EN 62751-2:2014
(Main)Power losses in voltage sourced converter (VSC) valves for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems - Part 2: Modular multilevel converters
Power losses in voltage sourced converter (VSC) valves for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems - Part 2: Modular multilevel converters
IEC 62751-2:2014 gives the detailed method to be adopted for calculating the power losses in the valves for an HVDC system based on the "modular multi-level converter", where each valve in the converter consists of a number of self-contained, two-terminal controllable voltage sources connected in series. It is applicable both for the cases where each modular cell uses only a single turn-off semiconductor device in each switch position, and the case where each switch position consists of a number of turn-off semiconductor devices in series (topology also referred to as "cascaded two-level converter"). The main formulae are given for the two-level "half-bridge" configuration but guidance is also given as to how to extend the results to certain other types of MMC building block configuration.
Bestimmung der Leistungsverluste in Spannungszwischenkreis-Stromrichtern (VSC) für Hochspannungsgleichstrom(HGÜ)-Systeme - Teil 2: Modulare Mehrpunkt-Stromrichter
Pertes de puissance dans les valves à convertisseur de source de tension (VSC) des systèmes en courant continu à haute tension (CCHT) - Partie 2: Convertisseurs multiniveaux modulaires
L'IEC 62571-2:2014 donne la méthode détaillée à adopter pour calculer les pertes de puissance dans les valves d'un système CCHT doté d'un "convertisseur multiniveaux modulaire" dont chaque valve est composée d'un certain nombre de sources de tension indépendantes commandables à deux bornes connectées en série. Elle s'applique lorsque chaque cellule modulaire n'utilise qu'un seul dispositif à semi-conducteur blocable dans chaque position de commutation, et lorsque chaque position de commutation est composée d'un certain nombre de dispositifs à semi-conducteur blocables en série (cette topologie étant également appelée "convertisseur à deux niveaux monté en cascade"). Les principales formules sont données pour la configuration "en demi-pont" à deux niveaux. Des lignes directrices sont également données pour indiquer l'étendue des résultats de certains autres types de configurations de bloc module MMC.
Ugotavljanje izgub moči v napetostnih pretvorniških ventilih za visokonapetostne enosmerne sisteme - 2. del: Modularni večnivojski pretvorniki (IEC 62751-2:2014)
Ta del standarda IEC 62751 podaja podrobno metodo, ki naj bi se sprejela za izračun izgub moči v ventilih za sistem HVDC na osnovi »modularnega večnivojskega pretvornika«, pri katerem je vsak ventil v pretvorniku sestavljen iz številnih zaporedno vezanih samostojnih, krmiljenih napetostnih virov z dvema priključkoma. Uporablja se v primerih, kjer je posamezna modularna celica uporablja samo eno izklopno polprevodniško napravo pri vsakem stikalnem položaju, in v primerih, kjer posamezni stikalni položaj vsebuje več zaporedno vezanih izklopnih polprevodniških naprav (topologija: imenovan tudi »kaskadni dvonivojski pretvornik«). Glavne formule so podane za dvonivojsko »pol mostično« konfiguracijo, vendar so v dodatku A podane tudi smernice, kako rezultate razširiti na določene druge vrste konfiguracije gradnikov MMC. Standard je zapisan zlasti za bipolarne tranzistorje z izoliranimi vrati (IGBT), vendar se lahko uporablja tudi za navodila v primeru, da se uporabljajo druge vrste izklopnih polprevodniškh naprav.
Izgube moči v drugih elementih opreme v napravi HVDC, razen pretvorniških ventilov, so izključene iz področja uporabe tega standarda. Ta standard se ne uporablja za pretvorniške ventile za sisteme HVDC s pretvorniki z linijsko komutacijo.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2014
8JRWDYOMDQMHL]JXEPRþLYQDSHWRVWQLKSUHWYRUQLãNLKYHQWLOLK]DYLVRNRQDSHWRVWQH
HQRVPHUQHVLVWHPHGHO 0RGXODUQLYHþQLYRMVNLSUHWYRUQLNL ,(&
Determination of power losses in voltage sourced converter (VSC) valves for high
voltage direct current (HVDC) systems - Part 2: Modular multilevel converters
Bestimmung der Leistungsverluste in Spannungszwischenkreis-Stromrichtern (VSC) für
Hochspannungsgleichstrom(HGÜ)-Systeme -- Teil 2: Modulare Mehrstufen-Stromrichter
Determination des pertes de puissance dans les valves à convertisseur de source de
tension (VSC) des systemes en courant continu a haute tension (CCHT) -- Partie 2:
Convertisseurs multiniveaux modulaires
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 62751-2:2014
ICS:
29.200 8VPHUQLNL3UHWYRUQLNL Rectifiers. Convertors.
6WDELOL]LUDQRHOHNWULþQR Stabilized power supply
QDSDMDQMH
29.240.01 2PUHåMD]DSUHQRVLQ Power transmission and
GLVWULEXFLMRHOHNWULþQHHQHUJLMH distribution networks in
QDVSORãQR general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 62751-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2014
ICS 29.200; 29.240
English Version
Power losses in voltage sourced converter (VSC) valves for
high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems - Part 2: Modular
multilevel converters
(IEC 62751-2:2014)
Pertes de puissance dans les valves à convertisseur de Bestimmung der Leistungsverluste in
source de tension (VSC) des systèmes en courant continu Spannungszwischenkreis-Stromrichtern (VSC) für
à haute tension (CCHT) - Partie 2: Convertisseurs Hochspannungsgleichstrom(HGÜ)-Systeme - Teil 2:
multiniveaux modulaires Modulare Mehrstufen-Stromrichter
(CEI 62751-2:2014) (IEC 62751-2:2014)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2014-10-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2014 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN 62751-2:2014 E
Foreword
The text of document 22F/303/CDV, future edition 1 of IEC 62751-2, prepared by SC 22F "Power
electronics for electrical transmission and distribution systems", of IEC/TC 22 "Power electronic
systems and equipment" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by
CENELEC as EN 62751-2:2014.
The following dates are fixed:
– latest date by which the document has to be implemented at (dop) 2015-07-01
national level by publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting with (dow) 2017-10-01
the document have to be withdrawn
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 62751-2:2014 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following note has to be added for the standard indicated:
IEC 61803:1999 NOTE Harmonised as EN 61803:1999.
- 3 - EN 62751-2:2014
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE 1 When an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod),
the relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is
available here: www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60633 - Terminology for high-voltage direct current EN 60633 -
(HVDC) transmission
IEC 62747 - Terminology for voltage-sourced EN 62747 -
converters (VSC) for high-voltage direct
current (HVDC) systems
IEC 62751-1 2014 Determination of power losses in voltage EN 62751-1 2014
sourced converter (VSC) valves for high-
voltage direct current (HVDC) systems --
Part 1: General requirements
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 - Uncertainty of measurement -- Part-3: - -
Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement (GUM:1995)
IEC 62751-2 ®
Edition 1.0 2014-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Power losses in voltage sourced converter (VSC) valves for high-voltage direct
current (HVDC) systems –
Part 2: Modular multilevel converters
Pertes de puissance dans les valves à convertisseur de source de tension (VSC)
des systèmes en courant continu à haute tension (CCHT) –
Partie 2: Convertisseurs multiniveaux modulaires
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX XA
ICS 29.200; 29.240 ISBN 978-2-8322-1836-5
– 2 – IEC 62751-2:2014 © IEC 2014
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms . 7
3.1 Terms and definitions . 8
3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 9
3.2.1 Valve and simulation data . 9
3.2.2 Semiconductor device characteristics . 10
3.2.3 Other component characteristics. 10
3.2.4 Operating parameters . 10
3.2.5 Loss parameters . 11
4 General conditions. 11
4.1 General . 11
4.2 Principles for loss determination . 12
4.3 Categories of valve losses . 12
4.4 Loss calculation method . 13
4.5 Input parameters . 13
4.5.1 General . 13
4.5.2 Input data for numerical simulations . 13
4.5.3 Input data coming from numerical simulations . 14
4.5.4 Converter station data . 14
4.5.5 Operating conditions . 15
5 Conduction losses . 15
5.1 General . 15
5.2 IGBT conduction losses . 16
5.3 Diode conduction losses . 17
5.4 Other conduction losses . 18
6 DC voltage-dependent losses . 19
7 Losses in d.c. capacitors of the valve . 19
8 Switching losses . 20
8.1 General . 20
8.2 IGBT switching losses . 20
8.3 Diode switching losses . 21
9 Other losses . 21
9.1 Snubber circuit losses . 21
9.2 Valve electronics power consumption. 22
9.2.1 General . 22
9.2.2 Power supply from off-state voltage across each IGBT . 23
9.2.3 Power supply from the d.c. capacitor . 23
10 Total valve losses per HVDC substation . 24
Annex A (informative) Description of power loss mechanisms in MMC valves . 26
A.1 Introduction to MMC Converter topology . 26
A.2 Valve voltage and current stresses . 29
A.2.1 Simplified analysis with voltage and current in phase . 29
A.2.2 Generalised analysis with voltage and current out of phase . 30
IEC 62751-2:2014 © IEC 2014 – 3 –
A.2.3 Effects of third harmonic injection . 31
A.3 Conduction losses in MMC building blocks . 32
A.3.1 Description of conduction paths . 32
A.3.2 Conduction losses in semiconductors . 38
A.3.3 MMC building block d.c. capacitor losses . 42
A.3.4 Other conduction losses . 42
A.4 Switching losses . 42
A.4.1 Description of state changes . 42
A.4.2 Analysis of state changes during cycle . 44
A.4.3 Worked example of switching losses . 44
A.5 Other losses . 47
A.5.1 Snubber losses . 47
A.5.2 DC voltage-dependent losses . 47
A.5.3 Valve electronics power consumption . 50
A.6 Application to other variants of valve. 52
A.6.1 General . 52
A.6.2 Two-level full-bridge MMC building block . 52
A.6.3 Multi-leve
...
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