ETSI EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1 (2006-06)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1:2006
01-september-2006
)LNVQLUDGLMVNLVLVWHPL±.DUDNWHULVWLNHLQ]DKWHYH]DRSUHPRLQDQWHQHWLSDWRþND
WRþND±GHO+DUPRQL]LUDQL(1NL]DMHPDELVWYHQH]DKWHYHþOHQDGLUHNWLYH
5 77(]DDQWHQH
Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-to-point equipment and
antennas; Part 4-2: Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of Article 3.2 of
R&TTE Directive for antennas
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 302 217-4-2 Version 1.2.1
ICS:
33.060.30 Radiorelejni in fiksni satelitski Radio relay and fixed satellite
komunikacijski sistemi communications systems
33.120.40 Antene Aerials
SIST EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1:2006 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1:2006

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SIST EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1:2006

ETSI EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1 (2006-06)
Candidate Harmonized European Standard (Telecommunications series)


Fixed Radio Systems;
Characteristics and requirements
for point-to-point equipment and antennas;
Part 4-2: Harmonized EN covering essential requirements
of Article 3.2 of R&TTE Directive for antennas

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SIST EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1:2006
 2 ETSI EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1 (2006-06)



Reference
REN/TM-04164
Keywords
antenna, DFRS, DRRS, FWA, point-to-point,
radio, regulation, transmission
ETSI
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Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

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© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2006.
All rights reserved.

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ETSI

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SIST EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1:2006
 3 ETSI EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1 (2006-06)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.4
Foreword.4
Introduction .5
1 Scope.7
2 References.8
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .8
3.1 Definitions.8
3.2 Symbols.8
3.3 Abbreviations.8
4 Technical requirements specifications.8
4.1 Environmental profile.9
4.2 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE) .9
4.2.1 Frequency range 0: 1 GHz to 3 GHz .9
4.2.2 Frequency range 1: 3 GHz to 14 GHz .13
4.2.3 Frequency range 2: 14 GHz to 20 GHz.15
4.2.4 Frequency range 3: 20 GHz to 24 GHz.17
4.2.5 Frequency range 4: 24 GHz to 30 GHz.19
4.2.6 Frequency range 5: 30 GHz to 47 GHz.21
4.2.7 Frequency range 6: 47 GHz to 60 GHz.24
4.3 Cross-Polar Discrimination (XPD).26
4.3.1 Frequency range 1 GHz to 3 GHz.26
4.3.2 Frequency range 3 GHz to 60 GHz.27
4.4 Antenna gain.28
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements.28
5.1 Environmental conditions for testing .28
5.2 Wide radio-frequency band covering antennas specification and tests .29
5.3 Essential antenna test suites.29
Annex A (informative): Bibliography.30
Annex B (informative): The EN title in the official languages .31
History .32

ETSI

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SIST EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1:2006
 4 ETSI EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1 (2006-06)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Candidate Harmonized European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical
Committee Transmission and Multiplexing (TM).
The present document has been produced by ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission issued
under Council Directive 98/34/EC (as amended) laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the field of
technical standards and regulations.
The present document is intended to become a Harmonized Standard, the reference of which will be published in the
Official Journal of the European Communities referencing the Directive 1999/5/EC [1] of the European Parliament and
of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual
recognition of their conformity ("the R&TTE Directive").
The present document is part 4 sub-part 2 of a multi-part deliverable covering the Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics
and requirements for point-to-point equipment and antennas, as identified below:
Part 1: "Overview and system-independent common characteristics";
Part 2-1: "System-dependent requirements for digital systems operating in frequency bands where frequency
co-ordination is applied";
Part 2-2: "Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of Article 3.2 of R&TTE Directive for digital
systems operating in frequency bands where frequency co-ordination is applied";
Part 3: "Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of Article 3.2 of R&TTE Directive for equipment
operating in frequency bands where no frequency co-ordination is applied";
Part 4-1: "System-dependent requirements for antennas";
Part 4-2: "Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of Article 3.2 of R&TTE Directive for
antennas".
The present document, with EN 302 217-2-2 and EN 302 217-3 (see bibliography) intend to replace and supersede the
harmonized EN 301 751 (see bibliography) for all P-P equipment and antennas.

National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 2 June 2006
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 September 2006
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 March 2007
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 March 2008

ETSI

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SIST EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1:2006
 5 ETSI EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1 (2006-06)
Introduction
The present document is part of a set of standards designed to fit in a modular structure to cover all radio and
telecommunications terminal equipment under the R&TTE Directive. Each standard is a module in the structure. The
modular structure is shown in figure 1.

Disability*
3.3f
Emergency*
3.3e
Fraud*
3.3d
3.3c
Privacy*
No harm to the network*
3.3b
* If needed
Scoped by
Interworking via the network*
equipment
3.3a class or type
Interworking with the network
Use of spectrum
3.2
New radio harmonized standards
Spectrum
Scoped by frequency and/or equipment type
Radio Product EMC
EN 301 489 multi-part EMC standard
3.1b
EMC
Generic and product standards also notified under EMC Directive
- If needed, new standards for human exposure to
Electromagnetic Fields,
- if needed, new standards for acoustic safety
3.1a
Standards also notified under LV Directive
Safety
Non-radio Radio (RE)
TTE Non-TTE

Figure 1: Modular structure for the various standards used under the R&TTE Directive
ETSI

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SIST EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1:2006
 6 ETSI EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1 (2006-06)
The left hand edge of the figure 1 shows the different clauses of Article 3 of the R&TTE Directive.
For article 3.3 various horizontal boxes are shown. Dotted lines indicate that at the time of publication of the present
document essential requirements in these areas have to be adopted by the Commission. If such essential requirements
are adopted, and as far and as long as they are applicable, they will justify individual standards whose scope is likely to
be specified by function or interface type.
The vertical boxes show the standards under article 3.2 for the use of the radio spectrum by radio equipment. The
scopes of these standards are specified either by frequency (normally in the case where frequency bands are
harmonized) or by radio equipment type.
For article 3.1b the diagram shows EN 301 489, the multi-part product EMC standard for radio used under the EMC
Directive [2].
For article 3.1a the diagram shows the existing safety standards currently used under the LV Directive [3] and new
standards covering human exposure to electromagnetic fields. New standards covering acoustic safety may also be
required.
The bottom of the figure shows the relationship of the standards to radio equipment and telecommunications terminal
equipment. A particular equipment may be radio equipment, telecommunications terminal equipment or both. A radio
spectrum standard will apply if it is radio equipment. An article 3.3 standard will apply as well only if the relevant
essential requirement under the R&TTE Directive is adopted by the Commission and if the equipment in question is
covered by the scope of the corresponding standard. Thus, depending on the nature of the equipment, the essential
requirements under the R&TTE Directive may be covered in a set of standards.
The modularity principle has been taken because:
- it minimizes the number of standards needed. Because equipment may, in fact, have multiple interfaces and
functions it is not practicable to produce a single standard for each possible combination of functions that may
occur in an equipment;
- it provides scope for standards to be added:
- under article 3.2 when new frequency bands are agreed; or
- under article 3.3 should the Commission take the necessary decisions
without requiring alteration of standards that are already published;
- it clarifies, simplifies and promotes the usage of Harmonized Standards as the relevant means of conformity
assessment.
ETSI

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SIST EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1:2006
 7 ETSI EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1 (2006-06)
1 Scope
The present document is intended to cover the provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC (R&TTE Directive) [1] regarding
article 3.2, which states that "[…] radio equipment shall be so constructed that it effectively uses the spectrum allocated
to terrestrial/space radio communications and orbital resources so as to avoid harmful interference".
The present document with EN 302 217-2-2 (see bibliography) and EN 302 217-3 (see bibliography) intend to replace
and supersede, after a suitable transition period, the harmonized EN 301 751 (see bibliography) for all P-P equipment
and antennas. It is applicable only to antenna types that are intended for use with the systems falling within the scope of
documents EN 302 217-2-2 (see bibliography) and EN 302 217-3 (see bibliography).
Those documents introduces, for systems (equipment and antennas) already covered by EN 301 751 (see bibliography),
equal, technically equivalent or less stringent requirements. Therefore, from a strictly technical point of view, it is
expected that antennas, covered in the present document and already conforming to the previous EN 301 751
(see bibliography), would not need a new test report for re-assessment of essential requirements according this new
EN 302 217 series (see notes); however, legal implications with respect to the declaration of conformity have not been
considered, not being in the scope of the present document.
NOTE 1: Few antenna types of the lower classes, covered by EN 301 751, based on EN 300 631 and EN 300 833
(see these references in the bibliography), have not been carried over into the present document because
no longer considered appropriate, from the system point of view, with the increasing demand of spectrum
in ETSI Countries, and therefore no more suitable for essential requirements under article 3.2 of the
R&TTE Directive [1] within the European Union. Nevertheless, recognizing that ETSI ENs have
worldwide relevance, they are still found into EN 302 217-4-1 (see bibliography).
In addition to the present document, other ENs that specify technical requirements in respect of essential requirements
under other parts of article 3 of the R&TTE Directive will apply to equipment within the scope of the present document.
NOTE 2: A list of such ENs is included on the web site http://www.newapproach.org.
In order to technically cover different market and network requirements, with an appropriate balance of performance to
cost and effective and appropriate use of the radio spectrum, the present document, together with EN 302 217-2-2
(see bibliography), offers a number of system types and antennas alternatives, for selection by administrations,
operators and manufacturers dependent on the desired use of the radio spectrum and network/market requirements;
those options include:
• channel separation alternatives (as provided by the relevant CEPT Recommendation);
• spectral efficiency class alternatives (different complexity of modulation formats provided in radio equipment
standards);
• antenna directivity class alternatives (for different network density requirement).
The present document is considered applicable to fixed radio systems products with integral antennas, for which all the
technical requirements included in the present document, in EN 302 217-2-2 (see bibliography) and in EN 302 217-3
(see bibliography) apply; the present document applies, as well, to separate antenna products, to which only the relevant
technical requirements apply. For more background information on the equipment and antenna parameters relevant to
Article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive see EG 201 399 (see bibliography) and TR 101 156 (see bibliography).
ETSI

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SIST EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1:2006
 8 ETSI EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1 (2006-06)
2 References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present
document.
• References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
[1] Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio
equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their
conformity (R&TTE Directive).
[2] ETSI EN 301 126-3-1 (V1.1.2): "Fixed Radio Systems; Conformance testing;
Part 3-1: Point-to-Point antennas; Definitions, general requirements and test procedures".
[3] ETSI EN 302 217-1 (V1.1.3): "Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for
point-to-point equipment and antennas; Part 1: Overview and system-independent common
characteristics".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in EN 302 217-1 [3] apply.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the symbols given in EN 302 217-1 [3] apply.
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in EN 302 217-1 [3] apply.
4 Technical requirements specifications
In the following clauses, electrical characteristics are given as function of specific classification of the antennas
according to the principles referred to in EN 302 217-4-1 (see bibliography).
The antenna supplier shall state, for each antenna type, the frequency band of operation and antenna gain at least at the
frequency band edges and at mid-band. An antenna, which employs a radome, shall meet the requirements of the
present document with the radome in place. The antenna system shall radiate a linear (single or dual) polarized wave. In
bands where frequency co-ordination is applied, single polarized antennas shall meet cross-polar RPE and XPD
requirements also.
NOTE: In bands where frequency co-ordination is not applied, cross-polar RPE and XPD are not considered as
essential requirements for R&TTE Directive [1] conformance, even if the antenna is actually dual
polarized. Values given in the present document should be considered for reference purposes only. For
definition of co-ordination in frequency bands, refer to definitions in EN 302 217-1 [3].
ETSI

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SIST EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1:2006
 9 ETSI EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1 (2006-06)
4.1 Environmental profile
The technical requirements of the present document apply with respect to the environmental profile for operation of the
antenna or the equipment-antenna assembly (in case of systems with integral antenna), which shall be declared by the
supplier. The antenna shall comply with all the technical requirements of the present document at all times when
operating within the boundary limits of the declared operational environmental profile. For testing the compliance to
technical requirements refer also to EN 301 126-3-1 [2] and clause 5 in the present document.
4.2 Radiation Pattern Envelope (RPE)
The present document defines only RPE which characteristics are considered suitable, within the European Community,
and relevant to essential requirements under article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive [1]; however, it is recognized that ETSI
ENs have worldwide relevance and therefore, in other countries, there might be applications and low density radio
networks that justify a different trade-off in terms of performance, size and cost. Therefore in EN 302 217-4-1
(see bibliography) other Class 1 antenna RPE are standardized for such purpose.
Not all classes of antennas defined in EN 302 217-4-1 (see bibliography) are presently represented by specific RPEs in
the present document; missing RPEs are intended for future inclusion whenever the market might possibly require them.
Table 1 provides for each frequency range an overview of the currently standardized antenna classes.
Table 1: Summary of RPE classes represented in the present document
Frequency range Antenna Radiation Pattern
(GHz) Envelope (RPE) class
1 to 3 1A, 1B, 1C, 2, 3
3 to 14 2, 3, 4
14 to 20 2, 3, 4
20 to 24 2, 3, 4
24 to 30 2, 3, 4
30 to 47 2, 3A, 3B, 3C, 4
47 to 60 2, 3A, 3B

4.2.1 Frequency range 0: 1 GHz to 3 GHz
The choice of antenna depends on the application planned for this band, requirements of the operators and the
responsible administration. Figures 2 to 7 give the RPEs for antenna classes 1, 2 and 3.
ETSI

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SIST EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1:2006
 10 ETSI EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1 (2006-06)
30
20
16
10
Co-polar Pattern
6
Gain, dBi
0
-5
-6
Cross-polar pattern
-10
-20
-30
-40
30 50
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
ANGLE OF AZIMUTH RELATIVE TO MAIN BEAM (degrees)

Angle (°) Co-polar (dBi) Angle (°) Cross-polar (dBi)
20 16 20 0
50 6 30 0
100 6 50 -6
140 -5 180 -6
180 -5

Figure 2: Class 1A antenna RPE (1 GHz to 3 GHz)
30
20
10
Co-polar Pattern
6
Gain, dBi
0
-5
-6
Cross-polar pattern
-10
-20
-30
-40
15 50
30
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
ANGLE OF AZIMUTH RELATIVE TO MAIN BEAM (degrees)

Angle (°) Co-polar (dBi) Angle (°) Cross-polar (dBi)
15 20 20 0
40 6 30 0
100 6 50 -6
140 -5 180 -6
180 -5

Figure 3: Class 1B antenna RPE (1 GHz to 3 GHz)
ETSI

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SIST EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1:2006
 11 ETSI EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1 (2006-06)
30
20
12
10
4
Co-polar pattern
Gain, dBi 0
-7
-10
Cross-polar pattern
-20
-30
-40
30 110
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
ANGLE OF AZIMUTH RELATIVE TO MAIN BEAM (degrees)

Azimuth angle (°) Co-polar (dBi) Azimuth angle (°) Cross-polar (dBi)
20 12 20 0
40 4 30 0
110 -7 100 -10
180 -7 180 -10

Figure 4: Class 1C antenna RPE (1 GHz to 3 GHz, azimuth plane)
20

15
10
5
Gain, dBi
1
0
-4
5
10
15
0 1020 3040 50 6070 80 90
ANGLE OF ELEVATION RELATIVE TO MAIN BEAM (degrees)

Elevation angle (°) dBi
20 15
60 1
90 -4

Figure 5: Class 1C antennas RPE (1 GHz to 3 GHz, elevation plane)
ETSI

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SIST EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1:2006
 12 ETSI EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1 (2006-06)
30
20
12
10
Co-polar pattern
4
Gain, dBi 0
Cross-polar pattern
-10
-12
-15
-20
-30
-40
30 90
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
ANGLE OF AZIMUTH RELATIVE TO MAIN BEAM (degrees)

Angle (°) Co-polar (dBi) Angle (°) Cross-polar (dBi)
20 12 20 0
40 4 30 0
90 4 100 -15
120 -12 180 -15
180 -12

Figure 6: Class 2 antenna RPE (1 GHz to 3 GHz)
30
20
18
10
Co-polar Pattern
3
2
Gain, dBi
0
-10
Cross-polar pattern
-18
-20
-30
-40
10 30 110
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
ANGLE OF AZIMUTH RELATIVE TO MAIN BEAM (degrees)

Angle (°) Co-polar (dBi) Angle (°) Cross-polar (dBi)
10 18 20 0
30 3 30 0
80 2 100 -20
110 -18 180 -20
180 -18

Figure 7: Class 3 antenna RPE (1 GHz to 3 GHz)
ETSI

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SIST EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1:2006
 13 ETSI EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1 (2006-06)
4.2.2 Frequency range 1: 3 GHz to 14 GHz
The choice of antenna depends on the application planned for this band, requirements of the operators and the
responsible administration. Figures 8 to 10 give the RPEs for antenna classes 2, 3 and 4.

Frequency range 1  3 GHz to 14 GHz
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
0
2040 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Angle of azimuth relative to main beam axis (degree)
Co polar (dBi) Cross polar (dBi)

Angle (°) Co-polar (dBi) Angle (°) Cross-polar (dBi)
5 26 5 10
10 20 10 5
20 12 15 5
50 5 30 -3
65 2 70 -3
80 2 100 -20
105 -20 180 -20
180 -20

Figure 8: Class 2 antennas RPE (3 GHz to 14 GHz)
ETSI
Gain (dBi)

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SIST EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1:2006
 14 ETSI EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1 (2006-06)
Frequency range 1  3 GHz - 14 GHz
Frequency range 1  3 GHz - 14 GHz
30
30
20
20
10 10
0 0
-10 -10
-20 -20
-30
-30
-40
-40
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Angle of azimuth relative to main beam axis (degree)
Angle of azimuth relative to main beam axis (degree)
Co polar (dBi) Cross polar (dBi)
Co polar (dBi) Cross polar (dBi)


Angle (°) Co-polar (dBi) Angle (°) Cross-polar (dBi)
Angle (°) Co-polar (dBi) Angle (°) Cross-polar (dBi)
5 20 5 5
5 16 5 5
20 8 10 0
10 5 10 0
70 -5 13 -5
20 -7 13 -5
100 -25 20 -5 50 -18 20 -15
180 -25 40 -6
70 -20 30 -20
 50 -10
85 -24 40 -24
 75 -15
105 -30 45 -24
 95 -25
180 -30 70 -25
 180 -25
 85 -25
  105 -33
Figure 9: Class 3 antennas RPE (3 GHz to 14 GHz)  180 -33

Figure 10: Class 4 antennas RPE (3 GHz to 14 GHz)
ETSI
Gain (dBi)
Gain (dBi)

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SIST EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1:2006
 15 ETSI EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1 (2006-06)
4.2.3 Frequency range 2: 14 GHz to 20 GHz
The choice of antenna depends on the application planned for this band, requirements of the operators and the
responsible administration. Figures 11 to 13 give the RPEs for antenna classes 2 to 4.
Frequency range 2  14 GHz - 20 GHz
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Angle of azimuth relative to main beam axis (degree)
Co polar (dBi) Cross polar (dBi)

Angle (°) Co-polar (dBi) Angle (°) Cross-polar (dBi)
5 25 5 10
15 13 7 7
20 10 15 2
70 0 20 2
80 -8 25 -1
100 -18 45 -1
160 -20 70 -10
180 -20 90 -20
 180 -20

Figure 11: Class 2 antennas RPE (14 GHz to 20 GHz)
ETSI
Gain (dBi)

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SIST EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1:2006
 16 ETSI EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1 (2006-06)
Frequency range 2  14 GHz - 20 GHz
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Angle of azimuth relative to main beam axis (degree)
Co polar (dBi) Cross polar (dBi)

Angle Co-polar Angle Cross-polar
(°) (dBi) (°) (dBi)
5 18 5 5
10 9 10 1
25 2 30 -13
60 -4 50 -15
95 -27 85 -25
180 -27 95 -31
 180 -31

Figure 12: Class 3 antennas RPE (14 GHz to 20 GHz)
ETSI
Gain (dBi)

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SIST EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1:2006
 17 ETSI EN 302 217-4-2 V1.2.1 (2006-06)
Frequency range 2 14 GHz- 20 GHz
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
020 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Angle of azimuth relative to main beam axis (degree)
Co polar (dBi) Cross polar (dBi)

Angle (°) Co-polar (dBi) Angle (°) Cross-polar (dBi)
5 18 5 -3
10 9 13 -7
20 -4 20 -15
40 -13 30 -20
80 -25 65 -22
100 -30 95 -31
180 -30 180 -31

...