EN 14176:2017

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2017
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Foodstuffs - Determination of domoic acid in raw shellfish, raw finfish and cooked
mussels by RP-HPLC using UV detection
Lebensmittel - Bestimmung von Domoinsäure in rohen Schalentieren, rohen Fischen und
gekochten Miesmuscheln mit RP-HPLC und UV-Detektion
Produits alimentaires - Dosage de l’acide domoïque dans les coquillages crus, les
poissons crus et les moules cuites par CLHP en phase inverse couplée à la détection UV
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 14176:2017
ICS:
67.120.30 Ribe in ribji proizvodi Fish and fishery products
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 14176
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
January 2017
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 67.120.30 Supersedes EN 14176:2003
English Version
Foodstuffs - Determination of domoic acid in raw shellfish,
raw finfish and cooked mussels by RP-HPLC using UV
detection
Produits alimentaires - Dosage de l'acide domoïque Lebensmittel - Bestimmung von Domoinsäure in rohen
dans les coquillages crus, les poissons crus et les Schalentieren, rohen Fischen und gekochten
moules cuites par CLHP en phase inverse couplée à la Miesmuscheln mit RP-HPLC und UV-Detektion
détection UV
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 November 2016.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14176:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Principle . 5
4 Reagents . 5
5 Apparatus . 7
6 Procedure. 8
7 Evaluation of results . 11
8 Precision . 11
9 Test report . 12
Annex A (informative) Precision data . 13
A.1 Precision data for Method A using isocratic elution. 13
A.2 Precision data for Method B using gradient elution . 14
A.3 Precision data from EURLMB Proficiency Testing Schemes . 15
Annex B (informative) Typical chromatogram . 16
Figure B.1 — Typical chromatogram of MUS1b reference material . 16

Bibliography . 17
European foreword
This document (EN 14176:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 275 “Food
analysis - Horizontal methods”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by July 2017.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 14176:2003.
— the extraction procedure in 6.2 has been revised;
— the chromatographic conditions in 6.3 have been revised;
— the method has been re-validated, and the validation data in Annex A have been revised.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
The amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) toxin, domoic acid (DA), belongs to a group of amino acids, called
the kainoids, which are classed as neuroexcitants or excitoxins that interfere with the
neurotransmission mechanisms in the brain. The toxin can be accumulated in shellfish feeding on a
number of toxic Pseudonitzschia species. Ingestion of seafood contaminated with DA can lead to an
intoxication which symptoms include (among others) abdominal cramps, vomiting, disorientation and
memory loss (amnesia) and can become severe in certain cases.
High performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) was the first chemical
analytical method for DA and is still the most commonly used for monitoring shellfish. DA detection is
possible by its strong absorbance at 242 nm [1].
This European Standard is based on two, comparable procedures. One procedure for the quantitative
determination of DA and its isomers e.g. epi-domoic acid (epi-DA) in unsalted raw seafood (Method A)
is described in [2]. The other procedure for the quantitative determination of DA and its isomers e.g.
epi-DA in cooked mussel (Method B) is described in [3].
Method A uses a single-step extraction with 50 % aqueous methanol and an optional selective clean-up
and concentration step with strong anion exchange solid phase extraction (SPE). Taking into account
results of the validation procedure, the optional clean-up step of Method A as published under [2] is not
described in this standard. Analytes are determined by high performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC) under isocratic conditions with ultraviolet absorbance detection.
Method B uses a single-step extraction with 50 % aqueous methanol and an optional heating step which
allows a better decanting of the supernatant. However, it has been observed that heating can degrade
DA and epi-DA. DA and epi-DA are determined by HPLC with binary gradient and ultraviolet absorbance
detection.
Both methods can be applied for the quantitative determination of DA.
WARNING — The use of this standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This
standard does not purport to address all the safety problems associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health
of personnel prior to application of the standard, and fulfil statutory and regulatory requirements for
this purpose.
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies methods for the quantitative determination of domoic acid in raw
bivalve molluscs and finfish as well as in cooked mussels. The limit of detection is about 10 ng/ml to
80 ng/ml (0,05 mg/kg to 0,4 mg/kg), depending on the UV detector sensitivity. Method A has been
validated for the determination of DA in different raw matrices such as mussels, clams, scallops and
anchovies, spiked and/or naturally contaminated at levels ranging from 2,7 mg/kg to 85,1 mg/kg.
Method B has been validated for the determination of DA at levels ranging from 5 mg/kg to 12,9 mg/kg
in cooked blue mussels.
For further information on validation data, see Clause 8 and Annex A.
Laboratory experience has shown that this standard can also be applied to other shellfish species,
however, no complete validation study according to ISO 5725 has been carried out so far.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods (ISO 3696)
3 Principle
DA and epi-DA are extracted from sample tissue with a mixture of methanol and water. The extract is
filtered through a membrane filter and measured using HPLC equipment with isocratic (Method A) or
gradient (Method B) elution and detection by UV absorption. The amount of DA is calculated by the
method of external standard calibration.
WARNING — ASP toxins are neurotoxins which can be taken up by inhalation or orally. Therefore,
adequate protection measures are to be applied.
4 Reagents
During the analysis, unless otherwise stated, use only water according to grade 1 of EN ISO 3696.
If not otherwise indicated, all chemicals shall be of pro analysis (p. a.) quality.
Reference materials (certified, if available) and standard substances originating from other sources as
indicated may also be used if well-characterized and with a well-defined mass concentration.
If not already specified, stability of solutions should be determined by the laboratory.
4.1 Methanol, HPLC quality
4.2 Acetonitrile, HPLC quality
4.3 Extraction solvent, methanol/water 50:50 v/v
4.4 Acetonitrile/water, 10:90 v/v (Method A)
4.5 Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), spectrophotometric grade ≥ 99 % (Method A)
4.6 Formic acid, mass concentration ≥ 98 % (Method B)
4.7 Eluents
4.7.1 Eluent 1 (isocratic conditions)
Aqueous 10 % v/v acetonitrile (4.4) with 0,1 % v/v TFA (4.5). For single pump systems, mix 100 ml
acetonitrile with approximately 400 ml water, add 1,0 ml TFA, and dilute to 1 l with water.
4.7.2 Eluent 2 (gradient conditions)
Mix 100 ml acetonitrile (4.2) with 900 ml water and adjust pH to 2,5 using formic acid (4.6).
4.7.3 Eluent 3 (gradient conditions)
Mix 300 ml acetonitrile (4.2) with 700 ml water and adjust pH to 2,5 using formic acid (4.6).
4.8 Standard substances
1)
4.8.1 Domoic acid as certified calibration solution
Sealed ampoules should be stored in the dark in a refrigerator (at approximately +4 °C). Do not freeze
the solution. Prior to opening, each ampoule should be at room temperature. Once the ampoule has
been opened, accurate aliquots should be removed using calibrated volumetric equipment and
transferred to other amber glass vial for dilution and/or analysis as soon as possible. Closed vials
should be stored in the dark in a refrigerator (at approximately +4 °C) for no more than 3 months.
NOTE Epi-DA is contained as a minor component in the certified calibration solution from the Institute for
1)
Marine Biosciences, National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, Nova Scotia-Canada
4.8.2 Domoic acid, as crystalline powder, purity of > 95 %
4.9 Standard solutions
4.9.1 General
Either use commercially available certified calibration solutions (4.8.1) or prepare calibration solutions
by dissolving crystalline DA powder (4.8.2) and subsequently dilute. Both procedures have been proven
to lead to successful validation data.
4.9.2 Stock solution
Weigh (5.1) DA crystalline powder (4.8.2) into a volumetric flask and dissolve in methanol to a final
concentration of 500 µg/ml. Closed vials should be stored in the dark in a refrigerator (at approximately
+4 °C).
4.9.3 Standard solution
Dilute the stock solution (4.9.2) w
...