ETSI TR 103 545 V1.1.1 (2018-08)

TECHNICAL REPORT
SmartM2M;
Pilot test definition and guidelines for testing cooperation
between oneM2M and Ag equipment standards

2 ETSI TR 103 545 V1.1.1 (2018-08)

Reference
DTR/SmartM2M-103545
Keywords
alarm, ITS, M2M, oneM2M
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00  Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

Important notice
The present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org/standards-search
The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or
print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any
existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the only prevailing document is the
print of the Portable Document Format (PDF) version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
https://portal.etsi.org/TB/ETSIDeliverableStatus.aspx
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
https://portal.etsi.org/People/CommiteeSupportStaff.aspx
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying
and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI.
The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© ETSI 2018.
All rights reserved.
TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS and the ETSI logo are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members.
TM TM
3GPP and LTE are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and
of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
oneM2M logo is protected for the benefit of its Members. ®
GSM and the GSM logo are trademarks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI
3 ETSI TR 103 545 V1.1.1 (2018-08)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Executive summary . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Definitions . 8
3.2 Abbreviations . 8
4 Global Overview . 10
4.1 Rationale. 10
4.2 Objective . 11
5 Scenario definition and collection of requirements . 11
5.1 Detection of slow agriculture or forestry equipment on the road . 11
5.1.1 Description . 11
5.1.2 Actors . 12
5.1.3 Pre-conditions . 13
5.1.4 Triggers . 13
5.1.5 Normal Flow . 13
5.1.6 Alternative flows . 14
5.1.6.1 Alternative flow 1: Safety issue is detected by the agriculture or forestry equipment . 14
5.1.6.2 Alternative flow 2: Infrastructure equipment is involved in the alert . 15
5.1.7 Post-conditions . 15
5.1.8 High Level Illustration . 16
5.2 Potential requirements . 16
5.2.1 ITS messages main parameters . 16
5.2.2 Scenario requirements for the pilot test . 17
5.2.3 Potential requirements for a M2M system . 18
6 Test definition and guidelines . 18
6.1 Overview . 18
6.2 Data model . 19
6.2.1 Parameters for the data model. 19
6.2.2 Functional Architecture . 21
6.2.3 Data model files . 23
6.2.4 Semantic model . 24
6.3 Protocols and interfaces . 26
6.4 Data management for the exchange of information . 27
6.5 Security of connectivity and data . 40
6.6 Guidelines for the implementation of the pilot test and parametrization . 41
6.6.1 Test Setup . 41
6.6.2 Triggering conditions . 42
6.6.3 Configuration and common parameters . 43
6.6.3.1 OneM2M system configuration . 43
6.6.3.2 C-ITS sub-system configuration . 44
6.6.3.3 ISO 11783 sub-system configuration . 44
6.6.4 Test Procedure . 44
7 Conclusion . 49
Annex A: Summary of ISO 11783 protocol stack . 50
ETSI
4 ETSI TR 103 545 V1.1.1 (2018-08)
A.1 High level description . 50
A.2 Protocol stack . 51
A.3 High-level CAN mechanism . 51
Annex B: Summary of oneM2M architecture . 53
B.1 oneM2M functional architecture (from [i.1]) . 53
B.2 Interworking with non-oneM2M entities . 54
B.3 Resources . 54
B.4 Primitives (from ETSI TS 118 104) . 55
B.5 Semantic description . 56
Annex C: Preliminary simplified ontology for the pilot prototype . 58
Annex D: Change History . 59
History . 60

ETSI
5 ETSI TR 103 545 V1.1.1 (2018-08)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Smart Machine-to-Machine
communications (SmartM2M).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Executive summary
Agricultural and Forestry accidents have a relevant social impact in the farming and forestry sector. A consistent
number of accidents are involving agricultural machinery and road vehicles. In some cases, they cause heavy or fatal
injuries. To increase and manage a proactive collaboration between the agriculture sector and the automotive industry,
AEF, Agricultural Industry Electronics Foundation, decided to define a technical solution to mitigate the risk of
collision. This solution intends to inform the drivers circulating at a higher speed on the public network that a
slow-motion vehicle is entering the road or is on the road.
AEF had already started machine to machine (M2M) communication and through a collaboration with ETSI, AEF
wants to extend these specifications in relation with the oneM2M and ITS environments.
The purpose and goal of oneM2M is to develop technical specifications which address the need for a common M2M
Service Layer that can be readily embedded within various hardware and software and relied upon to connect the
myriad of devices in the field with M2M application servers worldwide.
ITS "Intelligent Transport Systems" refers to the application of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to
transport. These applications are being developed for different transport modes and for interaction between them.
AEF is the primary hub for ISOBUS knowledge and support, and the ITS and oneM2M environments combined with
AEF Certified products were constituting the proper test environment to broadcast the warning message from
agriculture and forestry equipment to the on-road vehicles via Cooperative ITS (C-ITS).
ETSI
6 ETSI TR 103 545 V1.1.1 (2018-08)
The present document has the purpose of specifying a pilot test aiming at the dissemination of a warning message to
road vehicles. The coordination between the detection of this event and the sending of the notification message will be
done using an oneM2M platform in the tractor as a starting point.

ETSI
7 ETSI TR 103 545 V1.1.1 (2018-08)
1 Scope
The present document provides the necessary input for a pilot Plugtests™ event to validate the possible cooperation
between the oneM2M platform and AEF ISO 11783 standards implemented for communication inside and between
agriculture & forestry machines. The document focuses on the description and planning of the pilot test, it is not
intended to be at the level of a developer guide.
The pilot use case will consider a tractor entering a road from the fields. The collaboration of Agri IoT and the oneM2M
platform will enable to trigger the transmission of an alarm to the cars on the road. ETSI TC ITS standards, such as
ETSI EN 302 637-3 [i.4] (Decentralized Environmental Notification Basic Service) are also part of this cooperation
between standards in the use case to be demonstrated.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI TS 118 101: "oneM2M; Functional Architecture (oneM2M TS-0001)".
[i.2] ETSI TS 118 103: "oneM2M; Security solutions (oneM2M TS-0003)".
[i.3] ETSI EN 302 637-2: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications; Basic Set
of Applications; Part 2: Specification of Cooperative Awareness Basic Service".
[i.4] ETSI EN 302 637-3: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications; Basic Set
of Applications; Part 3: Specifications of Decentralized Environmental Notification Basic
Service".
[i.5] ISO 11783-7: "Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry -- Serial control and
communications data network -- Part 7: Implement messages application layer".
[i.6] ISO 11783-9: "Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry -- Serial control and
communications data network -- Part 9: Tractor ECU".
[i.7] AEF web site.
NOTE: Available at https://www.aef-online.org/home.html.
[i.8] ETSI TS 102 894-2 (V1.2.2): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Users and applications
requirements; Part 2: Applications and facilities layer common data dictionary".
th
[i.9] 5 Cooperative Mobility Services Plugtests event; ETSI CTI Plugtests Guide V1.1.1 (2016-11).
NOTE: Available at https://portal.etsi.org/Portals/0/TBpages/CTI/Docs/ITS_CMS_Plugtest5_Tests_FINAL.pdf.
[i.10] ISO 11783-6: "Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry -- Serial control and
communications data network -- Part 6: Virtual terminal".
ETSI
8 ETSI TR 103 545 V1.1.1 (2018-08)
[i.11] ISO 11783-10: "Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry -- Serial control and
communications data network -- Part 10: Task controller and management information system data
interchange".
[i.12] ETSI TS 118 104: "oneM2M; Service Layer Core Protocol (oneM2M TS-0004)".
[i.13] ETSI TS 118 109: "oneM2M; HTTP Protocol Binding (oneM2M TS-0009)".
[i.14] ISO 11783-1: "Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry -- Serial control and
communications data network -- Part 1: General standard for mobile data communication".
[i.15] ISO 11783-2: "Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry -- Serial control and
communications data network -- Part 2: Physical layer".
[i.16] ISO 11783-3: "Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry -- Serial control and
communications data network -- Part 3: Data link layer".
[i.17] ISO 11783-4: "Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry -- Serial control and
communications data network -- Part 4: Network layer".
[i.18] SAE J1939-2: "Agricultural and Forestry Off-Road Machinery and Communication Network".
[i.19] ISO 11898-2: "Road vehicles - Controller area network (CAN) -- Part 2: High-speed medium
access unit".
[i.20] W3C Recommendation: "RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax", 25 February 2014.
[i.21] ETSI TS 118 113: "oneM2M; Interoperability Testing (oneM2M TS-0013)".
[i.22] ETSI EN 302 663: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Access layer specification for Intelligent
Transport Systems operating in the 5 GHz frequency band".
[i.23] ETSI TS 103 264: "SmartM2M; Smart Appliances; Reference Ontology and oneM2M Mapping".
[i.24] ETSI TS 118 112: "oneM2M; Base Ontology (oneM2M TS-0012)".
[i.25] ISO 11783 (all parts): "Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry -- Serial control and
communications data network".
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
agriculture and forestry equipment: tractor, self-propelled machines (sprayer, combine harvester machine, tree
harvester, forwarder, etc.)
implement: pulled equipment
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AE Application Entity
AEF Agricultural industry Electronics Foundation
AE-ID Application Entity Identifier
API Application Programming Interface
CAM Cooperative Awareness Message
CAN Controller Area Network
CCH Control Channel
ETSI
9 ETSI TR 103 545 V1.1.1 (2018-08)
CF Control Function
C-ITS Cooperative ITS
CMS Cooperative Mobility Services
CoAP Constrained Application Protocol
CRUD Create Retrieve Update Delete
CSE Common Services Entity
CSF Common Services Function
DA Destination Address
DENM Decentralized Environmental Notification Message
DEULA Bundesverband der Deutschen Lehranstalten für Agrartechnik
DIS Discovery
DLG Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft
DMR Data Management and Repository
ECU Electronic Control Unit
ECU-P Electronic Control Unit in Private/proprietary vehicle network
ETSI European Telecommunication Standards Institute
G5-CCH ITS-G5 (ITS 5,9 GHZ frequency band) Control Channel
GN Geo-Networking
GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
GPS Global Positioning System
HAE Host Agriculture or forestry Equipment
HF High Frequency
HIL Hardware In the Loop
HMI Human Machine Interface
HT Header Type
HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol
HV Host Vehicle
ICT Information and Communications Technologies
ID IDentifier
IN Infrastructure Node
IN-CSE CSE which resides in the Infrastructure Node
IoT Internet of Things
IP Internet Protocol
IPC Inter-Process Communication
IPE Interworking Proxy application Entity
ISO International Organization for Standardization
ISOBUS ISO (11783) Bus
ITS Intelligent Transport System
ITS-S ITS Station
KPI Key Performance Indicator
LF Low Frequency
M2M Machine to Machine
Mca Reference Point for M2M Communication with AE
Mcc Reference Point for M2M Communication with CSE
MCG Management Computer Gateway
MN Middle Node
MN-CSE CSE which resides in the Middle Node
MQTT Message Queuing Telemetry Transport
N&T Networking and Transport
NSE Network Service Entity
OBU On-Board Unit
OSI Open Systems Interconnection (model)
OWL Web Ontology Language
PDU Protocol Data Unit
PGN Parameter Group Number
PT Project Team
RDF Resource Description Framework
REG REGistration
REST Representational State Transfer
RN Resource Name
RSU Road Side Unit
RTK Real-Time Kinematics
ETSI
10 ETSI TR 103 545 V1.1.1 (2018-08)
SA Source Address
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers
SAREF Smart Appliances REFerence ontology
SEC SECurity
SEM SEMantics engine
SP Service Provider
SUB SUBscription and notification
TC Technical Committee
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TECU Tractor ECU
TMC Traffic Monitoring Centre
UC Use Case
UDP User Datagram Protocol
URI Uniform Resource Identifier
USB Universal Serial Bus
UTC Coordinated Universal Time
V2V Vehicle to Vehicle
VT Virtual Terminal
XML eXtensible Markup Language
4 Global Overview
4.1 Rationale
In many cases, the definition proposed by horizontal sectors is not correlated to the needs of the end-users in vertical
applications. It is thus necessary to collect the real needs from the end-users or at the level of the machine producers. In
the agricultural domain, the soil definition, the certification of the pulled equipment, all these KPIs are developed at the
level of the vertical sector and an alignment of the sector with the main stakeholders of the industry already exists.
Without a consolidation between the vertical domain and the horizontal domain, the KPIs can hardly be considered as
benefits from the sector, and silos will remain. Security and safety also needs to be addressed across sectors as trust is a
vital requirement between the different sectors.
The agricultural industry is supplying a diverse market and is driven by innovations of numerous manufacturers. The
objective of the Agricultural Industry Electronics Foundation (AEF [i.7]) is the interoperability of different
manufacturer's equipment via common standards. This is being facilitated by joint approaches of the industry to
technical challenges around electrical systems, electronics and software in agricultural technology and farming.
Initially established in order to address standardization work for ISOBUS systems (ISO 11783, e.g. [i.5] and [i.6]), the
AEF's focus was expanded to a wider range of topics including electrification, camera systems, farm management
information systems, Ethernet communication and wireless in-field communication. Specifically, Project Team 11 (PT
11) handles wireless in-field communication. PT 11's focus spans from technology decisions for suitable radio standards
and corresponding transport layer protocols for machine-to-machine (M2M) communication to vehicle security and
functional reliability.
ISO 11783 [i.25] is a family of fourteen standards that specify the communication between connected Electronic
Control Units (ECU) on the vehicle network of tractors and self-propelled agricultural machines as well as on
detachable, pulled farm equipment. Parts 1 to 14 of the standard cover all layers of the protocol stack ranging from a
Controller Area Network (CAN) topology at the physical layer up to the specification of control functions (CF) and
Virtual Terminal (VT, remote control) sessions on application layer. All communication utilizes industry-wide
standardized data dictionaries.
A typical ISO 11783 scenario comprises a tractor pulling a planter connected to the tractor's main ECU (Tractor ECU,
TECU) via the ISOBUS network: The planter's domain-specific functionalities are being remote controlled via the VT
(display) in the tractor cabin. At the same time the planter is receiving wheel speed and positioning signals from the
TECU in order to adjust the planting rate to a user-defined target rate. The planter sends sensor data on work coverage
and precision to the tractor network in order to be recorded by the corresponding ISO 11783 applications. In particular,
via ISO 11783-7 [i.5] (Implement Messages Application Layer) and ISO 11783-9 [i.6] (Tractor ECU), the ISO 11783
implement network provides a gateway for the exchange of information between all the platforms of the agriculture &
forestry industry.
ETSI
11 ETSI TR 103 545 V1.1.1 (2018-08)
The objective of the present document is to provide the necessary input for a pilot Plugtests™ event to validate the
possible cooperation between the oneM2M platform [i.1] and AEF ISO 11783 standards [i.5], [i.6], [i.10], [i.11], [i.14],
[i.15], [i.16] and [i.17] implemented for communication inside and between agriculture & forestry machines. ETSI TC
ITS standards, such as ETSI EN 302 637-3 [i.4] (Decentralized Environmental Notification Basic Service) are part of
this cooperation in the use case to be demonstrated.
TM
The pilot Plugtests will focus on the interworking between the oneM2M platform and AEF ISO 11783 standards
implemented for communication inside and between agriculture & forestry machines. The demonstrated use case will
also make use of Cooperative ITS messages, described in ETSI TC ITS standards, such as ETSI EN 302 637-3 [i.4]
(Decentralized Environmental Notification Basic Service).
4.2 Objective
The main scenario envisioned for the pilot Plugtests™ event consists in the dissemination of a warning message to road
vehicles as soon as an agriculture or forestry equipment leaves the field for road transport. The coordination between
the detection of this event and the sending of the notification message will be done using an oneM2M platform in the
tractor.
Figure 1: Schematic: Agriculture or forestry equipment leaves field and enters a road
5 Scenario definition and collection of requirements
5.1 Detection of slow agriculture or forestry equipment on the
road
5.1.1 Description
The scenario addresses the case when an agriculture or forestry equipment manoeuvring in a field enters a public road
where other vehicles are passing by. This scenario is an adaptation and evolution of the test "UC2: Detection of
th
dangerous goods information and local dissemination" described in clause 6.2 of the 5 Cooperative Mobility Services
(CMS) Plugtests™ event (CMS5) [i.9].
The information related to the situation of the agriculture or forestry equipment is analysed and detected by a
specialized ECU on the vehicle. In addition to the ISO 11783 stack, this ECU is connected to a M2M service platform
(service and application entities) that collects the relevant data from the ECU. The M2M platform is also able to trigger
the dissemination of C-ITS messages as needed to passing-by vehicles. The information that the equipment is entering
the road is provided to neighbouring vehicles by a "slow vehicle" event, disseminated as a CAM (Cooperative
Awareness Message) [i.3] and notified as needed as a DENM (Decentralized Environmental Notification Message)
[i.4]. An alternate safety scenario can be envisioned in the reverse direction, i.e. when a CAM received from a car
approaching on the road is transposed to the M2M platform and triggers an alert on the Human Machine Interface
(HMI) of the agriculture or forestry equipment using its internal ECU. Due to the low network coverage in rural areas,
V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) communication is envisioned but dissemination of the information to an M2M application
server through a road side unit (RSU) is also considered as a third alternate scenario.
ETSI
12 ETSI TR 103 545 V1.1.1 (2018-08)
The present clause describes the normal flow and the two alternative flows. The latter are presented for the purpose of
completeness, they are considered as optional implementations. Only the normal flow will be studied in clause 6 and
evaluated in the pilot test.
The envisioned protocol stack in the tractor is provided in Figure 2. Figure 2 shows the M2M service platform sitting on
top of three pillars: an eMobility pillar on the left (or ITS station), able to send and receive C-ITS messages; an
ISO 11783 pillar on the right, which provides selected data available on the vehicle network through a specific
interface; and finally, an IoT communications pillar in the middle for sensors able to interface directly with the M2M
platform. The definition of the mechanism for interfacing the M2M platform with the vehicle network for the pilot test
is one of the main objectives of the present document. It should be noted that the third pillar is shown here (greyed) but
most of the sensors on board of the agriculture or forestry equipment are expected to be connected through the
ISO 11783-9 [i.6] TECU and comply with its security rules.

Figure 2: Envisioned protocol stack
5.1.2 Actors
• Vehicles from the agricultural domain are in the following being referred to as Host Agriculture or forestry
Equipment (HAE). This includes tractors with and without pull-behind equipment as well as self-propelled
equipment such as combine or forage harvesters, sprayers, potato or beet harvesters, forestry harvesters and
forwarders.
• ISO 11783 certified agricultural vehicles are equipped with an ISOBUS terminal in order to read or adjust
machine values and for remote control functionalities. The ISOBUS terminal in general includes a touch
screen or several hardware buttons for user input. It is the central interface for machine information and safety
warnings. In the following this on-board display is referred as the HAE HMI, which is considered an optional
component for the below test scenario.
• One or several Host Vehicles (HV) are passing by on the road. A HV is equipped with a device capable to
send, receive and process the C-ITS messages.
• The HMI of the HV is located in the on-board telematics unit. It is able to notify a warning to the driver of the
vehicle through means such as a beep sound, a short text message appearing on a reduced screen, a visual sign
on a larger screen or even a map showing the blinking position of the HAE.
• The RSU is an optional equipment used only for the alternative flow 2 as a communication relay between the
devices in the vehicles. The RSU is able to receive and process all the received messages. It may be able to
work autonomously to detect the safety issue or it may use an internet connection to the cloud, for example to
connect to a traffic monitoring centre (TMC). In this case the RSU acts as a gateway between the vehicles
(including the HAE) and the TMC.
ETSI
13 ETSI TR 103 545 V1.1.1 (2018-08)
5.1.3 Pre-conditions
• The HV is driving on the road and approaches the pilot test area.
• The HAE is in the field and not in work state: HAE vehicles are likely to exceed the maximum allowed
transport width for road traffic. Therefore, in case of a tractor with pull-behind equipment, the transport
("not-in-work") state refers to the implement being folded and not ready-to-work. For a self-propelled farm
vehicle, the header required to pick up the harvest is folded as well or detached from the front of the HAE.
• For the HAE to determine its location change from field to road, it is essential to receive a reliable GNSS
positioning signal. Besides that, ISO 11783 defines a set of signals considered helpful for the classification of
the HAE's current position. The required information is sent out by one or more ISO 11783 certified ECUs on
the vehicle's CAN bus. Additional manual indicators for the HAE operator's intention to enter the road are turn
signals and the activation of a beacon light.
• The HV ITS Station OBU disseminates awareness messages (e.g. C-ITS CAMs), indicating its position, speed
and direction, as provided by the HV sensors.
5.1.4 Triggers
The primary trigger for the use case in the normal flow described below is defined as the HAE's position change from
"in the field" to "on (or entering) the road". An important objective for the warning sign is to avoid false positive
notifications in order to preserve the significance of the warning information content. For the slow vehicle warning it is
therefore crucial to rely on an accurate classifier for the two states of the HAE "operating in the field" and "participating
in road traffic".
5.1.5 Normal Flow
In this flow, the HAE sends a notification and an alert is visualized in the HV HMI:
1) The HAE detects the change of location based on its GNSS receiver.
2) The HAE determines that the current position interferes with road traffic via offline map information. For
additional validation of the intention to enter the road, it detects the transport mode from the machine state or a
relevant operator input (e.g. turn signal).
3) The HAE disseminates the information using an event notification message (e.g. DENM).
4) The HV receives the event notification message. It is processed by the C-ITS stack and transferred to the
relevant application for validation and comparison with the HV's own internal data (e.g. position and speed).
5) The application in the HV determines that the received notification is relevant and a safety issue may happen.
It notifies the driver through the HV HMI to inform her/him that an action may be needed, for example
slowing down.
ETSI
14 ETSI TR 103 545 V1.1.1 (2018-08)

Figure 3: Main flow
5.1.6 Alternative flows
5.1.6.1 Alternative flow 1: Safety issue is detected by the agriculture or forestry
equipment
In this flow, the HAE detects the safety issues and an alert is visualized in the HAE HMI:
1) The HAE detects the change of location based on its GNSS receiver.
2) The HAE receives the awareness messages (CAMs) from the HV. It forwards its content to the relevant
application in the HAE.
3) The HAE uses the IoT interworking with the ISO 11783 vehicle network to retrieve additional information for
further processing.
4) The HAE determines that a safety issue may happen. It transfers the information to the ISO 11783 vehicle
network, which notifies the driver through its HMI.

Figure 4: Alternative flow 1
ETSI
15 ETSI TR 103 545 V1.1.1 (2018-08)
5.1.6.2 Alternative flow 2: Infrastructure equipment is involved in the alert
In this flow, the HAE sends a notification which is detected and disseminated by infrastructure equipment:
1) The HAE detects the change of location based on its GNSS receiver.
2) The HAE determines that the current position interferes with road traffic via offline map information and
disseminates the information using periodic CAM messages.
3) The message is received by the RSU which aggregates all the messages received and transfers the information
to the TMC, using its Internet connection. The RSU may also operate autonomously to monitor its covered
area and analyse the potential issues.
4) The TMC (or the RSU) determines the safety issue and disseminates (through the RSU in case of the TMC) an
event notification message (e.g. DENM) in the relevant area.
5) The HV receives the event notification message. It is processed by the C-ITS stack and transferred to the
relevant application for validation and comparison with the HV's own internal data (e.g. position and speed).
6) The application in the HV determines that the received notification is relevant and a safety issue may happen.
It notifies the driver through the HV HMI to inform her/him that an action may be needed, for example
slowing down.
7) The HAE determines that a safety issue may happen. It transfers the information to the ISO 11783 vehicle
network, which notifies the driver through its HMI.

Figure 5: Alternative flow 2
5.1.7 Post-conditions
• In all cases, the HAE disseminates an awareness message (CAM) to signal its presence.
• Main flow and alternative flow 2: the HV driver slows down to avoid potential collision.
• Alternative flow 1: the HAE driver waits until the HV has passed before entering the road.
ETSI
16 ETSI TR 103 545 V1.1.1 (2018-08)
5.1.8 High Level Illustration
Figure 6: High level illustration for main flow
5.2 Potential requirements
5.2.1 ITS messages main parameters
The present clause gives a preliminary list of the parameters that should be present in the CAM and DENM messages
[i.8]. For each parameter, the table indicates whether it can be obtained from the ITS or ISO 11783 family of standards
and whether this is a mandatory (M) or optional (O) field in the ITS message.
Table 1: CAM message parameters
Container Parameter M/O Available on HAE via
N/A Generation Time M ISO 11783-7 [i.5], B.1
Basic Container type of the originating ITS-S M ETSI EN 302 637-2 [i.3]
latest geographic position of the originating ITS-S M ISO 11783-7 [i.5], B.5
HF Container heading (N, E, S, W) M ISO 11783-7 [i.5], B.5
speed M ISO 11783-7 [i.5], B.3
drive direction (forward, backward) M ISO 11783-7 [i.5], B.3
vehicle size M ISO 11783-10 [i.11]
longitudinal acceleration M ISO 11783-7 [i.5], B.3
curvature M ISO 11783-7 [i.5], B.26.2
yaw rate M ISO 11783-7 [i.5], B.5
steering wheel angle O ISO 11783-9 [i.6]
lateral and vertical acceleration O ISO 11783-7 [i.5], B.5
LF container vehicle role (e.g. default(0), publicTransport(1), M ETSI EN 302 637-2 [i.3]
(Optional) emergency(6), agriculture(8))
exterior lights M ISO 11783-7 [i.5], B.19
path history M ETSI EN 302 637-2 [i.3]
(internal to ITS stack)
ETSI
17 ETSI TR 103 545 V1.1.1 (2018-08)
Table 2: DENM message parameters
Container Parameter M/O Available on HAE via
Management Container action ID (originating Station ID, sequence number) M ETSI EN 302 637-3 [i.4]
detection time M ISO 11783-7 [i.5], B.1
reference time M ISO 11783-7 [i.5], B.1
event position M ISO 11783-7 [i.5], B.5
relevance distance O ETSI EN 302 637-3 [i.4]
(internal to ITS stack)
relevance traffic direction O ETSI EN 302 637-3 [i.4]
originating station type M ETSI EN 302 637-3 [i.4]
Situation Container information Quality M ETSI EN 302 637-3 [i.4]
(Optional)
event Type (e.g. slowVehicle (26)) M ETSI EN 302 637-3 [i.4]
Location Container event speed O ISO 11783-7 [i.5], B.3
(Optional)
event position heading O ISO 11783-7 [i.5], B.5
traces (location referencing) M ISO 11783-7 [i.5], B.5
road type O ETSI EN 302 637-3 [i.4]

5.2.2 Scenario requirements for the pilot test
• In the given scenario, the warning transmitted to the HV (or the HAE in the alternative flow) shall result in a
notification to the driver of the vehicle via a visual or an acoustic alarm on the HMI. HV and HAE therefore
need to be equipped with an HMI. Infotainment or dashboard displays in the instrument clusters are
becoming popular for any kinds of HVs. Similarly, an ISO 11783 certified HAE is required to be equipped
with an ISOBUS terminal, which can display warning screens or play alert sounds sent by an ISOBUS
implement. The display supports a minimum set of resolutions defined in ISO 11783-6 [i.10].
• For the wireless vehicle-to-vehicle communication, an ITS station shall be installed on both HV and HAE.
In order to populate basic ITS message containers, the vehicles' GNSS position is required to be known in
sufficient spatial and temporal resolution. GNSS sensors are parts of nearly any recent HV as they support
navigation services and on a HAE high-precision Real-Time Kinematics (RTK) systems are being mounted for
row guidance and automatic steering systems.
• The interconnection of ISO 11783 services and the ITS station on board of the HAE requires an M2M
platform for a successful translation in both directions of communication. This pilot test will be based on
the SmartM2M suite of standards and their specific components for publishing their domain-specific
information and services.
• As far as possible, the trigger for the alarm is generated automatically by the M2M application. Hence the
need to avoid false positives by validating the trigger with additional conditions.
• For the successful communication of the slow vehicle warning in an actual case of agricultural equipment
participating in road traffic, a reliable decision shall be made on whether the HAE is located in the field or
on the road. An automatic classification based on the GNSS position is possible as long as reliable,
high-resolution position information is available as well as sufficient map data on board of the HAE. In
particular, a headland turn manoeuvre (which is a frequent operation in order to enter the next row in the field)
shall be differentiated from the intention to enter the road. High-resolution GPS positions are being retrieved
from the HAE's RTK receiver with an accuracy of few centimetres in case such a system is installed on the
HAE.
• Based on ISO 11783-7 [i.5] the HAE is a
...