ETSI ETR 308 ed.1 (1996-08)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-1999
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Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Services, facilities and
configurations for DECT in the local loop
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ICS:
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EUH]YUYLþQHWHOHNRPXQLNDFLMH Telecommunications (DECT)
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ETSI ETR 308
TECHNICAL August 1996
REPORT
Source: ETSI TC-RES Reference: DTR/RES-03074
ICS: 33.020, 33.060.50
Key words: Access, configuration, DECT, facility, profile, RLL, service, traffic
Radio Equipment and Systems (RES);
Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT);
Services, facilities and configurations
for DECT in the local loop
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI Secretariat
Postal address: F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE
Office address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE
X.400: c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - Internet: secretariat@etsi.fr
Tel.: +33 92 94 42 00 - Fax: +33 93 65 47 16
Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the
foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1996. All rights reserved.

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ETR 308: August 1996
Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,
typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to
"ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.

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ETR 308: August 1996
Contents
Foreword .5
Introduction.5
1 Scope .7
2 References.7
3 Definitions and abbreviations .11
3.1 Definitions .11
3.2 Abbreviations .12
4 RLL reference model and configurations .13
4.1 Definition.13
4.2 The DECT RLL reference model .13
4.2.1 DECT RLL reference model elements .14
4.2.2 DECT RLL reference model interfaces .14
4.3 Specific RLL configurations .15
4.3.1 RLL application 1: standard "fixed" service to socket.15
4.3.2 RLL application 2: delivery of service by radio - accessed via the
customer’s own CTA .15
4.3.3 RLL application 3: delivery of service by radio - accessed via the
customer’s own WRS and thence to portable or CTA .16
4.3.4 RLL application 4: mobility in the neighbourhood: service direct to portable.16
4.3.5 RLL application 5: hybrid of applications 1 and 4.17
4.3.6 RLL application 6: hybrid of applications 2 and 3.17
4.4 Specific non-RLL configurations .18
4.4.1 Cordless telecommunication application.18
4.4.2 Interconnection of LE to the network.19
5 RLL services and facilities.19
5.1 Operational and functional requirements.19
5.1.1 Operational requirements.19
5.1.2 Functional requirements.20
5.1.3 Availability of services through the DECT RAP.20
5.2 Basic analogue RLL services.21
5.2.1 Analogue service categories .21
5.2.2 Power feed to the TE.22
5.2.3 Signalling from TE to LE.23
5.2.4 Signalling from LE to TE.25
5.2.5 End-to-end signal transport.26
5.2.6 Services made from combining basic services .27
5.3 Leased line service .28
5.3.1 Analogue leased lines .28
5.3.2 Digital leased lines.31
5.4 Normal digital (ISDN) RLL services .32
5.4.1 Services.32
5.4.2 Handling variable-service demands .32
5.4.3 Interfaces.33
5.4.4 Service support methods.33
5.5 New RLL services.34
5.5.1 Essential additional services .34
5.5.2 New service opportunities .34
5.5.2.1 New Service Implementations .34
5.5.2.2 New service presentations.35
5.5.2.3 New services .36
5.6 Service attributes, transmission characteristics and other impairments.36

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ETR 308: August 1996
5.6.1 Service attributes . 36
5.6.2 Transmission attributes . 38
5.6.3 Service attributes from ETR 139, subclause 6.2 . 39
5.6.4 Other attributes. 39
6 Operation Administration and Maintenance (OA&M) . 40
6.1 Introduction. 40
6.2 Operations. 40
6.3 Administration. 41
6.4 Maintenance. 41
6.4.1 Definitions . 41
6.4.2 CTA. 41
6.4.3 WRS . 42
6.4.4 FP . 43
6.4.5 Summary of RAP specific and other issues . 44
7 Radio issues and traffic capacity requirements. 45
7.1 The rural environment . 46
7.1.1 DECT RLL in the rural environment - the question of range . 46
7.2 The urban environment . 46
7.2.1 DECT in the urban environment - the question of traffic capacity . 47
7.3 Conclusions. 48
8 Safety issues . 48
8.1 Introduction. 48
8.2 Exposure limits to electromagnetic radiation. 48
8.3 Electrical safety . 48
8.4 Acoustic shock issues. 49
8.5 Lightning safety . 49
9 Regulatory and licensing issues . 49
9.1 Mobility issues . 49
9.2 NTP issues. 50
9.2.1 Physical, radio and virtual NTPs. 50
9.2.2 Responsibility for maintenance of the radio path. 51
9.2.3 Regulatory distinction between network equipment and TE. 51
9.3 Data versus voice issues . 51
9.4 Implications of additional concentration . 52
9.5 Provision of emergency call service. 52
9.6 Delay issues . 52
9.7 Spectrum management Issues . 53
9.8 Power supplies and power back up. 53
9.9 Applicability of ONP requirements for leased line provision to RLL systems. 53
10 Mobility in RLL . 53
10.1 Introduction. 53
10.2 Categories of mobility. 54
10.3 Neighbourhood mobility. 55
10.4 Single-cell mobility. 55
10.5 Support of Universal Personal Telecommunication (UPT) . 55
History. 56

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ETR 308: August 1996
Foreword
This ETSI Technical Report (ETR) has been produced by the Radio Equipment and Systems (RES)
Technical Committee of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
ETRs are informative documents resulting from ETSI studies which are not appropriate for European
Telecommunication Standard (ETS) or Interim European Telecommunication Standard (I-ETS) status. An
ETR may be used to publish material which is either of an informative nature, relating to the use or the
application of ETSs or I-ETSs, or which is immature and not yet suitable for formal adoption as an ETS or
an I-ETS.
This ETR has been produced in response to the requirement for an overview of the services, facilities and
configurations to be offered by Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) Radio in the Local
Loop (RLL) systems.
This ETR focuses on services and facilities, including Operation, Administration and Maintenance (OA&M)
which should be supported by a DECT RLL Access Profile (RAP), and configurations for the DECT RLL
access systems.
Introduction
The primary objective of a RLL technology is to deliver to end users, by radio means, the
telecommunication services that are normally obtained through fixed cables from a telecommunications
system.
RLL technologies present opportunities for telecommunications operators to serve new customers in
developing countries and in other areas where provision of wired public telephony has been uneconomic
or impractical, and to promote competition in the local loop in more developed markets. RLL operators are
already licensed in a number of countries within and outside Europe and other licences are likely following
deregulation of fixed access in the European Community in 1998.
The local loop (also known as the access network) is that part of a Public Telecommunications Operators
(PTOs) network between the Local Exchange (LE) and a Network Termination Point (NTP) on the
customers premises or at defined air interface with customers portable radio terminal. In this ETR RLL
describes the situation where part or whole of the Local Loop is realized by radio means to deliver service
either to the user’s premises or directly to the customer’s portable terminal. DECT RLL describes the
situation where the radio component of an RLL system uses the DECT air interface standards
Characteristically, a RLL system has a network-side interface and a customer-side interface. Between
these is at least one radio interface. Ideally, services are transported transparently and unimpaired
between the end interfaces. In practice, using a normal radio link will almost always result in a system that
is not completely transparent, and so specifications for RLL systems contain means to ensure
transparency for those services that would otherwise not be properly carried by radio. Hence, this ETR
defines the services, facilities and configurations to be supported by the DECT RLL service. It defines
which services are mandatory and which are not. It also defines the maximum impairments to service that
are permitted within the RLL system.
Because fixed cables are subject to failure, they are in most cases periodically tested for integrity using
the OA&M procedures of the network operator. Clearly, a RLL system is subject to different failure
mechanisms. In order to minimize the cost of locating and repairing faults in the RLL system, existing
OA&M procedures need not only to be maintained, but they also need to be augmented to address the
specific issues raised by RLL systems. These include dealing with uncertain radio coverage, power
failures, backup batteries, subscriber registration and so on. This ETR addresses the essential OA&M
requirements.
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ETR 308: August 1996
In common with other DECT applications, the DECT RLL access network comprises a Portable radio
Termination (PT), a Fixed radio Termination (FT) and optionally one or more Wireless Relay Stations
(WRSs). (In configurations where the DECT RLL is delivering service to the user’s premises via a
unmoveable PT into which standard Terminal Equipment (TE) may be connected the PT is known as
Cordless Terminal Adapter (CTA) although this still complies with the general requirements of a PT.) It is
for the RLL application attached to the DECT network to deal in the correct manner with the services
specified and this ETR does not directly address the customer-side and network-side interfaces. It does,
however, make a number of assumptions about these interfaces and lists those standard interfaces which
are appropriate to the RLL service.
The RAP is the standard which implements the requirements contained within this ETR so far as it serves
fixed users. RAP-compliant equipment from different manufacturers will inter-operate to provide
customers and RLL system operators with a choice of equipment to use. This is achieved by basing the
RAP standard on the DECT Generic Access Profile (GAP), ETS 300 444 [9]. The RAP only addresses the
procedures and data structures on the DECT air interface and in the DECT network.
So far, it has been assumed that a RLL system provides the same services as a fixed telecommunications
network. However, the use of radio provides the ability to offer new services that cannot be delivered over
fixed cables. These new services include the use of direct radio communication from the fixed network to
a portable telecommunications terminal, rather than providing a fixed socket. This provides limited mobility
directly to the user in the same way as using a normal cordless telephone connected to a fixed socket.
However, the RLL service defined in this ETR goes further, and extends this concept to provide the
possibility of wider mobility within the access network. In this case the radio interface with the PT should
comply with the GAP.
This ETR also highlights some difficulties raised by the RLL service concepts described here. These grey
areas include the role and application of regulation, and the overlap of service provided by RLL systems
with the service provided by other applications (e.g. telepoint).
The substantive clauses of this ETR are as follows:
Clause 4 develops the concept of DECT RLL and defines:
− a reference model which identifies the interfaces which are important for describing the DECT RLL
and the services, facilities and OA&M needed to support it;
− identifies a number of configurations which are representative of RLL applications and a few similar
configurations which are not considered RLL applications and explains why these are so classified.
Clause 5 lists and describes services and facilities which are relevant to DECT RLL and indicates which
are mandatory service and which are optional. It also address those performance parameters (both
attributes and impairments) which should be achieved by a DECT RLL system.
Clause 6 addresses over the air OA&M aspects, discusses those tests facilities and alarm events which
should be supported by a DECT RLL system and looks at specific OA&M aspects affected by portable
subscriber units.
Clause 7 addresses the radio related issues such as range, capacity and spectrum needs.
Clause 8 considers specific safety issues which become relevant specifically in RLL systems.
Clause 9 raises some regulatory issues which are relevant to RLL systems but does not attempt to
indicate whether these are significant problems - not to propose solutions.
Clause 10 explores some of the issues of mobility in RLL systems.

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ETR 308: August 1996
1 Scope
This ETSI Technical Report (ETR) introduces the concept of Digital Enhanced Cordless
Telecommunications (DECT) Radio in the Local Loop (RLL) and specifies the service requirements to be
met by a DECT RLL network. It amplifies and refines the general service requirements for RLL systems
contained in ETR 139 [10] and provides the specific technical detail needed to implement each service
requirement through the use of the DECT RLL Access Profile (RAP), ETS 300 765, parts 1 and 2 [15] and
[16].
Some of these requirements are specified in terms of the transparency to services and facilities which a
DECT RLL system shall, or may, make available to support applications. Some requirements are already
supported by existing procedures within the DECT standards, while others require new features to be
specified. These issues all imply requirements on the various DECT network components, and on the air
interface(s) between them. Hence they imply requirements on the DECT RAP. However, this ETR is not
concerned with how these requirements are met.
Further requirements are described which are imposed upon a DECT RLL network to support essential
OA&M facilities.
Various network configurations, which include DECT RLL networks are described, which need to be
supported. Similar configurations incorporating DECT networks, but which are not considered DECT RLL
applications, are also illustrated.
The ETR also identifies issues which might imply requirements and constraints on DECT RLL networks
covering such aspects as safety, spectrum utilization and capacity as well as regulation issues which are
not within ETSI domain to address in detail.
The ETR is aimed both at the general reader without detailed knowledge of DECT or of RLL and at those
readers who wish to understand the standards applicable to RLL using DECT technology who will wish to
use this ETR as an introduction to the DECT RAP.
2 References
For the purposes of this ETR, the following references apply:
[1] ETS 300 175-1: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital Enhanced
Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Common Interface (CI); Part 1:
Overview".
[2] ETS 300 175-2: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital Enhanced
Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Common Interface (CI); Part 2: Physical
Layer".
[3] ETS 300 175-3: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital Enhanced
Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Common Interface (CI); Part 3: Medium
Access Control (MAC) layer".
[4] ETS 300 175-4: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital Enhanced
Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Common Interface (CI); Part 4: Data
Link Control (DLC) layer".
[5] ETS 300 175-5: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital Enhanced
Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Common Interface (CI); Part 5: Network
(NWK) layer".
[6] ETS 300 175-6: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital Enhanced
Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Common Interface (CI); Part 6:
Identities and addressing".
[7] ETS 300 175-7: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital Enhanced
Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Common Interface (CI); Part 7: Security
features".
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ETR 308: August 1996
[8] ETS 300 175-8: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital Enhanced
Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Common Interface (CI); Part 8: Speech
coding and transmission".
[9] ETS 300 444: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital European
Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Generic Access Profile (GAP)".
[10] ETR 139: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Radio in the Local Loop
(RLL)".
[11] ETS 300 659-1: "Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN); Subscriber line
protocol over the local loop for display (and related) services; Part 1: On hook
data transmission".
[12] ETS 300 659-2: "Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN); Subscriber line
protocol over the local loop for display (and related) services; Part 2: Off hook
data transmission".
[13] ETS 300 659-3: "Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN); Subscriber line
protocol over the local loop for display (and related) services; Part 3: Server
display and script services".
[14] ETR 310: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital Enhanced
Telecommunications (DECT); Traffic capacity and spectrum requirements for
multi-system and multi-service applications co-existing in a common frequency
band".
[15] ETS 300 765-1: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital European
Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); DECT Radio local loop Access Profile
(RAP); Part 1: Basic telephony services".
[16] ETS 300 765-2: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital European
Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); DECT Radio local loop Access Profile
(RAP); Part 2: Advanced telephony services".
[17] ETR 246: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital European Cordless
Telecommunications (DECT); Application of DECT Wireless Relay Stations
(WRS)".
[18] ITU-R Recommendation 697: "Error performance objectives for the local-grade
portion at each end of an ISDN connection utilizing digital radio-relay systems".
[19] 92/44/EEC: "Council Directive 92/44/EEC of 5 June 1992 on the application of
open network provision to leased lines".
[20] ETS 300 450: "Business TeleCommunications (BTC); Ordinary and Special
quality voice bandwidth; 2-wire analogue leased lines (A2O and A2S); Terminal
equipment interface".
[21] TBR 15: "Business TeleCommunications (BTC); Ordinary and Special quality
voice bandwidth 2-wire analogue leased lines (A2O and A2S); Attachment
requirements for terminal equipment interface".
[22] ETS 300 453: "Business TeleCommunications (BTC); Ordinary and Special
quality voice bandwidth 4-wire analogue leased lines (A4O and A4S); Terminal
equipment interface".
[23] TBR 17: "Business TeleCommunications (BTC); Ordinary and Special quality
voice bandwidth 4-wire analogue leased lines (A4O and A4S); Attachment
requirements for terminal equipment interface".

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ETR 308: August 1996
[24] ETS 300 448: "Business TeleCommunications (BTC); Ordinary quality voice
bandwidth 2-wire analogue leased line (A2O); Connection characteristics and
network interface presentation".
[25] ETS 300 449: "Business TeleCommunications (BTC); Special quality voice
bandwidth 2-wire analogue leased line (A2S); Connection characteristics and
network interface presentation".
[26] ETS 300 451: "Business TeleCommunications (BTC); Ordinary quality voice
bandwidth 4-wire analogue leased line (A4O); Connection characteristics and
network interface presentation".
[27] ETS 300 288: "Business TeleCommunications (BTC); 64 kbit/s digital
unrestricted leased line with octet integrity (D64U); Network interface
presentation".
[28] ETS 300 289 with amendment A1: "Business TeleCommunications (BTC);
64 kbit/s digital unrestricted leased line with octet integrity (D64U); Connection
characteristics".
[29] ETS 300 290 with amendment A1: "Business TeleCommunications (BTC);
64 kbit/s digital unrestricted leased line with octet integrity (D64U); Terminal
equipment interface".
[30] TBR 14 with amendment A1: "Business TeleCommunications (BTC); 64 kbit/s
digital unrestricted leased line with octet integrity (D64U); Attachment
requirements for terminal equipment interface".
[31] ITU-T Recommendation G.113: "Transmission impairments".
[32] ITU-T Recommendation G.114: "One-way transmission time".
[33] ITU-T Recommendation G.173: "Transmission planning aspects of the speech
service in digital public land mobile networks".
[34] ITU-T Recommendation G.821: "Error performance of an international digital
connection forming part of an integrated services digital network".
[35] ETS 300 109: "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN); Circuit-mode
64 kbit/s 8 kHz structured bearer service category usable for speech information
transfer; Service description".
[36] ITU-T Recommendation I.231: "Circuit-mode bearer service categories".
[37] ETS 300 110: "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN); Circuit-mode
64 kbit/s 8 kHz structured bearer service category usable for 3,1 kHz audio
information transfer; Service description".
[38] ETS 300 001: "Attachments to Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN);
General technical requirements for equipment connected to an analogue
subscriber interface in the PSTN".
[39] 91/263/EEC: "Council Directive of 29 April 1991 on the approximation of the
laws of the Member States concerning telecommunications terminal equipment,
including the mutual recognition of their conformity".
[40] ETS 300 452: "Business TeleCommunications (BTC); Special quality voice
bandwidth 4-wire analogue leased line (A4S); Connection characteristics and
network interface presentation".
[41] ETS 300 324: "Signalling Protocols and Switching (SPS); V interfaces at the
digital Local Exchange (LE); V5.1 interface for the support of Access Network
(AN)".
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ETR 308: August 1996
[42] ETS 300 347: "Signalling Protocols and Switching (SPS); V interfaces at the
digital Local Exchange (LE) V5.2 interface for the support of Access Network
(AN)".
[43] TBR 6: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital European Cordless
Telecommunications (DECT); General terminal attachment requirements".
[44] TBR 10: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital European Cordless
Telecommunications (DECT) General terminal attachment requirements;
Telephony applications".
[45] TBR 22: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Attachment requirements for
terminal equipment for Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT)
Generic Access Profile (GAP) applications".
[46] CCITT Recommendation V.23 (1988): "600/1200-baud modem standardized for
use in the general switched telephone network".
[47] ITU-T Recommendation V.34: "A modem operating at data signalling rates of up
to 28 800 bit/s for use on the general switched telephone network and on leased
point-to-point 2-wire telephone-type circuits".
[48] IEC 1000-4-5 (1995): "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part a: Testing and
measurement techniques, Section 5: Surge immunity test"
[49] CCITT Recommendation E.182 (1988): "Application of tones and recorded
announcements in telephone services".
[50] ITU-R Recommendation 755: "Point-to-multipoint systems used in the fixed
service".
[51] ITU-R Recommendation 756: "TEMA point-to-multipoint systems used as radio
concentrators".
[52] ITU-R Recommendation 757: "Basic system requirements and performance
objectives for cellular type mobile systems used as fixed systems".
[53] British Telecom Technology Journal Vol 7 No 2 (April 1989): "RG Blake: The
role of radio for the fixed local access".
[54] ETS 300 049: "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN); ISDN Packet Mode
Bearer Services (PMBS) ISDN Virtual Call (VC) and Permanent Virtual Call
(PVC) bearer services provided by the D-channel of the user access - basic and
primary rate".
[55] ITU-R Recommendation F.697: "Error performance and availability objectives
for the local-grade portion at each end of an ISDN connection utilizing digital
radio-relay systems".
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ETR 308: August 1996
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this ETR, the following definitions apply:
authentication (user): The process whereby a DECT subscriber is positively verified to be a legitimate
user of a particular Fixed Part (FP).
NOTE 1: Authentication is generally performed at call set-up, but may also be done at any other
time (e.g. during a call).
call: All of the NWK layer processes involved in one network layer peer-to-peer association.
NOTE 2: Call may sometimes be used to refer to processes of all layers, since lower layer
processes are implicitly required.
cell: The domain served by a single antenna(e) system (including a leaky feeder) of one FP.
NOTE 3: A cell may include more than one source of radiated Radio Frequency (RF) energy
(i.e. more than one radio end point).
Cordless Terminal Adapter (CTA): Fixed physical grouping that contains a DECT PT and a line
interface.
DECT Radio in the Local Loop (RLL): A RLL system where DECT air interface is used to connect
Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) to the operator’s equipment.
NOTE 4: The customer as well as the operator’s equipment are determined by the position of
the Network Termination Point (NTP).
DECT RLL Access Profile (RAP): The profile that ensures the air interface interoperability of DECT RAP
CTAs and DECT RAP FPs and WRS, if applied.
Fixed Part (FP) (DECT FP): A physical grouping that contains all of the elements in the DECT network
between the local network and the DECT air interface.
incoming call: A call received at a DECT Portable Part (PP) or CTA.
meter pulses: Are used for initiation of unit-based subscriber charging.
Network Termination Point (NTP): Is the point that defines the border between the equipment provided
by the network operator and the CPE.
Portable Part (PP) (DECT PP): A physical grouping that contains all elements between the user and the
DECT air interface. PP is a generic term that may describe one or several physical pieces.
Radio Fixed Part (RFP): One physical sub-group of a FP that contains all the radio end points (one or
more) that are connected to a single system of antennas.
Radio in the Local Loop (RLL): Diversity of techniques & applications where connection of customers’
TE to the LE is achieved by a configuration which includes an air interface (ETR 139 [10]).
register recall (Earth Loop register Recall / Time Break register Recall (ELR/TBR)): The ability of the
CTA to request the initiation of the supplementary service "register recall" over the DECT interface and the
ability of the DECT FP to transmit the request to the LE.
subscription registration: The infrequent process whereby a subscriber obtains access rights to one or
more FPs.
NOTE 5: Subscription registration is usually required before a user can make or receive calls.

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ETR 308: August 1996
subscription load/modify: A procedure of loading subscription registration data in a PP or CTA in real-
time over the air interface.
Wireless Relay Station (WRS): A physical grouping that combines elements of both PTs and FTs to
relay information on a physical channel from one DECT termination to a physical channel to another
DECT termination.
NOTE 6: The DECT termination can be a PT or an FT or another WRS.
WRS-CTA: A physical grouping comprising both the functions of a WRS for communication with a DECT
PP, and a CTA with a port for connection of a (wired) terminal.
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this ETR, the following abbreviations apply:
ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation
B-ISDN Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network
CLIP Calling Line Identity Presentation
CPE Customer Premises Equipment
CTA Cordless Terminal Adapter
CTM Cordless Terminal Mobility
DAS DECT Access Site
DECT Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications
DTMF Dual Tone Multi Frequency
DT-AS Dual Tone Alerting Signal
ELR Earth Loop register Recall
FP Fixed Part
FT Fixed radio Termination
FRU Field Replaceable Unit
GAP Generic Access Profile
GoS Grade of Service
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
LD Loop Disconnect
LE Local Exchange
NT1 ISDN Network Termination 1
NT2 ISDN Network Termination 2
NTP Network Termination Point
OA&M Operation, Administration and Maintenance
ONP Open Network Provision
PBX Private Branch Exchange
POTS Plain Old Telephone Service
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
PP Portable Part
PT Portable radio Termination
PTO Public Telecommunications Operator
QDU Quantization Distortion Unit
RAP RLL Access Profile
RFP Radio Fixed Part
RLL Radio in the Local Loop
RP-AS Ringing Pulse Alerting Signal
TAS Terminal Alerting Signal
TBR Time Break register Recall
TE Terminal Equipment
TE1 ISDN Terminal Equipment type 1
UPT Universal Personal Telecommunication
WRS Wireless Relay Station
WAM Wide Area Mobility
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ETR 308: August 1996
4 RLL reference model and configurations
4.1 Definition
The local loop is that part of a Public Telecommunications Operators (PTOs) network between the LE
(see subclause 4.2.1) and either a NTP at the customer’s premises or a defined air interface to
customers’ portable TE.
RLL describes the situation where the service is delivered to the customer’s premises or to the customers
portable TE by radio means. DECT RLL describes the situation where this radio interface complies with
DECT Air Interface Standards.
Hence:
DECT RLL is the whole of that segment of a PTOs network between the LE and either a NTP on the
customers premises or the customers portable terminal, provided that the service is delivered to the
customer’s premises or portable terminal by a radio interface compliant with the DECT air interface
standards.
4.2 The DECT RLL reference model
A reference model for DECT RLL systems is presented in figure 1. This reference model originates from
ETR 139 [10], but has been refined for the purpose of this ETR.
I/F4
CTA
TE
(RAP)
LE
FP
I/F4
I/F4
I/F5a
(RAP)
(GAP+data)
I/F 1
I/F6
I/F4
TE
(W RS)
PP
WRS
I/F4
OA&M
(GAP+data)
I/F5b
TE: Terminal Equipment I/F1: LE to FP Interface
FP: Fixed Part I/F4: DECT Air Interface
WRS: Wireless Relay Station I/F5a: CTA to Terminal Interface
CTA: Cordless Terminal Adapter I/F5b: PP to Terminal Interface
PP: Portable Part I/F6: OA&M Interface
NOTE 1: In ETR 139 [10] reference model, two separate entities, i.e. the controller and the Radio FPs
comprises what is called FP in the DECT RLL reference model. In this respect there is no
reason to define an I/F3 interface.
NOTE 2: A single CTA can serve more than one TEs simultaneously.
Figure 1: DECT RLL reference model
The DECT RLL reference model differs from the one described in the ETR 139 [10], due to:
a) the presence of the WRS;
b) the presence of both CTA and PP.
Depending on whether the end-user uses a CTA or a PP, the IF/4 interface can be either RAP or GAP
compliant. This ETR focuses on RAP and describes the services at IF/1 expected to be provided at IF/5a.
The OA&M facilities defined in this ETR are only the ones that require information to be transported over
the RAP air interface.
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ETR 308: August 1996
4.2.1 DECT RLL reference model elements
Local Exchange (LE): In this model "local exchange" is intended to represent a number of different
elements of the fixed network, according to operator requirements. These may include the local switch, a
network Point of Presence, and connections to the telephony network, the leased line network and the
data network.
Fixed Part (FP): See subclause 3.1.
Cordless Terminal Adapter (CTA): See subclause 3.1.
Portable Part (PP): See subclause 3.1.
Terminal Equipment (TE): Includes Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), Integrated Services
Digital Network (ISDN) and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN) terminals. It may also include residential DECT
systems, or in the case of a multiline CTA, wireline or wireless Private Branch Exchanges (PBXs).
Operation, Administration & Maintenance (OA&M): Information related to the configuration, monitoring,
performance and fault management of RLL systems.
4.2.2 DECT RLL reference model interfaces
LE to FP interface (I/F1): this interface is used to connect the DECT RLL access network to the public
fixed network. This interface is used to carry information between the controller and LE of the public
network related to the services accessed by the RLL users. In this model the LE represents both the fixed
PSTN/ISDN network and the private data network where appropriate. Examples of the interface between
the possible interfaces used between the LE and the FP (I/F1) are:
- 2 Mbit/s;
- analog (2 wire);
- analog (4W + E&M);
- telex;
- digital data port;
- ISDN basic rate;
- V5.1, V5.2.
Radio interface (I/F4): DECT RAP or GAP compliant air interface used to connect a number of CTAs or
PPs to FPs that may or may not include WRSs. The air interface is used to carry information related to call
control, mobility management, and OA&M messages.
CTA to TE interface (I/F5): This interface is used to connect a TE to the CTA. This interface is used to
carry information between the radio termination and a TE related to the services accessed by a user or an
application.
OA&M interface (I/F6): This interface is used to connect the RLL system to the OA&M centre. This
interface is used to carry between the OA&M centre and the FP information related to the configuration,
performance and fault management of the RLL system.

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ETR 308: August 1996
4.3 Specific RLL configurations
There will be regulatory issues associated with the reference configurations described below. It is not the
purpose of this ETR to define regulatory issues but to highlight their existence.
4.3.1 RLL application 1: standard "fixed" service to socket
This is the most common RLL
configuration. The final wired drop is
replaced by a radio link to a CTA with
Global
LE FP CTA TE
network ending after the CTA but in the
network
customers premises.
NTP
Figure 2
RAP
Similar to figure 2 but with a WRS see
Global
LE FP WRS CTA TE
ETR 246 [16] in the access network
network
under the control of the network
NTP
operator.
Figure 3
4.3.2 RLL application 2: delivery of service by radio - accessed via the customer’s own CTA
RAP
In figure 4 another common
configuration is shown. The CTA is
Global owned in this case by the subscriber
LE
FP CTA TE
network
with the NTP located on the RAP
compliant air interface.
NTP
Figure 4
RAP
Similar to the configuration of figure 4
Global but with the WRS in the access
LE FP WRS CTA TE
network
network under the control of the
network operator.
NTP
Figure 5
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ETR 308: August 1996
4.3.3 RLL application 3: delivery of service by radio - accessed via the customer’s own WRS
and thence to portable or CTA
In the case of figure 6, the WRS is
RAP
owned by the subscriber. There is no
physical network termination as in the
RLL Application 2. The network
Global
LE FP WRS
network PP
operator may need to know that the
subscriber has attached a WRS.
NTP
Figure 6
Similar to the configuration of figure 6
RAP
but with two WRSs: one in the access
network under the control of the
network operator and another
Global
LE FP WRS
WRS
network PP
belonging to the subscriber. Problems
rising due to the limited delay budget
NTP
need to be considered.
Figure 7
RAP
Similar to the configuration of figure 7,
Global
with the CTA and TE replacing the PP.
LE FP WRS CTA TE
WRS
network
Again delay problems may arise and
need to be considered.
NTP
Figure 8
4.3.4 RLL application 4: mobility in the neighbourhood: service direct to portable
Global
LE FP
network
PP
The configuration of figu
...