EN ISO 6385:2016
(Main)Ergonomics principles in the design of work systems (ISO 6385:2016)
Ergonomics principles in the design of work systems (ISO 6385:2016)
ISO 6385:2016 establishes the fundamental principles of ergonomics as basic guidelines for the design of work systems and defines relevant basic terms. It describes an integrated approach to the design of work systems, where ergonomists will cooperate with others involved in the design, with attention to the human, the social and the technical requirements in a balanced manner during the design process.
Users of this International Standard will include executives, managers, workers (and their representatives, when appropriate) and professionals, such as ergonomists, project managers and designers who are involved in the design or redesign of work systems. Those who use this International Standard can find a general knowledge of ergonomics (human factors), engineering, design, quality and project management helpful.
The term "work system" in this International Standard is used to indicate a large variety of working situations, including permanent and flexible work places. The intention of this International Standard is to assist in the improvement, (re)design or change of work systems. Work systems involve combinations of workers and equipment, within a given space and environment, and the interactions between these components within a work organization. Work systems vary in complexity and characteristics, for example, the use of temporary work systems. Some examples of work systems in different areas are the following:
- production, e.g. machine operator and machine, worker and assembly line;
- transportation, e.g. driver and car or lorry, personnel in an airport;
- support, e.g. maintenance technician with work equipment;
- commercial, e.g. office worker with workstation, mobile worker with a tablet computer, cook in a restaurant kitchen;
- other areas like health care, teaching and training.
The observance of ergonomic principles applies to all phases throughout the life cycle of the work system from conception through development, realization and implementation, utilization, maintenance and support to decommissioning.
The systems approach in this International Standard gives guidance to the users of this International Standard in existing and new situations.
The definitions and ergonomic principles specified in this International Standard apply to the design of optimal working conditions with regard to human well-being, safety and health, including the development of existing skills and the acquisition of new ones, while taking into account technological and economic effectiveness and efficiency.
The principles in this International Standard are applicable to many other human activities, e.g. in the design of products for domestic and leisure activities. A more general description of the principles in this International Standard can be found in ISO 26800.
Grundsätze der Ergonomie für die Gestaltung von Arbeitssystemen (ISO 6385:2016)
Diese Internationale Norm legt Grundsätze der Ergonomie in Form von grundlegenden Leitlinien zur Gestaltung von Arbeitssystemen fest und definiert die relevanten grundsätzlichen Begriffe. Sie beschreibt einen integrierten Ansatz für die Gestaltung von Arbeitssystemen, bei dem Arbeitswissenschaftler mit anderen, die an der Gestaltung beteiligt sind, zusammenarbeiten und während des Gestaltungsprozesses die menschlichen, sozialen und technischen Anforderungen ausgewogen beachten.
Zu den Anwendern dieser Internationalen Norm werden Geschäftsführer, Führungskräfte, Arbeitende (und, falls zutreffend, deren Vertreter) und Fachleute wie Arbeitswissenschaftler, Projektleiter und Entwickler gehören, die an der Gestaltung oder Umgestaltung von Arbeitssystemen mitarbeiten. Für die Anwender dieser Internationalen Norm können allgemeine Kenntnisse der Ergonomie (der Arbeitswissenschaft), der Technik und der Gestaltung sowie des Qualitäts- und Projektmanagements hilfreich sein.
Der Begriff „Arbeitssystem“ wird in dieser Internationalen Norm zur Beschreibung einer Vielzahl von Arbeits-situationen einschließlich fester als auch flexibler Arbeitsplätze verwendet. Zielrichtung dieser Internationalen Norm ist es, bei der Verbesserung, Gestaltung/Umgestaltung oder der Veränderung von Arbeitssystemen zu helfen. Arbeitssysteme beinhalten das Zusammenwirken von Arbeitenden und Arbeitsmitteln innerhalb eines bestimmten Raumes und einer bestimmten Umgebung, und das Zusammenwirken dieser Komponenten innerhalb einer Arbeitsorganisation. Die Komplexität und Eigenschaften von Arbeitssystemen sind unterschiedlich, zum Beispiel bei der Anwendung von temporären Arbeitssystemen. Einige Beispiele von Arbeitssystemen in verschiedenen Bereichen sind die Folgenden:
Produktion, z. B. Maschinenbediener und Maschine, Arbeitender und Montageband;
Transportwesen, z. B. Fahrer und Auto oder Lastkraftwagen, Personal in einem Flughafen;
Unterstützung, z. B. Instandhaltungstechniker mit Arbeitsmittel;
Handel, z. B. Bürokraft mit Computerarbeitsplatz, mobil Arbeitender mit Tablet Computer, Koch in einer Restaurantküche;
andere Bereiche, wie Gesundheitswesen, Lehre und Training.
Die Beachtung von ergonomischen Grundsätzen betrifft den gesamten Lebenszyklus des Arbeitssystems, von Konzeption über Entwicklung, Umsetzung und Einführung, Nutzung, Instandhaltung und Nutzerunterstützung bis zur Außerbetriebnahme.
Mit ihrem systembezogenen Ansatz unterstützt diese Internationale Norm Anwender dieser Internationalen Norm sowohl in bestehenden als auch in neuen Situationen.
Die in dieser Internationalen Norm festgelegten Begriffe und ergonomischen Grundsätze gelten für die Gestaltung optimaler Arbeitsbedingungen hinsichtlich des Wohlbefindens, der Sicherheit und der Gesundheit von Menschen einschließlich der Weiterentwicklung bestehender und dem Erwerb neuer Fertigkeiten, während gleichzeitig die technische und ökonomische Effektivität und Effizienz berücksichtigen werden.
Die Grundsätze in dieser Internationalen Norm sind anwendbar auf viele andere menschliche Tätigkeiten wie z. B. die Gestaltung von Produkten für Haushalts- und Freizeittätigkeiten. Eine allgemeinere Beschreibung der Grundsätze in dieser Internationalen Norm findet sich in ISO 26800.
ANMERKUNG 1 Diese Internationale Norm ist als ergonomische Grundlagennorm für Arbeitssysteme anzusehen, von der viele andere Normen zu spezifischen Themen abgeleitet werden.
ANMERKUNG 2 Auch wenn Elemente des Systems identisch sein können, ist diese Internationale Norm nicht für die Anwendung bei Systemen vorgesehen, die keinen Arbeitskontext haben (z. B. die Nutzung eines Fahrzeuges für Privatzwecke).
Principes ergonomiques de la conception des systèmes de travail (ISO 6385:2016)
ISO 6385:2016 établit les principes ergonomiques fondamentaux comme lignes directrices de base pour la conception des systèmes de travail, et définit les termes de base correspondants. Elle décrit une approche intégrée de la conception des systèmes de travail, selon laquelle les ergonomes coopèrent avec d'autres personnes impliquées dans la conception, en prenant en considération les exigences humaines, sociales et techniques, de façon équilibrée, durant le processus de conception.
Les utilisateurs de la présente Norme internationale incluent les dirigeants, les travailleurs (et leurs représentants, le cas échéant) et les professionnels tels que les ergonomes, les chefs de projet et les concepteurs impliqués dans le processus de conception ou de correction des systèmes de travail. Les utilisateurs peuvent trouver dans la présente Norme internationale des connaissances générales en ergonomie (facteurs humains), ingénierie, conception, qualité et gestion de projet.
Dans l'ISO 6385:2016, le terme «système de travail» fait référence à une grande variété de situations de travail, incluant les lieux de travail permanents et flexibles. L'objectif de la présente Norme internationale est d'aider à améliorer, (re)concevoir ou modifier les systèmes de travail. Les systèmes de travail impliquent des combinaisons de travailleurs et d'équipements, au sein d'un espace et d'un environnement donnés, ainsi que les interactions entre ces composantes au sein d'une organisation de travail. La complexité et les caractéristiques des systèmes de travail sont variables, par exemple l'utilisation de systèmes de travail temporaires. Voici quelques exemples de systèmes de travail dans différents domaines:
- production, par exemple opérateur et machine, travailleur et chaîne de montage;
- transport, par exemple conducteur et voiture ou camion, personnel dans un aéroport;
- assistance, par exemple technicien de maintenance avec son équipement de travail;
- commercial, par exemple employé de bureau avec station de travail, travailleur mobile avec sa tablette, cuisinier dans la cuisine d'un restaurant;
- et d'autres domaines tels que les soins de santé, l'enseignement et la formation.
Le respect des principes ergonomiques s'applique à toutes les phases du cycle de vie du système de travail, de la conception jusqu'à la mise hors service, en passant par le développement, la réalisation et la mise en application, l'utilisation, la maintenance et l'assistance.
L'approche système incluse dans la présente Norme internationale fournit aux utilisateurs de la présente Norme internationale des principes directeurs dans le cadre de situations existantes ou nouvelles.
Les définitions et principes ergonomiques spécifiés dans la présente Norme internationale s'appliquent à la conception de conditions de travail optimales quant à la sécurité, à la santé et au bien-être humain, y compris le développement de compétences existantes et l'acquisition de nouvelles, tout en tenant compte de l'efficience et de l'efficacité technologique et économique.
Les principes de la présente Norme internationale sont applicables à un grand nombre d'autres activités humaines, par exemple dans la conception de produits pour des activités domestiques ou de loisirs. Une description plus générale des principes de la présente Norme internationale est donnée dans l'ISO 26800.
Ergonomska načela za načrtovanje delovnih sistemov (ISO 6385:2016)
Ta mednarodni standard vzpostavlja temeljna načela ergonomije kot osnovne smernice za načrtovanje delovnih sistemov in opredeljuje ustrezne osnovne pojme. Opisuje celosten pristop k načrtovanju delovnih sistemov, kjer ergonomi sodelujejo z drugimi osebami, ki so vključene v načrtovanje proizvoda, pri čemer se med postopkom načrtovanja enakomerno osredotočajo na človeške, družbene in tehnične zahteve.
Med uporabnike tega mednarodnega standarda spadajo vodstveni kadri, direktorji, delavci (in njihovi predstavniki, kadar je to primerno) in strokovnjaki, kot so ergonomi, vodje projektov in
oblikovalci, ki so vključeni v načrtovanje ali preoblikovanje delovnih sistemov. Osebam, ki uporabljajo ta mednarodni standard, lahko koristi splošno znanje o ergonomiji (človeški dejavniki), inženirstvu, oblikovanju, zagotavljanju kakovosti in vodenju projektov.
Izraz „delovni sistem“ se v tem mednarodnem standardu uporablja za številne delovne
situacije, vključno s stalnimi in fleksibilnimi delovnimi mesti. Cilj tega mednarodnega standarda je pomoč pri izboljšanju, (ponovnem) načrtovanju ali spremembi delovnih sistemov. Delovni sistemi vključujejo kombinacije delavcev in opreme v okviru določenega prostora in okolja ter interakcije med temi elementi znotraj delovne organizacije. Delovni sistemi se razlikujejo po kompleksnosti in lastnostih, npr. uporabi začasni delovnih sistemov. Primeri delovnih sistemov na različnih področjih so:
– proizvodnja, npr. upravljavec stroja in stroj, delavec in tekoči trak;
– transport, npr. voznik in avtomobil ali tovornjak, letališko osebje;
– podpora, npr. tehnik za vzdrževanje in delovna oprema;
– poslovanje, npr. pisarniški delavec z delovno postajo, delavec na poti s tabličnim računalnikom, kuhar v
kuhinji restavracije;
– druga področja kot je zdravstvena oskrba, izobraževanje in usposabljanje.
Upoštevanje ergonomskih načel velja za vse faze skozi celoten življenjski cikel delovnega sistema od načrtovanja prek razvoja, realizacije, uvedbe, uporabe, vzdrževanja in podpore do izločitve iz uporabe.
Pristop do sistemov v tem mednarodnem standardu podaja smernice uporabnikom tega standarda v obstoječih in novih situacijah.
Opredelitve in ergonomska načela, ki so navedena v tem mednarodnem standardu, se uporabljajo za zagotavljanje optimalnih delovnih pogojev v povezavi s človekovim dobrim počutjem, varnostjo in zdravjem, vključno z razvojem obstoječih in pridobivanjem novih veščin, pri čemer upoštevajo tehnološko in ekonomsko učinkovitost ter uspešnost.
Načela v tem mednarodnem standardu se uporabljajo za številne druge človeške dejavnosti, npr. pri zasnovi izdelkov za gospodinjske dejavnosti in dejavnosti v prostem času. Splošnejši opis načel, navedenih v tem mednarodnem standardu, je mogoče najti v standardu ISO 26800.
OPOMBA 1: ta mednarodni standard se obravnava kot ključni ergonomski standard za delovne sisteme, iz katerega so izpeljani številni drugi standardi, ki obravnavajo posebna vprašanja.
Opomba 2: ta mednarodni standard ni namenjen uporabi za sisteme, ki se uporabljajo izven delovnega konteksta (npr. uporaba vozila za osebne namene), čeprav so lahko elementi sistema enaki.
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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2017
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 6385:2004
(UJRQRPVNDQDþHOD]DQDþUWRYDQMHGHORYQLKVLVWHPRY ,62
Ergonomics principles in the design of work systems (ISO 6385:2016)
Grundsätze der Ergonomie für die Gestaltung von Arbeitssystemen (ISO 6385:2016)
Principes ergonomiques de la conception des systèmes de travail (ISO 6385:2016)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 6385:2016
ICS:
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 6385
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2016
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.180 Supersedes EN ISO 6385:2004
English Version
Ergonomics principles in the design of work systems (ISO
6385:2016)
Principes ergonomiques de la conception des systèmes Grundsätze der Ergonomie für die Gestaltung von
de travail (ISO 6385:2016) Arbeitssystemen (ISO 6385:2016)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 July 2016.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
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United Kingdom.
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© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 6385:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 6385:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159
“Ergonomics” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” the secretariat of
which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by April 2017.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 6385:2004.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 6385:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 6385:2016 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 6385
Third edition
2016-09-15
Ergonomics principles in the design of
work systems
Principes ergonomiques de la conception des systèmes de travail
Reference number
ISO 6385:2016(E)
©
ISO 2016
ISO 6385:2016(E)
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
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ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
ISO 6385:2016(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Terms and definitions . 2
3 Designing work systems . 4
3.1 General principles . 4
3.2 Work system design process . 5
3.3 Formulation of goals (requirements analysis) . 6
3.4 Analysis and allocation of functions . 6
3.5 Design concept . 7
3.6 Detailed design (or development) . 7
3.6.1 General. 7
3.6.2 Design of work organization. 8
3.6.3 Design of work tasks . . . 8
3.6.4 Design of jobs . 9
3.6.5 Design of work environment . 9
3.6.6 Design of work equipment and interfaces .10
3.6.7 Design of workspace and workstation .10
3.7 Realization, implementation, adjustment, verification and validation .12
4 Evaluation and monitoring .12
4.1 General .12
4.2 Health and well-being .13
4.3 Safety .13
4.4 System performance .13
4.5 Usability .14
4.6 Cost-benefit .14
4.7 Conformance .14
Bibliography .15
ISO 6385:2016(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 1, General
ergonomic principles.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 6385:2004), which has been technically
revised with the following changes:
— terms were aligned with the terms given in ISO 26000;
— 3.2, 3.7 and Clause 4 have been technically revised;
— life cycle of a work system was introduced in 3.2;
— principle of adjustment was added to 3.7 and validation replaced by verification;
— new subclause on conformity was added to Clause 4;
— examples were added in several clauses.
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
ISO 6385:2016(E)
Introduction
Technological, economic, organizational and human factors affect the work behaviour and well-being of
people as part of a work system. Applying ergonomic knowledge in the light of practical experience in
the design of a work system is intended to satisfy human requirements.
This International Standard provides a basic ergonomic framework for professionals and other people
who deal with the issues of ergonomics, work systems and working situations. The provisions of this
International Standard will also apply to the design of products for use in work systems.
Following the principles and requirements described in this International Standard will support
management in making better decisions, for instance related to the sustainability of investments in
work system innovation.
In the design of work systems in accordance with this International Standard, the body of knowledge
in the field of ergonomics is taken into account. Ergonomic evaluations of existing or new work systems
will show the need for, and encourage attention to, the role of the worker within those systems.
ISO 26800 provides a general starting point for thought on ergonomics and de
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