EN 50090-5-1:2005

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2005
Stanovanjski in stavbni elektronski sistemi (HBES) - 5-1. del: Mediji in nivoji,
odvisni od medijev - Napajalni vod za HBES razreda 1
Home and Building Electronic Systems (HBES) - Part 5-1: Media and media dependent
layers - Power line for HBES Class 1
Elektrische Systemtechnik für Heim und Gebäude (ESHG) - Teil 5-1: Medien und
medienabhängige Schichten - Signalübertragung auf elektrischen
Niederspannungsnetzen für ESHG Klasse 1
Systèmes électroniques pour les foyers domestiques et les bâtiments (HBES) - Partie 5-
1: Medias et couches dépendantes des medias - Courants porteurs pour HBES Classe 1
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 50090-5-1:2005
ICS:
97.120 Avtomatske krmilne naprave Automatic controls for
za dom household use
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 50090-5-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM February 2005

ICS 97.120
English version
Home and Building Electronic Systems (HBES)
Part 5-1: Media and media dependent layers -
Power line for HBES Class 1
Systèmes électroniques pour les foyers Elektrische Systemtechnik für Heim
domestiques et les bâtiments (HBES) und Gebäude (ESHG)
Partie 5-1: Medias et couches Teil 5-1: Medien und medienabhängige
dépendantes des medias - Schichten -
Courants porteurs pour HBES Classe 1 Signalübertragung auf elektrischen
Niederspannungsnetzen
für ESHG Klasse 1
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2004-09-01. CENELEC members are bound to
comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in one official version (English). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central
Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels

© 2005 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.

Ref. No. EN 50090-5-1:2005 E
Foreword
This European Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee CENELEC TC 205, Home and
Building Electronic Systems (HBES) with the help of CENELEC co-operation partner Konnex Association,
Neerveldstraat 105, B-1200 Brussels, (former EHBESA).
The text of the draft was submitted to the formal vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 50090-5-1
on 2004-09-01.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2005-09-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2007-09-01
CENELEC takes no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of patent rights.
Konnex Association as Cooperating Partner to CENELEC confirms that to the extent that the standard
contains patents and like rights, the Konnex Association's members are willing to negotiate licenses
thereof with applicants throughout the world on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and
conditions.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this standard may be the subject of
patent rights other than those identified above. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any
or all such patent rights.
EN 50090-5-1 is part of the EN 50090 series of European Standards, which will comprise the following
parts:
Part 1: Standardization structure
Part 2: System overview
Part 3: Aspects of application
Part 4: Media independent layers
Part 5: Media and media dependent layers
Part 6: Interfaces
Part 7: System management
Part 8: Conformity assessment of products
Part 9: Installation requirements
_______
- 3 - EN 50090-5-1:2005
Contents
1 Scope.5
2 Normative references .5
3 Definitions and abbreviations.6
3.1 Definitions .6
3.2 Abbreviations .6
4 Requirements for HBES Class 1, power line PL110 .7
4.1 Physical layer PL110 .7
4.1.1 General .7
4.1.2 Transmission medium.8
4.1.3 Medium attachment unit (MAU).9
4.1.4 Installation topology .12
4.1.5 Installation requirements .12
4.1.6 Surge protection .13
4.1.7 Services at the data link layer / physical layer interface .13
4.1.8 Features of PL110 physical layer.14
4.2 Data link layer type PL110.18
4.2.1 Domain Address/Individual Address/Group Address .19
4.2.2 Frame formats .20
4.2.3 Medium access control .24
4.2.4 Data link layer services .28
4.2.5 Parameters of layer-2 .30
4.2.6 Data link layer protocol.30
4.2.7 The layer-2 of a repeater .31
5 Requirements for HBES Class 1, power line PL132 .32
5.1 General .32
5.2 Physical layer PL132 .32
5.2.1 Medium definition .32
5.2.2 Datagram service .33
5.3 Data link layer type power line 132 .36
5.3.1 Frame format.36
5.3.2 Medium access control .41
5.3.3 L_Data service and protocol .41
5.3.4 L_PollData service .44
5.3.5 L_Busmon service .44
5.3.6 L_Service_Information service.44
Bibliography.45
Figure 1 - Structure of the MAU (example) .8
Figure 2 - Signal encoding.10
Figure 3 - Idealized overlapping of 105,6 kHz and 115,2 kHz .11
Figure 4 - Example of a PL inductive coupling circuit .12
Figure 5 - Example of a typical PL topology.12
Figure 6 - Character .14
Figure 7 - Structure of a datagram .15
Figure 8 - Structure of an acknowledgement frame .15
Figure 9 - Generation matrix of PL110 .16

Figure 10 - Operations of Galois-Field GF2 .17
Figure 11 - Three phase system .18
Figure 12 - Domain Address .19
Figure 13 - Individual Address.19
Figure 14 - Group Address.19
Figure 15 - Format 1s, frame fields with standard fieldname abbreviations .20
Figure 16 - Format 1s, L_Data_standard request frame format.20
Figure 17 - Control field.21
Figure 18 - Check octet .22
Figure 19 - Frame fields with standard fieldname abbreviations .22
Figure 20 - Format 1e, L_Data_extended request frame format.22
Figure 21 - Extended control cield.23
Figure 22 - Format 2, short acknowledgement frame format.24
Figure 23 - Timing diagram of an L_Data-request frame .27
Figure 24 - Complete frame encapsulation (datagram) .34
Figure 25 - Overview of primitives.35
Figure 26 - Frame fields with standard fieldname abbreviations .36
Figure 27 - L_Data request standard frame format.37
Figure 28 - Control field.37
Figure 29 - NPCI Field.38
Figure 30 - Frame fields with standard fieldname abbreviations .39
Figure 31 - L_Data_extended request frame format .39
Figure 32 - Extended control field .39
Figure 34 - Complete acknowledgement frame encapsulation (ACK) .40

Table 1 - General requirements for physical layer PL110.7
Table 2 - Example of typical cable characteristics .9
Table 3 - Power supply of the MAU.9
Table 4 - Requirements for the impedance of the MAU.11
Table 5 - Table of syndromes related to errors .16
Table 6 - L_Data-request priorities.26
Table 7 - Parameters for Ph-Data service.35
Table 8 - Ph-Service class parameters .35
Table 9 - Ph-Result values .36

- 5 - EN 50090-5-1:2005
1 Scope
This European Standard defines the mandatory and optional requirements for the medium specific
physical and data link layer of power line Class 1 in its two variations PL110 and PL132.
Data link layer interface and general definitions, which are medium independent, are given in
EN 50090-4-1.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
1)
EN 50090-1 - Home and Building Electronic Systems (HBES)
Part 1: Standardization structure
EN 50090-2-2 1996 Home and Building Electronic Systems (HBES)
Part 2-2: System overview - General technical requirements
EN 50090-4-1 2004 Home and Building Electronic Systems (HBES
Part 4-1: Media independent layers - Application layer for HBES Class 1
EN 50090-4-2 2004 Home and Building Electronic Systems (HBES)
Part 4-2: Media independent layers - Transport layer, network layer and
general parts of data link layer for HBES Class 1
EN 50090-5-2 2004 Home and Building Electronic Systems (HBES) -
Part 5-2: Media and media dependent layers - Network based on HBES
Class 1, Twisted Pair
EN 50065-1 2001 Signalling on low-voltage electrical installations in the frequency range
3 kHz to 148,5 kH
Part 1: General requirements, frequency bands and electromagnetic
disturbances
EN 50065-4-6 2004 Signalling on low-voltage electrical installations in the frequency range
3 kHz to 148,5 kHz
Part 4-6: Low voltage decoupling filters - Phase coupler
EN 50065-7 2001 Signalling on low-voltage electrical installations in the frequency range
3 kHz to 148,5 kH
Part 7: Equipment impedance
EN 50160 1999 Voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public distribution systems
EN 55016-1-2 2004 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods
Part 1-2: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus -
Ancillary equipment - Conducted disturbances (CISPR 16-1-2:2003)
EN 61643-11 2002 Low-voltage surge protective devices – Part 11: Surge protective
devices connected to low-voltage power systems - Requirements and
tests (IEC 61643-1:1998 + corrigendum Dec. 1998, modified)
———————
1)
At draft stage.
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this part the terms and definitions given in EN 50090-1 (some of which are repeated
below for convenience) and the following apply.
3.1.1
differential mode
PL signals are injected between phase and neutral [EN 50065-1]
3.1.2
router
a router connects one sub-network with another sub-network
3.1.3
PL110
power line signalling operating in the frequency band 95 kHz - 125 kHz according to EN 50065-1
3.1.4
PL132
power line signalling operating in the frequency band 125 kHz - 140 kHz according to EN 50065-1
3.2 Abbreviations
HBES Class 1 refers to simple control and command
HBES Class 2 refers to Class 1 plus simple voice and stable picture transmission
HBES Class 3 refers to Class 2 plus complex video transfers
ACK Acknowledgement
NRZ Non Return to Zero
SPD Surge Protection Devices
LPDU Link layer Protocol Data Unit
CS Check Sequence
TPDU Transport layer Protocol Data Unit
APDU Application layer Protocol Data Unit
NACK Not acknowledge
DAF Destination Address Flag
FSK Frequency Shift Keying
SFSK Spread Frequency Shift Keying
MSK Minimum Shift Keying
FEC Forward Error Correction
FCS Frame Check Sequence
CTRL Control field
MAU Medium Attachment Unit
NPCI Network Protocol Control Information
CSMA Carrier Sense Multiple Access protocol
DOA Domain Address
- 7 - EN 50090-5-1:2005
4 Requirements for HBES Class 1, power line PL110
4.1 Physical layer PL110
4.1.1 General
This clause describes the physical layer characteristics of the PL110 power line signalling which operates
in the frequency band 95-125kHz band as described in EN 50065-1 and having a nominal centre
frequency of 110 kHz.
The main characteristics of the PL110 physical layer are:
• a spread frequency shift keying signalling;
• asynchronous transmission of data packets;
• symbols globally synchronized to the mains frequency;
• half duplex bi-directional communication.
Electrical wiring in the building/home shall be in compliance with the current national regulations. Power
line communication is described in EN 50065-1 (general requirements, frequency allocation and
electromagnetic disturbances).
The electric power distribution network normally determines the physical topology of the power line
network. The structure of this network may be 1- or 3-phase. The rated voltage between one phase and
the neutral shall be 230 V. PL110 signals are injected between phase and neutral.
General requirements for the physical layer type PL110 are given in Table 1.
Table 1 - General requirements for physical layer PL110
Characteristic Description
Medium electrical power distribution network
Topology installation dependant (e.g. linear, star, tree)
Bit rate 1 200 bps
Mains frequency 50 Hz (according to EN 50160)
Number of Domain Addresses 255
Number of Individual Addresses 32 767
Modulation type spread frequency shift keying (SFSK)
Frequency for logical “0“
105,6 kHz ± 100 ppm
Frequency for logical “1“
115,2 kHz ± 100 ppm
Bit duration 833,33 µs
a
Maximum output level 122 dBµV
b
Input sensitivity ≤ 60 dBµV
c
Device class Class 122
Compliance to standards EN 50065-1
a
Measurement according to EN 50065-1.
b
With artificial network according to EN 55016-1-2 [(50 µH + 5 Ω) / 50 Ω].
c
Equipment manufactured to Class 116 according to EN 50065-1 will now meet the requirements of Class 122 and
may be marked Class 116 provided that its output complies with the previous standard.

The logical structure of the physical layer PL110 entity is shown in Figure 1. Each PL110-device includes
one.
The PL110 entity shall consist of three blocks:
• connector;
• medium attachment unit (MAU);
• error correction.
Local Layer -1 User
Ph_Data.req Ph_Data.ind
octets
Error correction
Synchroni
-sation
character character
octets + error
encoding evaluation
correction
Txd Dump SCLK C_Data
bit stream
Bit to signal Correlator Optional
encoding power-
signal at
supply MAU
Transmitter Receiver
Connector
medium with
analog signal
Figure 1 - Structure of the MAU (example)
4.1.2 Transmission medium
4.1.2.1 Requirements for protection against electrical shocks and connectors
The PL110 devices are connected to the 230 V installation network. The requirements for protection
against electrical shocks for human beings (and animals) and connectors shall be considered within the
complete device and are not subject to the physical layer description.
These requirements are fixed in the installation and equipment standards (safety standards).
4.1.2.2 Power line cables
The requirements for power line cables are defined by the use as installation wires according to national
regulations. Normally the type of cable, the connected loads and the topology of the network is not
known. Some widespread cables are listed in Table 2. In contrast to the theoretical values, the
impedance at one network access point is determined more by the load than by the cabling.

- 9 - EN 50090-5-1:2005
Typical cables for fixed electrical installation are “thermoplastic-insulated and sheathed cable“, “PVC-
insulated flat cable, overall covering vulcanized rubber“ or “sheathed metal-clad wiring cable with PVC-
insulated cores sheet-zinc cover with additional PVC-jacket” .
Table 2 - Example of typical cable characteristics
Feature Description
Cross-section 1,5 mm² up to 4 mm²
Used wires Phase and Neutral
Resistance
25 µΩ/m to 50 mΩ/m
Capacity 15 pF/m to 100 pF/m
Inductance 1,2 µH/m to 1,5 µH/m
NOTE The use of shielded cables and cables with cross sections greater than 35 mm can influence PL110 signalling significantly!
4.1.3 Medium attachment unit (MAU)
The medium attachment unit converts the frequency-coded signals into values representing logical ones
and zeros and vice versa. In parallel, a power supply circuit may be connected to the medium. Signal
converter and power supply shall be independent from each other. The power supply shall meet the
following requirements:
Table 3 – Power supply of the MAU
Power Nominal values
supply
Receiving 5 V at 30 mA / 24 V at 1 mA
mode
Transmitting 5 V at 30 mA / 24 V at 10 mA - 50 mA
mode (dependent on impedance)
Compliance is checked by measurement.
The power supply of the MAU may be internal or external.

amplitude
4.1.3.1 Signal encoding
A signal of 105,6 kHz for a period of 833.3 µs shall correspond to a logical “0“, a signal of 115,2 kHz for a
period of 833.3 µs to a logical “1“. See Figure 2.

symbolic: 105,6 kHz symbolic: 115,2 kHz
1,8 V
0 time
- 1,8 V
833 µ s 833 µ s
logical "0" logical "1"
Figure 2 - Signal encoding
These NRZ-signals are superimposed on the 230 V/50 Hz mains AC-voltage. The maximum amplitude of
the signal shall be limited to 122 dBµV, measured with EN 5506-1-2 artificial mains network according
EN 50065-1. The sensitivity of the receiver shall be better than 60 dBµV.
For lowest disturbances, the change between adjacent symbols shall be phase continuous.
Compliance is checked by measurement.
4.1.3.2 Overlapping of logical "0" or "1"
Overlapping of logical "0" or "1"-symbols, e.g. the simultaneous transmission of equal information at the
same time from several MAU's (e.g. common ACK), results in fade-in / fade-out effects. Due to slight
frequency deviations between several MAU's the signal fades periodically with the difference of the MAU-
frequencies. In PL110 power line communication this case can be avoided by setting a unique group
response flag to each assigned Group Address.
4.1.3.3 Overlapping of logical "0" and "1"
Overlapping of logical "0" and "1"-symbols, e.g. the simultaneous transmission of different information at
the same time from several MAU's, results in a collision. While there is no indication of collision for any
MAU, the probability of this state is minimized by special bus access mechanism.

- 11 - EN 50090-5-1:2005
2,0
1,5
1,0
0,5
0,0
-0,5
-1,0
-1,5
-2,0
t [µs]
Figure 3 - Idealized overlapping of 105,6 kHz and 115,2 kHz
4.1.3.4 Impedance of the MAU
To limit the influence of connected MAU's on the characteristic of the power line bus the impedance in
receiving mode shall be high. For signal injection with minimum losses, the impedance in transmitting
mode shall be low. When tested according to EN 50065-7, the limits for PL110 shall be:
Table 4 - Requirements for the impedance of the MAU
Impedance on Requirements
Receiving mode Z  ≥ 80 Ω at 100 kHz to 125 kHz
in
Transmitting mode
Z  ≤ 20 Ω at 100 kHz to 125 kHz
out
Amplitude [V]
4.1.3.5 PL bus coupling
C
K
fuse
phase
t
r
a
n
T
1 s
c
R
1 e
i
D
v
e
r
neutral
Legend:
C : coupling capacitor, X2-type
k
T : coupling transformer
D : transient voltage protection diode
R : resistor for discharging C (optional)
1 k
Figure 4 - Example of a PL inductive coupling circuit
Electrical coupling of signals to the power line is done by special circuits. In general, capacitive or
inductive coupling may be used. Inductive coupling may be combined with electrical insulation or not.
4.1.4 Installation topology
The structure of an electrical installation may be linear, star, ring, tree or any combination. Referring to
the electrical distribution board as the centre, the topology normally has a star structure. Each branch of
the electrical distribution network may have its own different structure.
distribution panel
circuit
breaker
optional
.
branches
leakage
.
.
meter fuse
of free
circuit
topology
protector
circuit
breaker
Figure 5 - Example of a typical PL topology
4.1.5 Installation requirements
The installation of the power line network is subject to national and international regulations and
standards. Additional instructions about the communication aspects of the network may be given in the
manufacturers instruction sheet.

- 13 - EN 50090-5-1:2005
4.1.6 Surge protection
The electrical installation may or may not be provided with external surge protection. Where external SPD
is provided it shall comply with type 1 (for primary protection) or type 2 (for secondary protection)
according to EN 61643-11.
4.1.7 Services at the data link layer / physical layer interface
Two services Ph_Data.req (p_class, p_data) and Ph_Data.ind (p_class, p_data) shall be implemented at
the data link / physical layer interface:
Ph_Data.req shall be called by the data link layer. Each Ph_Data.req() service primitive shall transfer a
single octet to the physical layer. The class parameter shall contain timing information.
p_class: start_of_sys.prio_frame: This parameter value shall be used to transmit training
sequence, preamble I, preamble II and character after at
least 58 bit times idle line since the last bit of the
proceeding data link message cycle.
start_of_of_prio_frame: This parameter value shall be used to transmit training
sequence, preamble I, preamble II and character after at
least 74 + (n-16)  0 ≤ n ≤ 7 bit times idle line since the
last bit of proceeding data link message cycle.
start_of_repeated_frame: This parameter value shall be used to transmit training
sequence, preamble I, preamble II and character after
exactly 40 bit times since the last bit of the proceeding
L_Data request.
inner_frame_char: This parameter value shall be used to transmit a character
without any time gap after the last bit of the proceeding
character.
ack_char: This parameter value shall be used to transmit training
sequence, preamble I, preamble II and character after
exactly 4 bit times after the last bit of the proceeding
L_Data request.
nack_char: This parameter value shall be used to transmit training
sequence, preamble I, preamble II and character after
exactly 22 bit times after the last bit of the proceeding
L_Data request.
p_data: octet: This parameter value shall contain the octet to be
expanded by four error corrections to a character and to
be transmitted. Due to the fact that no collision-detection
is carried out during transmission the return value of a
Ph_Data.con shall always be "Ok".

Ph_Data.ind shall be called by the physical layer. Each Ph_Data.ind() service primitive shall transfer a
single octet to the data link layer.
Ph_Data.ind (p_class, p_data)
p_class: start_of_frame: This parameter value shall be used to indicate that after
detection of preamble I + preamble II a character was
received
inner_frame_char: This parameter value shall be used to indicate that a
character was received immediately after the proceeding
bit
ack_char: This parameter value shall be used to indicate that after
detection of preamble I + preamble II a character was
received
bit_error: This parameter value shall be used to indicate that an
uncorrectable bit error was detected in the received
character and that reception was terminated.
p_data: octet: This parameter value shall be used to indicate that the
data octet error was corrected and extracted from the
received character
4.1.8 Features of PL110 physical layer
This chapter describes the frame format, error correction and synchronization of PL110 medium.
Compliance to the requirements of this subclause are subject to transient and logical measurement
equipment.
4.1.8.1 PL110 character overview
Each PL110 frame shall start with a training sequence and a preamble. Training sequence and preamble
shall not be coded. Each data link layer octet shall be coded to a 12 bit character (8 bits data + 4 bits
error correction).
Transmission direction
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 E 3 E 2 E 1 E 0
Octet Error Correction
Figure 6 - Character
During transmission and reception no time gaps are allowed between the bits of a character.

- 15 - EN 50090-5-1:2005
4.1.8.2 Frame structure
The datagram shall consist of training sequence, preamble I / II, LPDU + check sequence (CS) and the
Domain Address. Frame check sequence shall be calculated with respect to Twisted Pair type 1 LPDU
(see EN 50090-5-2), which shall itself be identical to the Twisted Pair type 1 LPDU. The CS for physical
layer Twisted Pair type 1 and PL110 shall therefore be identical.

Training Domain
Preamble I Preamble II LPDU
CS
sequence
Address
the checksum CS is calculated only within this range
4 bit 2 x 8 8 + 4 bit
bit
Figure 7 - Structure of a datagram
Training
ACK / NACK
Preamble I Preamble II
sequence character
8 + 4 bit
4 bit 2 x 8 bit
Figure 8 - Structure of an acknowledgement frame
4.1.8.3 The training sequence
After switching into the status start_of_pdu the physical layer shall transmit a training sequence of 4 bit
duration. The bit sequence is fixed to [0 1 0 1].
4.1.8.4 The preamble transmission start
The next 16 bit shall consist of the preamble I and II. This preamble shall allow the receiver to start. The
sequence of each preamble is fixed to B0h.
4.1.8.5 Faulty transmission detection
The error correction of the PL110 physical layer shall be done by power line (12,8) block - coding.
Generation shall be calculated with the following matrix:

 
1 0 00 00 00
 
0 1 00 00 00
 
 
00 1 0 00 00
 
 
00 0 100 00
 
 
00 00 1 0 00
 
 
 
00 00 0 100 E
G== 
 
00 00 00 1 0 T
   
 
 
00 00 00 0 1
 
 
00 00 11 11
 
 
0 1 1100 0 1
 
 
1 0 1 1 011 0
 
1 1 0 1 10 10
 
Figure 9 - Generation matrix of PL110
Coding shall result in an overhead of 4 bit referring to one octet. The hamming - distance of this coding
shall be minimum 3. With this (12,8) - coding it shall be possible to correct every single bit error in a 12 bit
character and to recognise some multiple errors.
The code shall be calculated by determining redundancy r as the function of the transformation matrix T
and the octet x:
r=⋅Tx
For decoding an estimation r´ of the redundancy dependant on the incoming data d shall be performed.
The estimated redundancy shall be subtracted by the received redundancy d . The result shall be a
u
syndrome with the value of s indicating the column of the error. Correction shall be done by inverting this
bit. For an error-free transmission the difference of r´ and d shall be 0.
u
T
=
dd d
0 u
′= ⋅
r Td
s=−d r′
u
Table 5 - Table of syndromes related to errors
Value of the
3 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 8 4 2 1 13 14 15 0
syndrome
error-
Error location 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 error
free
- 17 - EN 50090-5-1:2005
For all calculations, GF2 arithmetic shall be used:
a
a b ab+×a b ab−
b
1 1 01 01
01 1 0 1 0
10 10 1 −
00000 −
Figure 10 - Operations of Galois-Field GF2
EXAMPLE 1
T
x :=[]1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0                                octet to be transmitted
00 00 1 1 1 1 0
   
   
0 1 11 00 0 1 1
   
rT=⋅x= ⋅=x                            redundancy
   
1 011 0 1 1 0 1
   
1 1 0 1 10 10 1
   
T
c =[] x , r =[]1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1        character to be transmitted
↓ Transmission error
T
d =[] d ,d =[]1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1               received character
o u
T
r=′ T ⋅ d = . = 0 0 0 1                            estimated redundancy
[]
o
T
s =−d r ′==0 1 1 0 6
[]
u 10
Referring to Figure 12 a syndrome value of 6 shall correspond to an error in column 3. Inverting bit
number 3 shall lead to the corrected frame.
4.1.8.6 Synchronization
The mains zero-crossing period shall be 10 ms in single phase systems and 33. ms in triple phase
systems (for nominal mains frequency). By dividing the 33. ms time base by an integer the set of
possible bit widths (and bit rates respectively) in triple phase systems shall be calculated:
bit rate=⋅n 300 bps    n∈Ν
350,000
250,000
150,000
50,000
0 1234 56 789 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Volt
-50,000
-150,000
-250,000
T
delay T bit
d
-350,000
time [msec]
Figure 11 - Three phase system
The start of a transmission shall not be placed exactly at the mains zero-crossing due to internal delays of
the coupling circuit. The delay shall however not exceed the value shown below.
T ≤ 40 µs
d
In order to compensate deviations of mains frequencies PL110 MAU's shall detect the zero crossing of
the mains voltage and measure the actual mains frequency. If the mains frequency (received in the
described way) is placed within the permissible tolerance, the bit width shall be calculated by the following
formula:
actual mains frequency
actual bit width =
*1200
nominal mains frequency
With the help of the first transmitted bit the transmitter shall fix its bit width to the nominal bit width of
833.3 µs. On receiving the first preamble the receiver shall also fix its bit width to the nominal bit width of
833.3 µs and correct the beginning of the following bit by:
12 x (actual bit width - nominal bit width)
4.2 Data link layer type PL110
This chapter describes the addressing, frame formats and access control of PL110 medium. Compliance
to the requirements of this subclause are subject to transient and logical measurement equipment.

- 19 - EN 50090-5-1:2005
4.2.1 Domain Address/Individual Address/Group Address
Every PL110-device shall have a Domain Address. The Domain Address shall be a two octet number.
The most significant octet shall be set to zero, the lower significant octet shall contain the number of the
Domain Address.
Request frames with Domain Address zero shall be interpreted as system-broadcasts.
Domain Address
Octet 0 Octet 1
b B b b b b b b b b b B b b B b
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Number
Figure 12 - Domain Address
Every PL110-device (even a router) shall have a unique Individual Address in a network. The Individual
Address shall be a two octet value that consists of an 8-bit sub-network address, and an 8-bit device
address.
Individual Address
Octet 0 Octet 1
b b b B b b b b b B b b b B b b
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Sub-network address Device address
Figure 13 - Individual Address
The most significant bit shall be the main-responder-flag. If the length of the address table is set to zero
and the main-responder-flag is set, all incoming group-messages shall be acknowledged and passed to
the next layer. If the main-responder-flag is not set all incoming group-messages shall remain
unacknowledged and passed to the next layer.
The device address shall be unique within a sub-network. Media couplers shall have the device address
zero. End devices shall have the device address 1 to 255.
The sub-network address shall be unique within a network.
The most significant bit shall be the group-responder-flag. If this bit is set all incoming messages with this
destination Group Address shall be acknowledged. There shall be at least one end device within one
network with this bit set.
The Group Address is a 15 bit value that must not be unique. An end device may have more than one
Group Address.
Every end device belongs to group zero, i.e. request frames with destination Group Address zero shall be
interpreted as broadcasts.
Group Address
Dest. Addr. (high) Dest. Addr. (low)
Octet 0 Octet 1
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Main Group Sub Group
Figure 14 - Group Address
4.2.2 Frame formats
4.2.2.1 General
Two frame formats shall be supported: the normal telegram frame and the acknowledgement frame.
Other frame formats shall not be received. Each frame shall be sent as a sequence of characters. The
character that corresponds to octet 0 shall be sent first, the octet with the highest number shall be the last
character sent. The individual bits of an octet shall be sent in descending order, i.e. the most significant
bit (bit 7) shall be sent first. The different frame formats shall differ in the control field.
4.2.2.2 L_Data frame
Two L_Data frame formats are available on the PL110 medium. The usage of the different formats
depends on the value of the frame format parameter to the link layer (see EN 50090-4-2). The standard
frame format shall be used if the frame format parameter is 0, otherwise the extended frame format is
used.
4.2.2.3 L_Data_Standard frame
4.2.2.3.1 Overview
The structure of the variable length L_Data_Standard frame shall comply with Figure 15.
AT,
NPCI
CTRL SA DA TPDU (L_Data) FCS DOA
,
LG
8 16 16 8  8 8
Figure 15 - Format 1s, frame fields with standard fieldname abbreviations
Octet 0 Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4 Octet 5 Octet 6 Octet 7 Octet 8 . Octet 21 Octet 22 Octet 23 (max.)
Control Field Source Addr. (h) Source Addr. (l) Dest. Addr. (h) Dest. Addr. (l) Check Octet Domain Address
LSDU LSDU
10 r 1 p1 p000
length
application user data
application control field
L-2 L-3 L-2 L-4 L-7 L-2
Figure 16 - Format 1s, L_Data_Standard request frame format
4.2.2.3.2 Control field (CTRL)
The first character of each frame shall be the control field. The control field shall contain information about
the data link layer service, its priority, a frame type flag and a flag containing the information whether the
LPDU is a repeated one (see Figure 17).

frame type
repeat flag
priority
"
area address
"
"
"
line address
"
"
"
device address
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
dest. group / physical address
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
address type g/i
hop count
"
"
length (0 to 15; start with Octet 7)
"
"
"
TPCI
"
"
"
"
"
APCI
"
"
"
data/APCI
data/APCI
data/APCI
data/APCI
data/APCI
data/APCI
data
data
data
data
data
data
data
data
data
data
data
data
data
data
data
data
data
data
data
data
data
data
data
data
NOT XOR
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Domain Address
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
- 21 - EN 50090-5-1:2005
Control field
b b b b b b b b
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Legend:
FT = 0: extended frame
FT = 1: standard frame
r = 0: repeated L_Data-Frame
r = 1: not repeated L_Data-Frame
FT 0 r 1 p p 0 0 L_Data-frame
1 0
x x 0 0 x x 0 0 Acknowledgement frame

p p
1 0
0 0 system priority
1 0 urgent priority
0 1 normal priority
1 1 low priority
Figure 17 - Control field
The control field shall indicate the type of the request frame, L_Data_Standard, L_Data_Extended or
acknowledgement frame. The two priority-bits of the CTRL field shall control the priority of the frame,
when two devices start transmission simultaneously.
Repeated L_Data frames shall have the repeat_flag set to zero, non-repeated ones to one.
The control field encoding '01r0p p 00' shall not be used for future extensions of the data link layer PL110
1 0
protocol.
4.2.2.3.3 Source address (SA)
The octets one and two of a request frame shall be the high and low octet of the source address. This
shall be the Individual Address of the end device that caused the transmission of the frame.
4.2.2.3.4 Destination address and address type (AT)
The destination address (octets three and four) shall define the devices that shall receive the frame. For
L_Data_Standard request frames, the destination address may either be an Individual Address (AT=0) or
a Group Address (AT=1), depending on the destination address type (AT) of octet five.
4.2.2.3.5 Length
The L_Data_Standard request frame format shall have a variable length; the maximum length shall be 24
characters. The length information shall indicate the number of characters (0-14) transported by the
L_Data_Standard request frame starting with the octet 7. This means that an L_Data_Standard request
frame with length 0 shall end after the sixth octet.
4.2.2.3.6 Check octet
Octet 22 of a request frame shall be the check octet (Figure 18): this octet shall be created by making an
odd parity over the set of corresponding bits belonging to the preceding octets of the frame. This
represents a logical NOT XOR function (F
...