Textiles - Knitted fabrics - Determination of stitch length and yarn linear density in weft knitted fabrics

This European Standard specifies test methods for the determination of stitch length and yarn linear density of a weft knitted fabric. They can be applied to warp knitted fabrics, if it is possible to de-knit the fabric.
The measurements will be applied to yarns from each knitting machine feeder and/or different patterning courses.
The results can be used for the analysis of fabric fault, e.g. barré analysis.

Textilien - Maschenwaren - Bestimmung der Maschenlänge und der längenbezogenen Garnfeinheit bei Gestricken

Diese Europäische Norm legt Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung der Maschenlänge und längenbezogenen
Garnfeinheit von Gestricken fest. Sofern es möglich ist, diese aufzuziehen, kann das Prüfverfahren auch für
Kettengewirke gelten.
Die Messungen sollen an Garnen von jedem Fadenführer und/oder unterschiedlich musternden Maschen-reihen
durchgeführt werden.
Die Ergebnisse können für die Untersuchung von Herstellungsfehlern, z. B. des Barré-Effekts (Querstreifig-keit),
genutzt werden.

Textiles - Étoffes à mailles - Détermination de la longueur de fil absorbée et de la masse linéique du fil dans les tricots à mailles cueillies

La présente Norme européenne spécifie les méthodes d'essai permettant de déterminer la longueur de fil absorbée et la masse linéique du fil d'un tricot à mailles cueillies. Ces méthodes peuvent être appliquées aux tricots à mailles jetées, s'il est possible de les détricoter.
Les mesurages des fils seront réalisés sur les fils provenant de chaque chute de tricotage et/ou des différentes rangées du motif.
Les résultats peuvent être utilisés pour l'analyse des défauts de l'étoffe (analyse des barrures, par exemple).

Tekstilije - Pletiva - Ugotavljanje dolžine petlje in dolžinske mase preje v kulirnih pletivih

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
17-Jan-2006
Withdrawal Date
30-Jul-2006
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
CEN/TC 248 - Textiles and textile products
Drafting Committee
CEN/TC 248/WG 12 - Physical testing of knitted fabrics and garments
Current Stage
9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
Start Date
20-Apr-2021
Completion Date
14-Apr-2025
Ref Project
SIST EN 14970:2006 - Textiles - Knitted fabrics - Determination of stitch length and yarn linear density in weft knitted fabrics

Overview

EN 14970:2006 is a CEN European Standard that specifies validated test methods for determining stitch length and yarn linear density in weft knitted fabrics (and in warp-knitted fabrics when de-knitting is possible). The standard defines sampling, apparatus, test atmospheres, measurement procedures (Method A - stitch length; Method B - linear density), calculation, and reporting requirements. Results can support fabric characterization and fault analysis such as barré analysis (course-wise striping).

Key topics and technical requirements

  • Scope: Applies to yarns from each knitting machine feeder and different patterning courses; useful for multi-feeder fabrics and defect zones.
  • Conditioning: Tests performed in the standard atmosphere per EN ISO 139.
  • Apparatus:
    • clamps and a graduated scale (1 mm divisions) for length measurement,
    • means to apply defined tension,
    • precision balance (accuracy 1 mg or better).
  • Method A - Stitch length:
    • Remove yarn over a defined number of stitch loops, measure under specified tension and calculate stitch length = mean yarn length / number of loops.
    • Minimum: 10 yarns per course type; each specimen must permit at least 250 mm yarn from the shortest course.
    • Tension guidance: 0.5 cN/tex ±0.1 for staple fibre yarns (excluding bare elastane), 2.0 cN/tex ±0.5 for filament yarns. Bare elastane is measured untensioned. If crimp remains, increase tension and report it.
    • Results expressed in millimetres per stitch (or alternatives such as length per 100 stitches).
  • Method B - Linear density:
    • Collect straightened yarns (minimum total 10 m per course), weigh and calculate linear density using the Tex system or agreed units.
  • Reporting: Reports must reference EN 14970, method used, sample reference, measurement tension, repeat numbers, mean stitch lengths per course, linear density (Method B), individual values (if required), and any deviations.

Applications and users

  • Quality control teams in knitting mills and textile finishing plants
  • Textile testing laboratories performing standardized characterisation
  • R&D and product development for knit structure optimization
  • Fault analysis / troubleshooting, e.g., detecting causes of barré or stripe defects
  • Raw material procurement to verify yarn consumption and consistency

Practical benefits include improved defect diagnosis, accurate yarn consumption estimation, and standardized data for process control and supplier communication.

Related standards

  • EN ISO 139 - Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
  • EN ISO 2060 - Linear density by skein method
  • EN ISO 4921 / EN ISO 8388 - Knitting vocabulary and types
  • ISO 1144 - Tex system (linear density)
  • ISO 5725-2 - Precision (repeatability & reproducibility)
  • ISO 8499 - Knitted fabrics defect vocabulary

Keywords: EN 14970, stitch length, linear density, weft knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics test method, barré analysis, Tex system.

Frequently Asked Questions

EN 14970:2006 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Textiles - Knitted fabrics - Determination of stitch length and yarn linear density in weft knitted fabrics". This standard covers: This European Standard specifies test methods for the determination of stitch length and yarn linear density of a weft knitted fabric. They can be applied to warp knitted fabrics, if it is possible to de-knit the fabric. The measurements will be applied to yarns from each knitting machine feeder and/or different patterning courses. The results can be used for the analysis of fabric fault, e.g. barré analysis.

This European Standard specifies test methods for the determination of stitch length and yarn linear density of a weft knitted fabric. They can be applied to warp knitted fabrics, if it is possible to de-knit the fabric. The measurements will be applied to yarns from each knitting machine feeder and/or different patterning courses. The results can be used for the analysis of fabric fault, e.g. barré analysis.

EN 14970:2006 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 59.080.30 - Textile fabrics. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

You can purchase EN 14970:2006 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of CEN standards.

Standards Content (Sample)


SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2006
Tekstilije - Pletiva - Ugotavljanje dolžine petlje in dolžinske mase preje v kulirnih
pletivih
Textiles - Knitted fabrics - Determination of stitch length and yarn linear density in weft
knitted fabrics
Textilien - Maschenwaren - Bestimmung der Maschenlänge und der längenbezogenen
Garnfeinheit bei Gestricken
Textiles - Étoffes a mailles - Détermination de la longueur de fil absorbée et de la masse
linéique du fil dans les tricots a mailles cueillies
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 14970:2006
ICS:
59.080.30 Tkanine Textile fabrics
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 14970
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
January 2006
ICS 59.080.30
English Version
Textiles - Knitted fabrics - Determination of stitch length and
yarn linear density in weft knitted fabrics
Textiles - Étoffes à mailles - Détermination de la longueur Textilien - Maschenwaren - Bestimmung der Maschenlänge
de fil absorbée et de la masse linéique du fil dans les und der längenbezogenen Garnfeinheit bei Gestricken
tricots à mailles cueillies
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 December 2005.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14970:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents
page
Foreword .3
Introduction.4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions.5
4 Apparatus .6
5 Conditioning and testing atmosphere.6
6 Method A: Stitch length.6
7 Method B: Linear density .8
8 Test report .8
Annex A (informative) Example of exploitation of the test method "barré analysis".9
Annex B (informative) Example of measurement on typical knitted fabrics.11
Annex C (informative) Statistical evaluation of the precision.12
Bibliography.13

Foreword
This European Standard (EN 14970:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 248 “Textiles and
textile products”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by July 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
July 2006.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
Kingdom.
Introduction
The stitch length and yarn linear density, as defined and determined within this European Standard is part of the
characterisation of a knitted fabric’s structure.
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies test methods for the determination of stitch length and yarn linear density of a
weft knitted fabric. They can be applied to warp knitted fabrics, if it is possible to de-knit the fabric.
The measurements will be applied to yarns from each knitting machine feeder and/or different patterning courses.
The results can be used for the analysis of fabric fault, e.g. barré analysis.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 139, Textiles — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing (ISO 139:2005)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
weft-knitted fabrics
generic name applied to knitted fabrics in which the stitches made by each weft thread are formed substantially
across the width of the fabric
NOTE Weft-knitted fabrics are characterised by the fact that each weft thread is fed at right angles to the direction in which
the fabric is produced.
3.2
warp-knitted fabrics
generic name applied to knitted fabrics in which the stitches made from each warp thread are formed substantially
along the length of the fabric
NOTE Warp knitted fabrics are characterised by the fact that each warp thread is fed more or less in line with the direction
in which the fabric is produced.
3.3
stitch loop
basic unit of most knitted fabrics consisting of a loop meshed at its base with a previously formed loop
3.4
stitch length
length of yarn knitted into one stitch in a weft-knitted or in a warp-knitted fabric
3.5
linear density
mass per unit length of linear textile materials
3.6
course
row of stitches across the width of a weft-knitted or of a warp-knitted fabric
3.7
wale
column of stitches along the length of a weft-knitted or of a warp-knitted fabric
3.8
rack length
480 courses of warp knitted fabric
3.9
barré
stripiness (weft knitting)
fault in weft-knitted fabric (usually knitted on multi-feeder machine) appearing as light or dark course-wise stripe(s).
In warp-knitted fabric the same fault may occur in the vertical direction
4 Apparatus
4.1 Length measurement apparatus
The apparatus for the length measurement of the yarn shall contain the following:
 clamps for firmly securing the yarn ends;
 the means of application of tension to the yarn being measured by the moving of one of the clamps;
 a graduated measuring scale having 1 mm division positioned such that the length of yarn secured within the
clamps is included in the total length measurement.
4.2 Balance, accurate to 1 mg or better.
5 Conditioning and testing atmosphere
The standard temperate atmosphere for preconditioning, conditioning and testing textiles as specified in
EN ISO 139 shall be used.
6 Method A: Stitch lengt
...

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La norme EN 14970:2006 se concentre sur les textiles, en particulier sur les tissus tricotés, en définissant des méthodes d'essai pour déterminer la longueur de point et la densité linéaire du fil dans les tissus tricotés à weft. Sa portée est clairement établie, permettant non seulement d'évaluer des tissus tricotés à weft, mais également des tissus tricotés à warp, sous réserve que le dé-tricotage soit réalisable. Cette flexibilité élargit l'application de la norme au sein de l'industrie textile. Les points forts de la norme incluent des mesures précises effectuées sur les fils de chaque alimentation de machine à tricoter et/ou sur différents motifs de courses, garantissant ainsi une analyse approfondie de chaque lot de tissu. Cela est particulièrement pertinent pour les fabricants qui cherchent à maintenir des standards de qualité élevés et à minimiser les défauts de tissu, comme ceux identifiés par l’analyse de barré. La norme EN 14970:2006 est non seulement pertinente pour les producteurs de tissus, mais elle sert également de référence pour les laboratoires d’essai et les instituts de recherche qui s'attaquent à la qualité et à la performance des textiles. En facilitant une approche standardisée pour évaluer la longueur de point et la densité du fil, cette norme contribue à une meilleure compréhension des produits textiles, ce qui est essentiel dans un marché où la compétitivité et l’innovation sont primordiales. En somme, la norme EN 14970:2006 constitue un outil indispensable pour l'analyse et le contrôle qualité des tissus tricotés, établissant des critères clairs et mesurables qui encouragent les bonnes pratiques au sein de l'industrie textile.

標準文書「SIST EN 14970:2006」は、編み物繊維の分野において重要な役割を果たす規格です。この規格は、ウェフト編み生地におけるステッチ長および糸の線密度を測定するための試験方法を明確に定義しています。特に、さまざまなパターンコースや編み機フィーダーからの糸に対して適用できるため、実用性が極めて高いです。 この標準の強みは、比較的簡単に織物の目に見えない欠陥を分析できる点です。具体的には、バレ分析などの手法を使って、製品の品質を向上させるための具体的なデータが得られます。結果として、製造業者は生地の特性を正確に把握し、より高品質な製品を提供するための基盤を築くことができます。 また、EN 14970:2006は、ワープ編み生地にも適用可能であり、デニットが可能な場合には特に有用です。この点において、製品開発や試験プロセスの柔軟性を高める要素となっています。さらに、異なる編み機やパターンに対する適用範囲が広いため、業界全体での標準化が促進されることが期待されます。 このように、「SIST EN 14970:2006」は編み物繊維に関連する試験方法を体系的に整理し、実際の使用においてもその有用性を発揮する規格であることが評価されます。

Die Norm EN 14970:2006 bietet eine detaillierte Vorgehensweise zur Bestimmung der Stichlänge und der Fadenlängendichte in Maschenwaren, insbesondere bei einem Flachstrickgewebe. Der Anwendungsbereich dieser europäischen Norm ist klar definiert und umfasst die Testmethoden, die notwendig sind, um präzise Messungen durchzuführen, die in der Textilindustrie von großer Bedeutung sind, um die Qualität und Konsistenz von gestrickten Stoffen sicherzustellen. Ein herausragendes Merkmal der EN 14970:2006 ist ihre Flexibilität, da die Methoden auch auf Kettenstrickstoffe angewendet werden können, sofern es möglich ist, das Material zu entstricken. Diese Eigenschaft erweitert den Anwendungsbereich erheblich und ermöglicht es Herstellern, eine Vielzahl von gestrickten Materialien zu analysieren. Dies ist besonders wichtig in einem Markt, der zunehmend auf Qualität und Detailgenauigkeit angewiesen ist. Die Norm legt außerdem fest, dass die Messungen sowohl für Garne von jedem Fadenführungsgerät der Strickmaschine als auch für unterschiedliche Musterungsreihen durchgeführt werden. Dies gewährleistet eine umfassende Analyse der verwendeten Materialien und ermöglicht tiefere Einblicke in die Herstellungsprozesse. Die Ergebnisse der Tests können genutzt werden, um Stofffehler zu analysieren, wie zum Beispiel bei der Barré-Analyse, wodurch Probleme frühzeitig identifiziert und behoben werden können. Zusammenfassend ist die EN 14970:2006 eine wesentliche Norm in der Textilindustrie, die effektive und standardisierte Methoden zur Bewertung von gestrickten Stoffen bereitstellt. Ihre Stärken liegen in der umfassenden Anwendbarkeit, der Flexibilität der Methodik und der spezifischen Ausrichtung auf die Qualitätskontrolle von Strickwaren.

SIST EN 14970:2006 문서는 편직 원단의 스티치 길이 및 실의 선형 밀도를 결정하기 위한 시험 방법을 규정하고 있습니다. 이 유럽 표준의 범위는 가로 편직 원단에 적용되지만, 필요할 경우 세로 편직 원단에도 적용할 수 있도록 허용하고 있어 유연성을 제공합니다. 표준의 강점 중 하나는 각 편직 기계의 공급기에서 추출된 실과 다양한 패턴 코스에서 이루어진 측정을 기반으로 한다는 점입니다. 이러한 접근은 테스트의 신뢰성과 정확성을 높이며, 원단의 결함 분석, 예를 들어 바레 분석을 위한 결과를 제공합니다. 이 표준은 텍스타일 산업에서 편직 원단의 품질 관리 및 생산 공정 개선에 매우 중요한 역할을 하며, 원단의 구성과 특성을 평가하는 데 필수적인 기준을 제공합니다. 따라서 EN 14970:2006은 관련 분야의 전문가들에게 실용적이고 필요 불가결한 문서로 자리 잡고 있습니다.

The standard EN 14970:2006 provides a comprehensive framework for the determination of stitch length and yarn linear density in weft knitted fabrics, demonstrating its relevance in the textile industry. Its scope explicitly outlines the applicability of the test methods not only to weft knitted fabrics but also to warp knitted fabrics when feasible de-knitting is possible. This indicates the standard's versatility in various fabric types, making it a valuable resource for textile manufacturers and quality control personnel. One of the strengths of this standard lies in its detailed methodology for measuring stitch length and yarn linear density. By allowing measurements from each knitting machine feeder and different patterning courses, EN 14970:2006 ensures precise and consistent results. This high level of detail contributes to the effectiveness of fabric fault analysis, such as barré analysis, which is critical for maintaining quality and consistency in textile production. The standard's emphasis on accurate measurement is particularly important in today's competitive textile market, where quality assurance plays a vital role in consumer satisfaction and brand reputation. The ability to analyze and address fabric faults through the defined methodologies enhances the overall integrity of knitted fabrics. In summary, EN 14970:2006 serves as a pivotal standard that not only aids in quality control but also promotes continuous improvement in textile manufacturing processes. Its strengths lie in the clarity of its test methods and its applicability across different fabric types, establishing it as an essential guideline for professionals in the textile industry.