://www.newapproach.org. 2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. SIST EN 302 686 V1.1.1:2011

ETSI ETSI EN 302 686 V1.1.1 (2011-02) 7 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. [1] ETSI TR 100 028 (all parts) (V1.4.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum matters (ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics". [2] CISPR 16 (2006) (parts 1-1, 1-4 and 1-5): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods; Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus". [3] ITU-T Recommendation O.153 (1992): "Basic parameters for the measurement of error performance at bit rates below the primary rate". [4] ETSI TR 102 273 (all parts) (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties". 2.2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. [i.1] ETSI TR 102 400 (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Road Traffic and Transport Telematics (RTTT); Technical characteristics for communications equipment in the frequency band from 63 GHz to 64 GHz; System Reference Document". [i.2] ETSI TS 103 051: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Expanded measurement uncertainty for the measurement of radiated electromagnetic fields". [i.3] CEPT ECC Report 113: "Compatibility studies around 63 GHz between Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and other systems". [i.4] Directive 98/34/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 June 1998 laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations. [i.5] ETSI TS 103 052: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Radiated measurement methods and general arrangements for test sites up to 100 GHz". [i.6] CEPT/ERC Recommendation 74-01 (2005): "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain". [i.7] Commission Directive 95/54/EC of 31 October 1995 adapting to technical progress Council Directive 72/245/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the suppression of radio interference produced by spark-ignition engines fitted to motor vehicles and amending Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers. [i.8] ETSI EG 201 399: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); A guide to the production of Harmonized Standards for application under the R&TTE Directive". [i.9] Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their conformity (R&TTE Directive). [i.10] ITU-R Recommendation P.676-5 (2001): "Attenuation by atmospheric gases". SIST EN 302 686 V1.1.1:2011

ETSI ETSI EN 302 686 V1.1.1 (2011-02) 8 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in the R&TTE Directive [i.9] and the following apply: channel separation: minimum separation (in MHz) between the centre frequencies of two adjacent channels in the channel plan of the radio equipment environmental profile: declared range of environmental conditions under which equipment within the scope of the present document is required to be compliant integral antenna: antenna which is declared to be part of the radio equipment by the supplier NOTE 1: In some cases, it may not be possible to remove an integral antenna or expose an antenna connector without changing the output characteristics of the radio equipment. NOTE 2: Even with an integral antenna, it might still be possible to separate the antenna from the equipment using a special tool. mean power: when applied to a modulated signal, this is the power (transmitted or received) in a bandwidth necessary bandwidth: width of the frequency band which is just sufficient to ensure the transmission of information at the rate and with the quality required under specified conditions smart antenna systems: equipment that combines multiple transmit and/or receive antenna elements with a signal processing function to increase its radiation and/or reception capabilities NOTE: This includes techniques such as spatial multiplexing, beam forming, cyclic delay diversity, etc. 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: dBc spectral density relative to the maximum spectral power density of the transmitted signal dBm decibel relative to one milliwatt dBr decibel relative to a given maximum power level GHz thousand millions of cycles kHz thousands of cycles μs millionths of seconds 3.3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power emf electromagnetic field EUT Equipment Under Testing FAR Fully Anechoic Room FH Frequency Hopping FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum FMCW Frequency Modulated Carrier Wave FSK Frequency Shift Keying FSL Free Space Loss
IF Intermediate Frequency ITS Intelligent Transport Systems LO Local Oscillator NSA Normalized Site Attenuatio OATS Open Area Test Site SIST EN 302 686 V1.1.1:2011

ETSI ETSI EN 302 686 V1.1.1 (2011-02) 9 PDL spectral Power Density Limit R&TTE Radio equipment and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment RBw Resolution Bandwidth RF Radio Frequency RMS Root Mean Square Rx Receiver Tx Transmitter VBW Video Bandwidth VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio 4 Technical requirements specifications 4.1 General requirements 4.1.1 Receiver category For ITS equipment in the scope of the present document, there is no need to distinguish between different receiver categories. 4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes Equipment submitted for testing, where applicable, shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all frequencies over which it is intended to operate. Where appropriate, testing shall be carried out on suitable frequencies for the equipment concerned. If equipment is designed to operate with different carrier powers, measurements of each transmitter parameter shall be performed at the highest power level at which the transmitter is intended to operate. Additionally, technical documentation and operating manuals, sufficient to allow testing to be performed, shall be available. A test fixture for equipment with an integral antenna may be supplied (see clause 6.2.1). To simplify and harmonize the testing procedures between the different testing laboratories, measurements shall be performed, according to the present document, on samples of equipment defined in clause 4.2.1. These clauses are intended to give confidence that the requirements set out in the present document have been met without the necessity of performing measurements on all frequencies. The provider shall declare the frequency range(s), the range of operation conditions and power requirements, as applicable, in order to establish the appropriate test conditions. 4.2.1 Choice of model for testing One or more samples of the equipment, as appropriate, shall be tested. Stand alone equipment shall be tested complete with any ancillary equipment needed for testing. If equipment has several optional features, considered not to affect the RF parameters then the tests need only to be performed on the equipment configured with that combination of features considered to be the most complex.
ETSI ETSI EN 302 686 V1.1.1 (2011-02) 10 4.2.2 Testing of equipment with alternative power levels If a family of equipment has alternative output power levels provided by the use of separate power modules or add on stages, or additionally has alternative frequency coverage, then all these shall be declared. Each module or add on stage shall be tested in combination with the equipment. The necessary samples and tests shall be based on the requirements of clause 4. As a minimum, measurements of the radiated power (e.i.r.p.) and unwanted emissions shall be performed for each combination and shall be stated in the test report. 4.3 Mechanical and electrical design 4.3.1 General The equipment tested shall be designed, constructed and manufactured in accordance with good engineering practice and with the aim of minimizing harmful interference to other equipment and services. Transmitters and receivers may be individual or combination units. 4.3.2 Controls Those controls which, if maladjusted, might increase the interfering potentialities of the equipment shall not be easily accessible to the user. 4.3.3 Transmitter shut-off facility If the transmitter is equipped with an automatic transmitter shut-off facility, it should be made inoperative for the duration of the test. In the case this not possible, a proper test method shall be described and documented. 4.3.4 Receiver automatic switch-off If the receiver is equipped with a battery-saving circuit for automatic switch-off, this circuit shall be made inoperative for the duration of the tests. In the case this not possible, a proper test method shall be described and documented. 4.3.5 Marking (equipment identification) 4.3.5.1 Equipment identification The marking shall include as a minimum: • the name of the manufacturer or his trademark; • the type designation. 4.3.5.2 Marking The equipment shall be marked in a visible place. This marking shall be legible and durable. In cases where the equipment is too small to carry the marking, it is sufficient to provide the relevant information in the users' manual. 4.4 Auxiliary test equipment All necessary test signal sources and set-up information shall accompany the equipment when it is submitted for testing. The following product information shall be provided by the manufacturer: • the type of modulation technology implemented in the equipment (e.g. FMCW or pulsed); • the operating frequency range(s) of the equipment; SIST EN 302 686 V1.1.1:2011

ETSI ETSI EN 302 686 V1.1.1 (2011-02) 11 • the intended combination of the transmitter/transceiver and its antenna and their corresponding e.i.r.p. levels in the main beam; • the nominal power supply voltages of the radio equipment; • for FMCW, FH, FSK or similar carrier based modulation schemes, it is important to describe the modulation parameters in order to ensure that the right settings of the measuring receiver are used. Important parameters are the modulation period, deviation or dwell times within a modulation period, rate of modulation (Hz/s); • the implementation of features such as gating, hopping or stepped frequency hopping; • the implementation of any mitigation techniques such as duty cycle; • for pulsed equipment, the Pulse Repetition Frequency PRF shall be stated. 4.5 General requirements for RF cables All RF cables including their connectors at both ends used within the measurement arrangements and set-ups shall be of coaxial or waveguide type featuring within the frequency range they are used: • a VSWR of less than 1,2 at either end; • a shielding loss in excess of 60 dB. When using coaxial cables for frequencies above 40 GHz attenuation features increase significantly and decrease of return loss due to mismatching caused by joints at RF connectors and impedance errors shall be considered. All RF cables and waveguide interconnects shall be routed suitably in order to reduce impacts on antenna radiation pattern, antenna gain, antenna impedance. Table 2 provides some information about connector systems that can be used in connection with the cables. Table 2: Connector systems Connector System Frequency Recommended coupling torque N 18 GHz 0,68 Nm to 1,13 Nm SMA 18 GHz (some up to 26 GHz) ~ 0,56 Nm 3,50 mm 26,5 GHz 0,8 Nm to 1,1 Nm 2,92 mm 40 GHz (some up to 46 GHz) 0,8 Nm to 1,1 Nm 2,40 mm 50 GHz (some up to 60 GHz) 0,8 Nm to 1,1 Nm 1,85 mm 65 GHz (some up to 75 GHz) 0,8 Nm to1,1 Nm
4.6 RF waveguides Wired signal transmission in the millimeter range is preferably realized by means of waveguides because they offer low attenuation and high reproducibility. Unlike coaxial cables, the frequency range in which waveguides can be used is limited also towards lower frequencies (highpass filter characteristics). Wave propagation in the waveguide is not possible below a certain cutoff frequency where attenuation of the waveguide is very high. Beyond a certain upper frequency limit, several wave propagation modes are possible so that the behaviour of the waveguide is no longer unambiguous. In the unambiguous range of a rectangular waveguide, only H10 waves are capable of propagation. The dimensions of rectangular and circular waveguides are defined by international standards such as 153-IEC for various frequency ranges. These frequency ranges are also referred to as waveguide bands. They are designated using different capital letters depending on the standard. Table 3 provides an overview of the different waveguide bands together with the designations of the associated waveguides and flanges.
For rectangular waveguides, which are mostly used in measurements, harmonic mixers with matching flanges are available for extending the frequency coverage of measuring receivers. Table 3 provides some information on waveguides. SIST EN 302 686 V1.1.1:2011

ETSI ETSI EN 302 686 V1.1.1 (2011-02) 12 Table 3: Waveguide bands and associated waveguides Band Frequency in GHz Designations Internal dimensions of waveguide Designations of frequently used flanges MIL-W-85 EIA 153-IEC RCSC (British) in mm in inches MIL-F-3922 UG-XXX/U equivalent (reference) Remarks Ka 26,5 to 40,0 3-006 WR-28 R320 WG-22 7,11 x 3,56 0,280 x 0,140 54-006 68-002 67B-005 UG-559/U
UG-381/U Rectangular Rectangular Round Q 33,0 to 55,0 3-010 WR-22 R400 WG-23 5,69 x 2,84 0,224 x 0,112 67B-006 UG-383/U Round U 40,0 to 60,0 3-014 WR-19 R500 WG-24 4,78 x 2,388 0,188 x 0,094 67B-007 UG-383/U-M Round V 50,0 to 75,0 3-017 WR-15 R620 WG-25 3,759 x 1,879 0,148 x 0,074 67B-008 UG-385/U Round E 60,0 to 90,0 3-020 WR-12 R740 WG-26 3,099 x 1,549 0,122 x 0,061 67B-009 UG-387/U Round W 75,0 to 110,0 3-023 WR-10 R900 WG-27 2,540 x 1,270 0,100 x 0,050 67B-010 UG-383/U-M Round
As waveguides are rigid, it is unpractical to set up connections between antenna and measuring receiver with waveguides. Either a waveguide transition to coaxial cable is used or - at higher frequencies - the harmonic mixer is used for frequency extension of the measuring receiver and is directly mounted at the antenna. 4.6.1 Wave Guide Attenuators Due to the fact that external harmonic mixers can only be fed with low RF power it may be necessary to attenuate input powers in defined manner using wave guide attenuators. These attenuators shall be calibrated and suitable to handle corresponding powers. 4.7 External harmonic mixers 4.7.1 Introduction Measuring receivers (test receivers or spectrum analyzers) with coaxial input are commercially available up to 67 GHz. The frequency range is extended from 40 GHz to 67 GHz up to 100 GHz and beyond by means of external harmonic mixers. Harmonic mixers are used because the fundamental mixing commonly employed in the lower frequency range is too complex and expensive or requires components such as preselectors which are not available. Harmonic mixers are waveguide based and have a frequency range matching the waveguide bands. They must not be used outside these bands for calibrated measurements. In harmonic mixers, a harmonic of the local oscillator (LO) is used for signal conversion to a lower intermediate frequency (IF). The advantage of this method is that the frequency range of the local oscillator may be much lower than with fundamental mixing, where the LO frequency must be of the same order (with low IF) or much higher (with high IF) than the input signal (RF).The harmonics are generated in the mixer because of its nonlinearity and are used for conversion. The signal converted to the IF is coupled out of the line which is also used for feeding the LO signal. To obtain low conversion loss of the external mixer, the order of the harmonic used for converting the input signal should be as low as possible. For this, the frequency range of the local oscillator must be as high as possible. LO frequency ranges are for example 3 GHz to 6 GHz or 7 GHz to 15 GHz. IF frequencies are in the range from 320 MHz to about 700 MHz. If the measured air interface is wider than the IF bandwidth, then it is advisable to split the measurement in several frequency ranges, i.e. a one step total RF output power measurement should not be performed. Because of the great frequency spacing between the LO and the IF signal, the two signals can be separated by means of a simple diplexer. The diplexer may be realized as part of the mixer or the spectrum analyzer, or as a separate component. Mixers with an integrated diplexer are also referred to as three-port mixers, mixers without diplexers as two-port mixers. Figure 1 shows an example where a diplexer is used to convey both, the IF and LO frequencies. SIST EN 302 686 V1.1.1:2011

ETSI ETSI EN 302 686 V1.1.1 (2011-02) 13
Figure 1: Set-up of measurement receiver, diplexer and mixer 4.7.2 Signal identification A setup with Harmonic mixers without pre-selection displays always a pair of signals with a spacing of 2 x fIF, as there is no image suppression. For a modulated signal with a bandwidth of > 2 x fIF both, wanted and image response overlap and cannot be separated any more. Depending on the width of the analyzed frequency bands additional responses created from other harmonics may be displayed. In these cases it has to be determined by signal identification techniques, which of the displayed responses are false responses. Signal identification techniques implemented in spectrum analyzers are based on the fact that only responses corresponding to the selected number of harmonic show a frequency spacing of 2 x fIF. This can be used for automated signal identification: apart from the actual measurement sweep, in which the lower sideband is defined as "wanted", a reference sweep is performed. For the reference sweep, the frequency of the LO signal is tuned such that the user-selected harmonic of the LO signal (order m´) is shifted downwards by 2 x fIF relative to the measurement sweep. Parameters which influence the signal identification routines are: • Number of harmonic: the higher the harmonic number the more false responses will be created. A high LO frequency range which results in a lower harmonic number for a given frequency range is desirable. • IF Frequency: the higher the IF frequency of the spectrum analyzer, the greater the spacing at which image frequency response is displayed on the frequency axis. For a single modulated or unmodulated input signal displayed on the frequency axis, an image-free range of 2 x fIF is obtained around this signal in which no signal identification is necessary. 4.7.3 Measurement hints To obtain accurate and reproducible results, the following points should be observed: • A low-loss cable with a substantially flat frequency response should be used for feeding the LO signal to the mixer. The conversion loss of the mixer is normally specified for a defined LO level. It is therefore important to maintain this level at the LO port of the mixer in order to achieve the desired accuracy. This is especially essential if the antenna/ mixer combination is located away from the measuring receiver. • In level correction on the spectrum analyzer, the insertion loss of the cable used for tapping the IF signal is to be taken into account. • If an external diplexer is used for connecting a two-port mixer, the insertion loss of the IF path of the diplexer is to be taken into account in level correctio
...