EN 45545-1:2013
(Main)Railway applications - Fire protection on railway vehicles - Part 1: General
Railway applications - Fire protection on railway vehicles - Part 1: General
The measures and requirements specified in EN 45545 are intended to protect passengers and staff in railway vehicles in the event of a fire on board.
EN 45545 specifies:
- fire protection measures for railway vehicles;
- verification methods for these measures.
The protection of passengers and staff is essentially based on measures to:
- prevent fires occurring due to technical faults and due to equipment design or vehicle layout (Part 1, Part 4, Part 5 and Part 7);
- minimise the possibility of ignition of materials installed on railway vehicles due to accidents or vandalism (Part 1 and Part 2);
- detect a fire should it occur (Part 6);
- limit the spread of fire by specification of materials according to their operational categories (Part 2) and by measures for containment (Part 3);
- minimise the effects of fire in terms of heat, smoke and toxic gases on passengers or staff through the specification of materials installed on railway vehicles (Part 2);
- control and manage a fire, for example by means of fire detection, suppression and/or emergency shut down (Part 6).
The ultimate objective in the event of a fire on board is to allow passengers and staff to evacuate the railway vehicle and reach a place of safety.
The present European Standard describes the measures to be taken in the design of the vehicles in the context of the infrastructure on which they operate.
It is not within the scope of EN 45545 to describe measures that ensure the preservation of the vehicles in the event of a fire beyond what is required to fulfil the objective to protect passengers and staff.
This European Standard is valid for railway vehicles as defined in Clause 3.
Freight transportation vehicles are not covered by EN 45545.
This part of EN 45545 covers:
- principal definitions;
- operation categories;
- design categories;
- fire safety objectives;
- general requirements for fire protection measures and their evaluation of conformity.
Bahnanwendungen - Brandschutz in Schienenfahrzeugen - Teil 1: Allgemeine Regeln
Die in EN 45545 spezifizierten Maßnahmen und Anforderungen haben zum Ziel, Fahrgäste und Personal in Schienenfahrzeugen im Falle eines Brandes an Bord zu schützen.
In EN 45545 werden:
- Maßnahmen für den vorbeugenden Brandschutz in Schienenfahrzeugen und
- der Nachweismethoden für diese Maßnahmen
festgelegt.
Der Schutz von Fahrgästen und Personal basiert im Wesentlichen auf Maßnahmen, um:
- Brände zu verhindern, die aufgrund technischer Defekte und aufgrund der Auslegung von technischer Ausrüstung oder der Fahrzeuggestaltung auftreten (Teil 1, Teil 4, Teil 5 und Teil 7);
- die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Entzündung von in Schienenfahrzeugen eingesetzten Materialien aufgrund von Unfällen oder Vandalismus zu minimieren (Teil 1 und Teil 2);
- ein Feuer, sollte es auftreten, zu detektieren (Teil 6);
- die Brandausbreitung durch Spezifikation von Materialien nach den Betriebsklassen (Teil 2) und durch Maßnahmen zur Einhausung (Teil 3) zu begrenzen;
- die Auswirkungen eines Brandes in Form von Wärme, Rauch und toxischen Gasen auf Fahrgäste oder Personal durch Spezifikation der in Schienenfahrzeugen eingesetzten Materialien (Teil 2) zu minimieren;
- einen Brand einzuschränken und zu bewältigen, zum Beispiel mit Hilfe von Branderkennung, Brandbekämpfung und/oder Notabschaltung (Teil 6).
Das oberste Ziel ist es, im Falle eines Brandes an Bord den Fahrgästen und dem Personal zu ermöglichen, das Schienenfahrzeug zu verlassen und einen sicheren Bereich zu erreichen.
Die vorliegende Europäische Norm beschreibt die erforderlichen Maßnahmen der konstruktiven Fahrzeuggestaltung im Rahmen der Infrastruktur, in der sie zum Einsatz kommen.
Es fällt nicht in den Anwendungsbereich der EN 45545, Maßnahmen zu beschreiben, welche die Erhaltung der Fahrzeuge im Brandfall sicherstellen, und über das hinausgehen, was zum Schutz von Fahrgästen und Personal notwendig ist.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für Schienenfahrzeuge wie in Abschnitt 3 definiert.
Güterwagen werden durch EN 45545 nicht abgedeckt.
Dieser Teil der EN 45545 enthält:
- grundsätzliche Definitionen;
- Betriebsklassen;
- Bauartklassen;
- brandschutztechnische Schutzziele;
- allgemeine Anforderungen für Brandschutzmaßnahmen und die Bewertung ihrer Konformität.
Applications ferroviaires - Protection contre les incendies dans les véhicules ferroviaires - Partie 1: Généralités
Les mesures et les exigences spécifiées dans l’EN 45545 ont comme objectif de protéger les voyageurs et le personnel de bord dans les véhicules ferroviaires en cas d’incendie à bord.
L’EN 45545 spécifie :
les mesures concernant la protection contre les incendies dans les véhicules ferroviaires ;
les méthodes de vérification de ces mesures.
La protection des voyageurs et du personnel de bord est essentiellement fondée sur les mesures destinées :
à prévenir les incendies dus à des défauts techniques et dus à la conception des équipements ou à la conception du véhicule (Partie 1, Partie 4, Partie 5 et Partie 7) ;
à minimiser la possibilité d’allumage des matériaux installés dans les véhicules ferroviaires dus à des accidents ou des actes de vandalisme (Partie 1, Partie 2) ;
à détecter un incendie s’il se produit (Partie 6) ;
à limiter la propagation de l’incendie par des spécifications des matériaux selon leur catégories d’exploitation (Partie 2) et les mesures pour le contenir (Partie 3) ;
à minimiser les effets de l’incendie en terme de chaleur, fumée et gaz toxiques sur les voyageurs et le personnel de bord par des spécifications des matériaux installés dans les véhicules ferroviaires (Partie 2) ;
à contrôler et gérer un incendie, par exemple aux moyens de la détection incendie, la suppression et/ou la coupure de courant d’urgence (Partie 6).
L’objectif ultime en cas d’incendie à bord est de permettre aux voyageurs et au personnel de bord d’évacuer le véhicule ferroviaire et d’atteindre une zone de sécurité.
La présente norme européenne décrit les mesures qui doivent être prises en compte dans la conception des véhicules, dans le contexte de l’infrastructure sur laquelle ils sont exploités.
Il n’est pas dans le champ d’application de la présente norme Européenne de décrire les mesures de protection des véhicules lors d’un incendie, les exigences présentées ayant pour objectif de protéger les voyageurs et le personnel de bord.
L’EN 45545 s’applique aux véhicules ferroviaires définis à l’Article 3.
Les wagons de marchandises ne sont pas couverts par l’EN 45545.
La présente partie de l’EN 45545 fixe :
les principales définitions ;
les catégories d’exploitation ;
les catégories de conception ;
les objectifs de sécurité incendie ;
les exigences générales pour les mesures de protection contre l’incendie et l’évaluation de leur conformité.
Železniške naprave - Požarna zaščita na železniških vozilih - 1. del: Splošno
Ukrepi in zahteve iz standarda EN 45545 so namenjeni zaščiti potnikov in vlakovnega osebja na železniških vozilih v primeru požara na vozilu. Standard EN 45545 določa:
– ukrepe za požarno zaščito za železniška vozila;
– metode za preverjanje teh ukrepov.
Zaščita potnikov in vlakovnega osebja v bistvu temelji na ukrepih za:
– preprečevanje požarov, do katerih pride zaradi tehničnih okvar in konstrukcije opreme ali izvedbe vozila (1. del, 4. del, 5. del in 7. del);
– čim večje zmanjšanje možnosti vžiga materialov, nameščenih na železniških vozilih, zaradi nesreč ali vandalizma (1. del in 2. del);
– zaznavanje morebitnega požara (6. del);
– omejitev širjenja požara s specifikacijo materialov glede na njihove operativne kategorije (2. del) in z ukrepi za preprečevanje širjenja (3. del);
– čim večje zmanjšanje učinkov požara, kot so vročina, dim in strupeni plini, na potnike ali osebje, in sicer s specifikacijo materiala, nameščenega na železniških vozilih (2. del);
– nadzorovanje in obvladovanje požara, na primer z zaznavanjem ognja, gašenjem ognja in/ali izklopom energetske preskrbe v sili (6. del). Glavni cilj v primeru požara na vozilu je zagotoviti evakuacijo potnikov in osebja iz železniškega vozila na varno lokacijo. Ta evropski standard opisuje ukrepe, ki jih je treba uporabiti pri konstrukciji vozil v okviru infrastrukture, v kateri obratujejo. V okviru standarda EN 45545 niso opisani ukrepi za zagotavljanje obvarovanja vozil v primeru požara, ki presegajo ukrepe, potrebne za izpolnjevanje cilja zaščite potnikov in osebja. Ta evropski standard velja za železniška vozila, kot je določeno v točki 3. Standard EN 45545 ne zajema tovornih vozil. Ta del standarda EN 45545 zajema:
– osnovne definicije;
– obratovalne kategorije;
– konstrukcijske kategorije;
– cilje požarne varnosti;
– splošne zahteve za ukrepe požarne zaščite in oceno njihove skladnosti.
General Information
Overview
EN 45545-1:2013 is the CEN European standard that sets the general framework for fire protection on railway vehicles. As Part 1 of the EN 45545 series, it defines the objectives, scope and essential principles used across the series to protect passengers and staff in the event of an on-board fire. The standard applies to railway rolling stock (not freight vehicles) and supports compliance with EU Directive 2008/57/EC.
Key topics and requirements
- Fire safety objectives - the ultimate aim is safe evacuation: allow passengers and staff to reach a place of safety by limiting fire effects (heat, smoke, toxic gases) and fire spread.
- Scope and exclusions - applies to passenger and other railway vehicles defined in Clause 3; excludes freight transportation vehicles.
- Principal definitions - standardized terminology for alarm, fire barrier, fire resistance, fire detection device, smoke density (Ds(n)), CIT (conventional index of toxicity), etc.
- Operation Categories and Design Categories - classification system that tailors material and design requirements to operating conditions and infrastructure (including differentiation for vehicles operating under the Railway Interoperability Directive).
- General fire protection measures - prevention of ignition (design and layout), limitation of combustible materials exposure, detection, containment (fire barriers), mitigation of heat/smoke/toxicity, and fire control/management (detection, suppression, emergency shutdown).
- Verification and conformity - requirements for design verification and validation, testing and quality management. Normative references include EN ISO 13943 (fire safety vocabulary) and ISO/IEC 17025 (testing laboratory competence).
- Relationship to other parts - Part 1 sets the framework used by EN 45545-2 (materials & components), Part 3 (fire barriers), Part 4 (rolling stock design), Part 5 (electrical equipment), Part 6 (fire control systems) and Part 7 (flammable fluid installations).
Practical applications and users
Who uses EN 45545-1:
- Rolling stock designers and vehicle manufacturers integrating railway fire safety into vehicle architecture
- Material suppliers and component manufacturers ensuring products meet hazard-level requirements
- Fire safety engineers and system integrators (detection, suppression, PA systems)
- Compliance and certification bodies assessing conformity and interoperability with EU directives
- Infrastructure managers and procurement teams specifying safety requirements for new vehicles
Typical use cases:
- Establishing design briefs and safety objectives for new train projects
- Classifying vehicles by Operation/Design Categories to determine material and system requirements
- Defining acceptance criteria for fire tests, detection systems and fire containment strategies
Related standards
- EN 45545-2 to EN 45545-7 (materials, fire barriers, vehicle design, electrical equipment, fire control systems, flammable liquids/gases)
- EN ISO 13943 (fire safety vocabulary)
- ISO/IEC 17025 (testing laboratory competence)
Keywords: EN 45545-1, fire protection on railway vehicles, railway fire safety, operation categories, design categories, fire detection, fire barriers, rolling stock fire protection, CEN standard, EU Directive 2008/57/EC.
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 45545-1:2013 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Railway applications - Fire protection on railway vehicles - Part 1: General". This standard covers: The measures and requirements specified in EN 45545 are intended to protect passengers and staff in railway vehicles in the event of a fire on board. EN 45545 specifies: - fire protection measures for railway vehicles; - verification methods for these measures. The protection of passengers and staff is essentially based on measures to: - prevent fires occurring due to technical faults and due to equipment design or vehicle layout (Part 1, Part 4, Part 5 and Part 7); - minimise the possibility of ignition of materials installed on railway vehicles due to accidents or vandalism (Part 1 and Part 2); - detect a fire should it occur (Part 6); - limit the spread of fire by specification of materials according to their operational categories (Part 2) and by measures for containment (Part 3); - minimise the effects of fire in terms of heat, smoke and toxic gases on passengers or staff through the specification of materials installed on railway vehicles (Part 2); - control and manage a fire, for example by means of fire detection, suppression and/or emergency shut down (Part 6). The ultimate objective in the event of a fire on board is to allow passengers and staff to evacuate the railway vehicle and reach a place of safety. The present European Standard describes the measures to be taken in the design of the vehicles in the context of the infrastructure on which they operate. It is not within the scope of EN 45545 to describe measures that ensure the preservation of the vehicles in the event of a fire beyond what is required to fulfil the objective to protect passengers and staff. This European Standard is valid for railway vehicles as defined in Clause 3. Freight transportation vehicles are not covered by EN 45545. This part of EN 45545 covers: - principal definitions; - operation categories; - design categories; - fire safety objectives; - general requirements for fire protection measures and their evaluation of conformity.
The measures and requirements specified in EN 45545 are intended to protect passengers and staff in railway vehicles in the event of a fire on board. EN 45545 specifies: - fire protection measures for railway vehicles; - verification methods for these measures. The protection of passengers and staff is essentially based on measures to: - prevent fires occurring due to technical faults and due to equipment design or vehicle layout (Part 1, Part 4, Part 5 and Part 7); - minimise the possibility of ignition of materials installed on railway vehicles due to accidents or vandalism (Part 1 and Part 2); - detect a fire should it occur (Part 6); - limit the spread of fire by specification of materials according to their operational categories (Part 2) and by measures for containment (Part 3); - minimise the effects of fire in terms of heat, smoke and toxic gases on passengers or staff through the specification of materials installed on railway vehicles (Part 2); - control and manage a fire, for example by means of fire detection, suppression and/or emergency shut down (Part 6). The ultimate objective in the event of a fire on board is to allow passengers and staff to evacuate the railway vehicle and reach a place of safety. The present European Standard describes the measures to be taken in the design of the vehicles in the context of the infrastructure on which they operate. It is not within the scope of EN 45545 to describe measures that ensure the preservation of the vehicles in the event of a fire beyond what is required to fulfil the objective to protect passengers and staff. This European Standard is valid for railway vehicles as defined in Clause 3. Freight transportation vehicles are not covered by EN 45545. This part of EN 45545 covers: - principal definitions; - operation categories; - design categories; - fire safety objectives; - general requirements for fire protection measures and their evaluation of conformity.
EN 45545-1:2013 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 13.220.20 - Fire protection; 45.060.01 - Railway rolling stock in general. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 45545-1:2013 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 2008/57/EC; Standardization Mandates: M/275, M/334, M/483. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
You can purchase EN 45545-1:2013 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of CEN standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2013
äHOH]QLãNHQDSUDYH3RåDUQD]DãþLWDQDåHOH]QLãNLKYR]LOLKGHO 6SORãQR
Railway applications - Fire protection on railway vehicles - Part 1: General
Bahnanwendungen - Brandschutz in Schienenfahrzeugen - Teil 1: Allgemeine Regeln
Applications ferroviaires - Protection contre les incendies dans les véhicules ferroviaires -
Partie 1: Généralités
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 45545-1:2013
ICS:
13.220.20 3RåDUQD]DãþLWD Fire protection
45.060.01 Železniška vozila na splošno Railway rolling stock in
general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 45545-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2013
ICS 45.060.01; 13.220.20 Supersedes CEN/TS 45545-1:2009
English Version
Railway applications - Fire protection on railway vehicles - Part
1: General
Applications ferroviaires - Protection contre les incendies Bahnanwendungen - Brandschutz in Schienenfahrzeugen -
dans les véhicules ferroviaires - Partie 1: Généralités Teil 1: Allgemeine Regeln
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 December 2012.
CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such
national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN and CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under
the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2013 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide Ref. No. EN 45545-1:2013 E
for CEN national Members and for CENELEC Members.
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .6
3 Terms and definitions .6
4 Objectives . 13
4.1 General . 13
4.2 Fire resulting from accidental ignition or arson . 13
4.3 Fire resulting from technical defects . 14
4.4 Fire resulting from larger ignition models than those described in 4.2 and 4.3 . 14
5 Operation Categories and Design Categories of railway vehicles . 14
5.1 General . 14
5.2 Operation Categories . 15
5.2.1 General . 15
5.2.2 Vehicles operating on infrastructure subject to the Directive . 15
5.2.3 Vehicles operating on infrastructure not subject to the Directive . 16
5.3 Design Categories . 16
6 Vehicle classification . 16
7 Fire protection measures . 17
8 Evaluation of conformity . 17
8.1 General . 17
8.2 Design verification and validation . 17
8.3 Quality management . 17
Annex A (informative) Ignition models within the scope of the document . 18
Annex B (informative) Guidance on the designation of Operation Categories . 19
B.1 Operation Category 1 (OC1) . 19
B.2 Operation Category 2 (OC2) . 19
B.3 Operation Category 3 (OC3) . 19
B.4 Operation Category 4 (OC4) . 19
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC . 20
Bibliography . 23
Foreword
This document (EN 45545-1:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway
applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by March 2016.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN/TS 45545-1:2009.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC.
For relationship with EU Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
This series of European standards Railway applications — Fire protection on railway vehicles consists of:
Part 1: General;
Part 2: Requirements for fire behaviour of materials and components;
Part 3: Fire resistance requirements for fire barriers;
Part 4: Fire safety requirements for railway rolling stock design;
Part 5: Fire safety requirements for electrical equipment including that of trolley buses, track guided buses
and magnetic levitation vehicles;
Part 6: Fire control and management systems;
Part 7: Fire safety requirements for flammable liquid and flammable gas installations.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
EN 45545 is developed from existing fire safety regulations for railway vehicles from the International Union of
Railways (UIC) and different European countries.
In using the Operation and Design Categories defined in this part, the requirements laid down in the different
parts of EN 45545 will take into account the current operating conditions for European public rail transport.
1 Scope
The measures and requirements specified in EN 45545 are intended to protect passengers and staff in railway
vehicles in the event of a fire on board.
EN 45545 specifies:
fire protection measures for railway vehicles;
verification methods for these measures.
The protection of passengers and staff is essentially based on measures to:
prevent fires occurring due to technical faults and due to equipment design or vehicle layout (Part 1,
Part 4, Part 5 and Part 7);
minimise the possibility of ignition of materials installed on railway vehicles due to accidents or vandalism
(Part 1 and Part 2);
detect a fire should it occur (Part 6);
limit the spread of fire by specification of materials according to their operational categories (Part 2) and
by measures for containment (Part 3);
minimise the effects of fire in terms of heat, smoke and toxic gases on passengers or staff through the
specification of materials installed on railway vehicles (Part 2);
control and manage a fire, for example by means of fire detection, suppression and/or emergency energy
shut down (Part 6).
The ultimate objective in the event of a fire on board is to allow passengers and staff to evacuate the railway
vehicle and reach a place of safety.
The present European Standard describes the measures to be taken in the design of the vehicles in the
context of the infrastructure on which they operate.
It is not within the scope of EN 45545 to describe measures that ensure the preservation of the vehicles in the
event of a fire beyond what is required to fulfil the objective to protect passengers and staff.
This European Standard is valid for railway vehicles as defined in Clause 3.
Freight transportation vehicles are not covered by EN 45545.
This part of EN 45545 covers:
principal definitions;
Operation Categories;
Design Categories;
fire safety objectives;
general requirements for fire protection measures and their evaluation of conformity.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 13943:2010, Fire safety — Vocabulary (ISO 13943:2008)
EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
(ISO/IEC 17025)
ISO 8421-1:1987, Fire protection — Vocabulary — Part 1: General terms and phenomena of fire
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this series of documents (EN 45545-1 to EN 45545-7), the terms and definitions given in
relevant Technical Specification for Interoperability (TSI) documents, EN ISO 13943:2010 and ISO 8421-
1:1987, and the following definitions apply.
3.1
alarm
audible and/or visual indication to staff and/or passengers of the detection of fire
3.2
arc protection devices
device to contain an electrical arc within a prescribed region
3.3
armrest
element which may function as a support for a seated person’s arm but which may also be part of a seat
which defines the width of a seat place
3.4
automatic public address system
equipment that makes a pre-recorded announcement on detection of a fire
3.5
ARHE – average rate of heat emission at time t
cumulative heat emission from t = 0 to t = t divided by t
Note 1 to entry: For full details of how ARHE is generated, refer to 5.2 of EN 45545-2:2013.
3.6
cable conduits and ducts
linear electrical products such as flexible or rigid conduits, ducts or trays
Note 1 to entry: Heat shrinkable sleeves are not considered.
3.7
CIT
conventional index of toxicity
Note 1 to entry: Details of the derivation of CIT are specified in Annex C of EN 45545-2:2013.
3.8
coating
product applied as liquid or powder to a substrate that will cure or dry into a continuous surface to the
substrate
3.9
corridor
passenger area intended as a through route for passengers and staff
3.10
cylinder cabinet
dedicated cabinet containing gas cylinders
3.11
dead end
non dedicated area for passenger or staff, not intended as a through route
3.12
Ds(n)
specific optical density of smoke where n is the elapsed time since the start of testing in minutes
Note 1 to entry: For more detail, see EN 45545-2.
3.13
electrical equipment
anything used, intended to be used or installed for use, to generate, provide, transmit, transform, rectify,
convert, conduct, distribute, control, store, measure or use electrical energy
3.14
enclosure
housing for separating the internal and external environment from the electrical equipment
Note 1 to entry: For more functional descriptions refer to 5.4 of EN 45545-5:2013.
Note 2 to entry: IEV 826-12-20 and EN 60529.
3.15
exposed area
facing made of combustible material which could potentially be directly exposed to an ignition source
according to 4.2 and 4.3
Note 1 to entry: The term exposed surface is also used in the same context.
3.16
fire barrier
element that is intended for use in maintaining separation between two adjacent areas of a railway vehicle in
the event of a fire which resists the passage of flame and/or heat and/or effluents for a period of time under
specified conditions
3.17
fire barrier door
door which has specified fire resistance characteristics
3.18
fire detection device
device which responds to one or more products or effects of fire
3.19
fire exposure time
period of time during which passengers and staff stay in an area susceptible to being affected by fire or its
effluents on board of railway vehicles
3.20
fire fighting equipment
a) fixed equipment which delivers a fire extinguishing medium when either manually or automatically
activated;
b) portable or mobile equipment which delivers a fire extinguishing medium under manual control
3.21
fire resistance
ability of a test specimen to withstand fire or give protection from it for a period of time
Note 1 to entry: Typical criteria used to assess fire resistance in a standard fire test are fire integrity, thermal insulation
and radiation.
Note 2 to entry: “Fire-resistant” (adj.) refers only to this ability.
Note 3 to entry: See also EN ISO 13943.
3.22
flammable atmosphere
mixture of a flammable gas or vapour from a flammable liquid with air in which the concentration of the
flammable gas or vapour is between its upper and lower flammability limits
3.23
flammable gas
fuel which is in a gaseous state at a temperature of 15 °C at a pressure of 1 bar
Note 1 to entry: Directive 2009/142/EC.
3.24
flammable liquid
liquid that has a flash point of less than 55 °C as determined in accordance with EN ISO 2719 and fuel
intended for combustion in thermal machines
3.25
functionally suitable product
functionally suitable product is one which will meet the required static, dynamic and mechanical properties for
use in the specified operating environment, (e. g. temperature, chemicals, humidity) and have a life consistent
with normal industry maintenance schedules
3.26
gangway
articulated assembly allowing transit between railway vehicles
3.27
hazard levels
level of hazard to differentiate material fire safety requirements derived from Operation and Design Categories
3.28
high power circuit
circuit with a rated power greater than 20 kW, e.g. supply line, traction circuit and high power auxiliary supplies
3.29
insulation criterion
I
criterion by which thermal insulation is assessed
Note 1 to entry: It is based on the measurement of temperature rise on the unexposed side of the test specimen.
Note 2 to entry: The insulation criterion can vary and depends on the fire-safety objective(s).
Note 3 to entry: See also EN ISO 13943.
3.30
integrity criterion
E
criterion by which the ability of a separating element to prevent the passage of flames and hot gases is
assessed
Note 1 to entry: See also EN ISO 13943:2010, 4.199
3.31
limited surfaces
surfaces defined by dimensional limits and which offer a reduced risk because they have a smaller exposed
area than normal, unlimited surfaces
Note 1 to entry: Definition rules for limited surfaces are set out for IN2 products in Table 3 of EN 45545-2:2013.
3.32
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
LPG
propane, propene, butane or butene and mixtures of any of these, caused to be in the liquid state for storage
3.33
listed product
product listed in EN 45545-2:2013, Table 2
3.34
local alarm
alarm that gives warning solely in the area where fire products are detected
3.35
luggage compartment
single volume contained on a defined number of sides (which may include floor and ceiling) by elements with
specified fire resistance performance (including joints and/or fixings to the surrounding structure), to which
passengers have no access without authorisation
3.36
luggage container
single volume of less than 4 m contained on 6 sides by elements with specified fire resistant performance
(including joints and/or fixings to the surrounding structure)
3.37
luggage rack
rack provided above windows or seat back height intended for stowing passengers' luggage and/or
accessories
Note 1 to entry: It is intended for use by relatively light weight passenger items such as briefcases, holdalls and coats.
3.38
luggage stack
floor or below seat back height mounted unit intended for stowing passenger's luggage
Note 1 to entry: It is intended for the storage of relatively heavy items of passenger luggage such as suitcases.
3.39
MARHE – maximum average rate of heat emission
maximum value of ARHE during the time period t = 0 to t = tend
Note 1 to entry: For more detail, see EN 45545-2.
3.40
material
single basic substance or uniformly dispersed mixture e. g. metal, stone, wood, concrete, mineral wool with
uniformly dispersed binder, polymers
3.41
non-listed product
any product which is not listed in EN 45545-2:2013, Table 2
3.42
Operation Category of a railway vehicle
relationship between service, infrastructure and evacuation conditions for passengers and staff
3.43
passenger area
area which is freely accessible to passengers
3.44
passenger door
doors for the use of passengers between passenger areas in a railway vehicle or between a passenger area
and the exterior of a railway vehicle
3.45
passenger or staff compartment
passenger area or staff area, which cannot be used as a through route for passengers or staff respectively
3.46
place of safety
location that is free from danger and from which it is possible to move freely without threat from a fire
Note 1 to entry: Also named as safe refuge.
Note 2 to entry: See also EN ISO 13943:2010, 4.2.53.
3.47
product
the material or assembly about which information is required
3.48
radiation criterion
W
criterion by which the ability of the element of construction to withstand fire exposure on one side only, so as
to reduce the probability of the transmission of fire as a result of significant radiated heat either through the
element or from its unexposed surface to adjacent materials, is assessed
Note 1 to entry: Consistent with EN 13501-2:2007+A1:2009.
3.49
railway vehicles
track guided public passenger land transport vehicles
EXAMPLES Locomotives, dedicated self-propelled power vehicle, multiple units, coaches, driving trailers, light rail
vehicles, underground vehicles, trams, luggage and post vans running as part of a passenger train, passenger occupied
motor vehicle transporters, track guided buses, magnetic levitation vehicles and trolley buses (only in relation to the
electrical equipment).
3.50
refurbishment
programme of interior/exterior work, other than routine maintenance or repair, undertaken on a railway vehicle
to restore or enhance the level of design and performance
3.51
remote alarm
alarm that gives warning in areas other than where fire products are detected
3.52
rescue station
For infrastructure subject to the DIRECTIVE 2008/57/EC (see Annex ZA), a rescue station, named also fire
fighting point, is a defined location, inside or outside the tunnel, where fire fighting equipment can be used by
rescue services and where passengers and staff can evacuate. For other networks not subject to the Directive
2008/57/EC, a rescue station is defined as a preferred location offering a place of safety and where
passengers and staff are able to evacuate the vehicles
Note 1 to entry: See also TSI SRT.
3.53
running capability
ability of a train to reach an evacuation point in case of a fire on board
3.54
running time
time between a fire being detected or reported and the train arriving at a location where there are stations or
rescue stations
3.55
staff
any person employed on board a railway vehicle
3.56
staff area
area to which only members of staff have legitimate access
3.57
staff door
door giving access to or from staff areas in a railway vehicle or between a staff area and the exterior of a
railway vehicle
3.58
strip
surface which meet the definition of IN1 products in Table 2 of EN 45545-2:2013, but which offer a reduced
risk because it has a smaller exposed area compared to regular surfaces but which has a
...
EN 45545-1:2013 표준은 철도 차량에서의 화재 보호를 위한 중요한 기준을 제시하고 있습니다. 이 표준의 범위는 철도 차량 내에서 화재 발생 시 승객과 직원의 안전을 보장하기 위해 필요한 조치와 요구 사항을 포함합니다. 특히, 이 표준은 화재 발생을 방지하기 위한 기술적 결함, 장비 설계 또는 차량 배치와 관련된 조치들을 명확하게 규정하고 있습니다(Part 1, Part 4, Part 5, Part 7). EN 45545의 강점은 화재 발생 가능성을 최소화하기 위해 구체적으로 설치된 자재의 점화 여부를 평가하고, 화재가 발생할 경우 이를 감지하기 위한 방법론을 제공한다는 점입니다(Part 6). 또한, 화재의 확산을 제한하고, 설치된 자재의 열, 연기, 유독가스에 대한 영향을 최소화하는 조치를 명시하고 있습니다(Part 2). 이러한 조치는 승객과 직원의 안전을 우선시하며, 화재 발생 시 신속한 대피를 위한 근본적인 목표에 부합합니다. 더불어, EN 45545-1:2013은 철도 차량의 설계 과정에서 고려해야 할 인프라와의 관계를 명확히 하고 있으며, 화재 방지 목표와 관련하여 주요 정의, 운영 범주, 설계 범주 및 일반 요구 사항 등을 포함하여 화재 안전을 종합적으로 다루고 있습니다. 이 문서는 유럽 연합 내에서 철도 차량에 대한 화재 안전 기준을 일관되게 적용할 수 있도록 하는 데 중요한 역할을 하며, 화물 운송 차량에 대한 내용은 포함되지 않으므로 전적으로 승객과 직원의 보호에 집중하는 점이 돋보입니다. EN 45545는 철도 응용 분야에서 화재 보호의 필수적인 기초를 제공하며, 이를 통해 보다 안전한 철도 서비스를 제공할 수 있습니다.
La norme SIST EN 45545-1:2013 traite des applications ferroviaires et des mesures de protection contre les incendies dans les véhicules ferroviaires. Elle établit des exigences claires et des mesures spécifiques destinées à protéger les passagers et le personnel en cas d'incendie à bord. Cette norme est essentielle pour garantir la sécurité des usagers des transports ferroviaires. Un des principaux points forts de cette norme réside dans son champ d'application détaillé. Elle inclut des mesures de protection incendie adaptées aux véhicules ferroviaires, qu'il s'agisse de la prévention des incendies dus à des défauts techniques ou à la conception des équipements (comme évoqué dans les parties 1, 4, 5 et 7). De plus, elle aborde la minimisation des risques d'inflammation des matériaux en raison d'accidents ou de vandalisme, ce qui témoigne d'une approche proactive face aux différents scénarios d'incendie. La norme SIST EN 45545-1:2013 se distingue aussi par ses méthodes de vérification. En fournissant des moyens d'évaluation de la conformité, elle assure que les mesures de sécurité mises en place sont efficaces et conformes aux exigences établies. Cela apporte une valeur ajoutée aux exploitants de chemins de fer qui doivent garantir la sécurité de leurs services. L'importance de la détection et de la gestion des incendies, comme décrit dans cette norme, ne doit pas être sous-estimée. Avec des recommandations pour la détection des incendies et des systèmes d'extinction, ainsi que des procédures d'évacuation claires, la norme vise à réduire les effets des incendies, tels que la chaleur, la fumée et les gaz toxiques sur les occupants. Enfin, bien que la norme exclue explicitement les véhicules de transport de fret, son intégration dans la conception des véhicules en rapport avec l'infrastructure ferroviaire en fait un document de référence incontournable dans la sécurisation des opérations ferroviaires. En résumé, la norme SIST EN 45545-1:2013 représente une avancée significative en matière de sécurité incendie dans les applications ferroviaires, garantissant ainsi la protection des passagers et du personnel tout en établissant des principes de conception rigoureux.
The standard EN 45545-1:2013 serves a crucial role in enhancing fire protection on railway vehicles, emphasizing the safety of passengers and staff during fire incidents. This standard delineates comprehensive fire protection measures that address both prevention and response strategies within railway vehicle design and operation. A significant strength of EN 45545-1 is its methodical approach to fire safety, which includes establishing verification methods for the specified fire protection measures. This thoroughness in assessment ensures that railway vehicles meet established safety criteria, thus protecting passengers and staff effectively in emergency situations. The scope of EN 45545-1 outlines essential fire protection measures, focusing on preventing ignition sources stemming from technical faults and equipment design flaws. By addressing these potential risks, the standard plays a pivotal role in promoting safe railway traveling environments. Additionally, the provisions for fire detection, containment, and mitigation of fire effects-such as heat, smoke, and toxic gases-demonstrate the standard's comprehensive outlook on fire safety. Moreover, EN 45545-1 sets operational and design categories that tailor fire safety measures to the specific contexts of operation for various types of railway vehicles. This targeted approach ensures that the fire safety objectives are aligned with the practicalities of each vehicle type. Despite its extensive coverage, it is important to note that EN 45545-1 does not encompass freight transportation vehicles, which streamlines the focus of fire safety requirements strictly towards passenger and staff protection. This specificity strengthens the relevance of the standard in ensuring effective fire safety in public transport settings. In summary, the EN 45545-1:2013 standard stands out as a robust framework for fire protection in railway vehicles. Its strength lies in the thorough delineation of fire safety measures, verification methods, and targeted operational guidelines, ensuring effective safety management for both passengers and staff in case of fire emergencies.
EN 45545-1:2013は、鉄道車両における火災防護のための包括的な基準を提供しており、その範囲は非常に重要です。この基準は、乗客や乗務員が火災発生時に安全に避難できることを目的としており、火災発生のリスクを最小限に抑えるための具体的な措置が定められています。 この標準の強みは、技術的欠陥や設備の設計、車両のレイアウトによる火災の発生を防ぐための対策を示しており、特に部品の定義や運用カテゴリ、設計カテゴリが明確にされている点です。これにより、企業は設計段階から効果的な防火対策を講じることが可能になります。 また、EN 45545は材料の燃焼特性に基づいた火災の拡大を制限する方法を提示しており、火災が発生した場合の熱、煙、毒性ガスの影響を最小限に抑えるための材料の仕様にも言及しています。これらの要素は、乗客や乗務員の安全を最優先に考慮して設計されており、特に火災検出、抑制、緊急シャットダウンの管理方法が詳しく説明されています。 この標準は鉄道車両に関するものであり、貨物運送車両には適用されないため、内燃機関や電車、さらに新たな技術を導入した車両も含まれます。基準の策定に際しては、乗客とスタッフの保護が最も重要視されており、車両の設計が運行するインフラストラクチャーとの調和を保ちながら進められています。総じて、EN 45545-1:2013は、鉄道業界における火災防護の重要な指針として、その関連性と実用性が際立っています。
Die Norm EN 45545-1:2013 im Bereich der Eisenbahnanwendungen stellt einen wesentlichen Bestandteil der Brandschutzmaßnahmen für Schienenfahrzeuge dar. Sie dient dem Schutz von Passagieren und Personal in Eisenbahnfahrzeugen im Falle eines Brandes und definiert umfassende Maßnahmen und Anforderungen, die in der Fahrzeuggestaltung und -betrieb zu berücksichtigen sind. Ein herausragendes Merkmal dieser Norm ist der umfassende Ansatz, der sowohl präventive als auch reaktive Maßnahmen umfasst. Dies umfasst Mechanismen zur Verhinderung von Bränden, die durch technische Mängel, das Design von Anlagen oder die Anordnung der Fahrzeuge entstehen können. Die Norm legt auch großen Wert auf die Minimierung der Zündmöglichkeiten von Materialien und der Erkennung von Bränden. Im Speziellen benannte Teile der Norm behandeln die Brandverhütung, die Branddetektion sowie eine systematische Brandbekämpfung, was die Sicherheit der Nutzer signifikant erhöht. Ein weiterer wesentlicher Aspekt von EN 45545-1:2013 ist die spezifische Klassifizierung von Materialien und deren Verwendung gemäß den operativen Kategorien, um die Ausbreitung von Feuer zu begrenzen und die Auswirkungen von Hitze, Rauch und toxischen Gasen auf die Passagiere zu minimieren. Dies trägt nicht nur zur Gewährleistung der Sicherheit von Fahrgästen und Mitarbeitern bei, sondern ist auch ein wichtiger Bestandteil der rechtlichen Anforderungen für den Betrieb von Eisenbahnfahrzeugen. Die Relevanz dieser Norm erstreckt sich über die Grenzen der technischen Spezifikationen hinaus. EN 45545-1:2013 liefert entscheidende Grundlagen für die Planung und Auslegung sicherer Schienenfahrzeuge, indem sie sicherstellt, dass sowohl alltägliche Sicherheitsaspekte als auch Notfallszenarien adäquat behandelt werden. Die genauen Anforderungen und Evaluierungsmethoden fördern die Einhaltung von Sicherheitsstandards und tragen dazu bei, dass alle Stakeholder von einer erhöhten Sicherheit profitieren. Zudem ist die Norm klar strukturiert, mit einem Fokus auf die Hauptdefinitionen, Betriebs- und Entwurfskategorien sowie die Festlegung von Brandschutz-Zielen und allgemeinen Anforderungen. Dies erleichtert die Anwendung und Umsetzung in der Praxis und macht sie zu einem unverzichtbaren Leitfaden für Hersteller und Betreiber von Schienenfahrzeugen. Insgesamt bietet die Norm EN 45545-1:2013 einen umfassenden Rahmen, der nicht nur den Schutz von Passagieren und Personal in den Vordergrund stellt, sondern auch die Rahmenbedingungen für eine nachhaltige Sicherheit im Schienenverkehr sichert.
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