EN ISO 13702:1999

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2000
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Control and migration of fires and
explosions on offshore production installations - Requirements and guidelines
(ISO 13702:1999)
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Control and migration of fires and explosions on
offshore production installations - Requirements and guidelines (ISO 13702:1999)
Erdöl und Erdgasindustrien - Überwachung und Eindämmung von Feuer und
Explosionen auf Offshore-Produktionsplattformen - Anforderungen und Richtlinien
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Contrôle et atténuation des feux et des
explosions dans les installations en mer - Exigences et lignes directrices (ISO
13702:1999)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 13702:1999
ICS:
13.220.01 Varstvo pred požarom na Protection against fire in
splošno general
75.180.10 Oprema za raziskovanje in Exploratory and extraction
odkopavanje equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13702
First edition
1999-03-15
Petroleum and natural gas industries —
Control and mitigation of fires and
explosions on offshore production
installations — Requirements and
guidelines
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Contrôle et atténuation des feux
et des explosions dans les installations en mer — Exigences et lignes
directrices
A
Reference number
ISO 13702:1999(E)
ISO 13702:1999(E)
Contents
1 Scope .1
2 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms .1
3 Objectives.6
4 Fire and explosion evaluation and risk management .7
5 Installation layout .9
6 Emergency shutdown systems and blowdown.10
7 Control of ignition.11
8 Control of spills.11
9 Emergency power systems.11
10 Fire and gas systems .12
11 Active fire protection.13
12 Passive fire protection .13
13 Explosion mitigation and protection systems.14
14 Evacuation, escape and rescue.15
15 Inspection, testing and maintenance.15
Annex A (informative) Typical fire and explosion hazardous events .17
Annex B (informative) Guidelines to the control and mitigation of fires and explosions.21
(informative)
Annex C Typical examples of design requirements for large integrated offshore installations 48
Bibliography.55
©  ISO 1999
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Switzerland
Internet iso@iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
ii
© ISO
ISO 13702:1999(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
International Standard ISO 13702 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and
offshore structures for petroleum and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 6, Processing equipment and
systems.
Annexes A, B and C of this International Standard are for information only.
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ISO 13702:1999(E)
Introduction
The successful development of the arrangements required to promote safety and environmental protection during
the recovery of hydrocarbon resources, requires a structured approach to the identification and management of
health, safety and environmental hazards applied during the design, construction, operation, inspection,
maintenance and decommissioning of a facility.
This International Standard has been prepared primarily to assist in the development of new installations and as
such it may not be appropriate to apply some of the requirements to existing installations. Retrospective application
of this International Standard should only be undertaken where it is reasonably practicable to do so. During the
planning for a major change to an installation there may be more opportunity to implement the requirements and a
careful review of this International Standard should be undertaken to determine those sections which can be utilised
in the change.
The technical content of this International Standard is arranged as follows:
 Objectives - lists the goals to be achieved by the control and mitigation measures being described.
 Functional requirements - represent the minimum criteria which shall be satisfied to meet the stated
objectives. The functional requirements are performance-orientated measures and, as such, should be
applicable to the variety of offshore installations utilized for the development of hydrocarbon resources
throughout the world.
 Guidelines (annex B) - describe recognized practices which should be considered in conjunction with statutory
requirements, industry standards and individual operator philosophy, to determine that the measures necessary
are implemented for the control and mitigation of fires and explosions. The guidelines are limited to principal
elements and are intended to provide specific guidance which, due to the wide variety of offshore operating
environments, may in some circumstances not be applicable.
 Bibliography - lists documents to which informative reference is made in this International Standard.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD  © ISO ISO 13702:1999(E)
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Control and mitigation of
fires and explosions on offshore production installations —
Requirements and guidelines
1 Scope
This International Standard describes the objectives, functional requirements and guidelines for the control and
mitigation of fires and explosions on offshore installations used for the development of hydrocarbon resources.
This International Standard is applicable to:
 fixed offshore structures;
 floating production, storage and off-take systems;
for the petroleum and natural gas industries.
Mobile offshore units as defined in this International Standard and subsea installations are excluded, although many
of the principles contained in this International Standard may be used as guidance.
This International Standard is based on an approach where the selection of control and mitigation measures for fires
and explosions is determined by an evaluation of hazards on the offshore installation. The methodologies employed
in this assessment and the resultant recommendations will differ depending on the complexity of the production
process and facilities, type of facility (i.e. open or enclosed), manning levels, and the environmental conditions
associated with the area of operation.
Users of this International Standard should note that while observing its requirements, they should, at the same
time, ensure compliance with such statutory requirements, rules and regulations as may be applicable to the
individual offshore installation concerned.
2 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
2.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1.1
abandonment
act of personnel onboard leaving an installation in an emergency
2.1.2
accommodation
place where personnel onboard sleep and spend their off-duty time
NOTE It may include dining rooms, recreation rooms, lavatories, cabins, offices, sickbay, living quarters, galley, pantries
and similar permanently enclosed spaces.
2.1.3
active fire protection
AFP
equipment, systems and methods which, following initiation, may be used to control, mitigate and extinguish fires
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2.1.4
area classification
division of an installation into hazardous areas and nonhazardous areas and the sub-division of hazardous areas
into zones
NOTE This classification is based on the materials which may be present and the probability of a flammable atmosphere
developing. Area classification is primarily used in the selection of electrical equipment to minimize the likelihood of ignition if a
release occurs.
2.1.5
cellulosic fire
CF
fire involving combustible material such as wood, paper, furniture, etc.
2.1.6
class of fire
type of fire
classification used to facilitate the selection of extinguishers
2.1.7
control
limiting the extent and/or duration of a hazardous event to prevent escalation
2.1.8
control station
CS
place on the installation from which personnel can monitor the status of the installation, initiate appropriate
shutdown actions and undertake any emergency communication
2.1.9
deluge system
system to apply fire-water through an array of open spray nozzles by operation of a valve on the inlet to the system
2.1.10
embarkation area
place from which personnel leave the installation during evacuation
EXAMPLES  A helideck and associated waiting area or a lifeboat/liferaft boarding area.
2.1.11
emergency depressurization
EDP
controlled disposal of pressurized fluids to a flare or vent system when required to avoid or minimize a hazardous
situation
2.1.12
emergency response
action taken by personnel on or off the installation to control or mitigate a hazardous event or initiate and execute
abandonment
2.1.13
emergency response team
group of personnel who have designated duties in an emergency
2.1.14
emergency shutdown
ESD
control actions undertaken to shut down equipment or processes in response to a hazardous situation
2.1.15
emergency station
place where emergency response personnel go to undertake their emergency duties
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2.1.16
escalation
spread of impact from fires, explosions, toxic gas releases to equipment or other areas thereby causing an increase
in the consequences of a hazardous event
2.1.17
escape
act of personnel moving away from a hazardous event to a place where its effects are reduced or removed
2.1.18
escape route
route from an area of an installation leading to a muster area, temporary refuge (TR), embarkation area or means of
escape to the sea
2.1.19
essential safety system
any system which has a major role in the control and mitigation of fires and explosions and in any subsequent EER
activities
2.1.20
evacuation
the planned method of leaving the installation in an emergency
2.1.21
evacuation, escape and rescue
EER
general term used to describe the range of possible actions including escape, muster, refuge, evacuation, escape to
the sea and rescue/recovery
2.1.22
evacuation, escape and rescue strategy
EERS
results of the process that uses information from an evaluation of events which may require EER to determine the
measures required and the role of these measures
2.1.23
evacuation route
escape route which leads from the temporary refuge (TR) to the place(s) used for primary or secondary evacuation
from the installation
2.1.24  explosion
2.1.24.1
chemical explosion
violent combustion of a flammable gas or mist which generates pressure effects due to confinement of the
combustion-induced flow and/or the acceleration of the flame front by obstacles in the flame path
2.1.24.2
physical explosion
explosion arising from the sudden release of stored energy such as from failure of a pressure vessel, or high
voltage electrical discharge to earth
2.1.25
fire and explosion strategy
FES
results of the process that uses information from the fire and explosion evaluation to determine the measures
required to manage these hazardous events and the role of these measures
2.1.26
flammable atmosphere
mixture of flammable gas or vapour in air which will burn when ignited
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2.1.27
functional requirements
minimum criteria which must be satisfied to meet the stated health, safety and environmental objectives
2.1.28
grade of release
measure of the likely frequency and duration of a release
NOTE It is independent of the rate of release, the quantity of material released, the degree of ventilation and the
characteristics of the fluid.
2.1.29
hazard
potential for human injury, damage to the environment, damage to property, or a combination of these
2.1.30
hazard assessment
process whereby the results of an analysis of a hazard or hazardous event are considered against either
judgement, standards or criteria which have been developed as a basis for decision-making
2.1.31
hazardous area
three-dimensional space in which a flammable atmosphere may be expected to be present at such frequencies as
to require special precautions for the control of potential ignition sources
2.1.32
hazardous event
incident which occurs when a hazard is realized
EXAMPLES  Release of gas, fire, loss of buoyancy.
2.1.33
ignition sources
any source with sufficient energy to initiate combustion
2.1.34
integrated installation
offshore installation which contains, on the same structure, accommodation and utilities in addition to process
and/or wellhead facilities
2.1.35
jet fire
JF
ignited release of pressurized, flammable fluids
2.1.36
life jacket
device worn by personnel which has sufficient buoyancy and stability to turn the body of an unconscious person and
keep the person's mouth clear of the water
2.1.37
mitigation
reduction of the effects of a hazardous event
2.1.38
manned installation
installation on which people are routinely accommodated
2.1.39
mobile offshore unit
mobile platform, including drilling ships, equipped for drilling for subsea hydrocarbon deposits, and mobile platform
for purposes other than production and storage of hydrocarbon deposits
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2.1.40
muster area
designated area where personnel report when required to do so
2.1.41
operator
individual, partnership, firm or corporation having control or management of operations on the leased area or a
portion thereof
NOTE The operator may be a lessee, designated agent of the lessee(s), or holder of operating rights under an approved
operating agreement.
2.1.42
passive fire protection
PFP
coating or cladding arrangement or free-standing system which, in the event of fire, will provide thermal protection to
restrict the rate at which heat is transmitted to the object or area being protected
2.1.43
pool fire
combustion of flammable or combustible liquid spilled and retained on a surface
2.1.44
prevention
reduction of the likelihood of a hazardous event
2.1.45
primary method
preferred method of leaving the installation in an emergency
2.1.46
rescue
process by which those who have entered the sea directly or in TEMPSC/liferafts are retrieved to a place where
medical assistance is available
2.1.47
risk
combination of the chance that a specified undesired event will occur and the severity of the consequences of that
event
2.1.48
running liquid fire
fire involving a flammable liquid flowing over a surface
2.1.49
secondary method
method of leaving the installation which can be carried out in a fully controlled manner under the
direction of the person in charge, independent of external support
2.1.50
source of release
point from which flammable gas, liquid or a combination of both can be released into the atmosphere
2.1.51
survival suit
protective suit made of waterproof materials which reduces the body heat-loss of a person wearing it in cold water
2.1.52
temporary refuge
TR
place provided where personnel can take refuge for a predetermined period whilst investigations, emergency
response and evacuation preplanning are undertaken
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2.1.53
tertiary method
method of leaving the instsllation which relies considerably on the individual's own action
2.1.54
totally enclosed motor-propelled survival craft
TEMPSC
craft capable of sustaining the lives of persons in distress from the time of abandoning the installation
2.1.55
zone
distance in any direction from the source of release to the point where the flammable
atmosphere has been diluted by air to a sufficiently low level
NOTE Different zone ratings are possible depending on the frequency that flammable mixtures are expected to be present.
2.2 Abbreviated terms
AB Accommodation Block
AFP Active Fire Protection
API American Petroleum Institute
BA Breathing Apparatus
BOP Blowout Preventer
CCR Central Control Room
CF Cellulosic Fire
CS Control Station
EDP Emergency Depressurization
EER Evacuation, Escape and Rescue
EERS EER Strategy
ESD Emergency Shutdown
FES Fire and Explosion Strategy
SDV Shutdown valve
F&G Fire and Gas System
HC Hydrocarbon
HVAC Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
OCS Outer Continental Shelf
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IMO International Maritime Organization
JF Jet Fire
PA Process Area
PFP Passive Fire Protection
PLC Programmable Logic Controllers
SSIV Sub-Sea Isolation Valve
SSSV Sub-Surface Safety Valve
TEMPSC Totally Enclosed Motor-Propelled Survival Craft
TR Temporary Refuge
UPS Uninterruptable Power Supply
UKOOA United Kingdom Offshore Operators Association
UA Utility Area
WH Wellhead Area
3 Objectives
The principal objectives of this International Standard are, in order of priority:
 safety of personnel;
 protection of the environment;
 protection of assets;
 minimization of financial consequences of fires and explosions.
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4 Fire and explosion evaluation and risk management
All companies associated with the offfshore recovery of hydrocarbons shall have, or conduct their activities in
accordance with, an effective management system which addresses environmental issues such as described in
1)
ISO 14001 or similar , and additionally addresses issues relating to health and safety. One key element of such
management systems shall be a process of evaluation and risk management. The starting point for evaluation and
risk management is the systematic identification of the hazards and effects which may arise from offshore recovery
locations and activities and from the materials which are used or encountered in them. The identification process
should be applied to all stages in the life cycle of an installation and to all types of hazards encountered as a
consequence of the development of hydrocarbon resources.
The results of the identification process should be used both to evaluate the consequences of hazardous events
and to determine appropriate risk reduction. The process of selecting risk-reduction measures will predominantly
entail the use of sound engineering judgement, but this may need to be supplemented by a recognition of the
particular circumstances which may require deviation from past practices and previously applied codes and
standards. In certain circumstances, risk assessment may be able to provide useful input to the decision-making
process, providing that the operator has established criteria for this purpose. Risk-reduction measures should
include those to prevent incidents (i.e. reduction of the probability of occurrence), to control incidents (i.e. limiting
the extent and duration of a hazardous event) and to mitigate the effects (i.e. reduction of the consequences).
Preventative measures, such as using inherently safer designs and ensuring asset integrity, should be emphasized
wherever practicable. Emergency response measures to recover from incidents should be provided based on the
evaluation and should be developed taking into account possible failures of the control and mitigation measures.
Based on the results of the evaluation, detailed health, safety and environmental objectives and functional
requirements should be set at appropriate levels.
The above is general and applies to all hazards and potentially hazardous events. In the context of fires and
explosions, the evaluation of these events may be part of an overall installation evaluation or may be treated as a
separate process which provides information to the overall evaluation.
The results of the evaluation process and the decisions taken with respect to the need for, and role of, any risk
reduction measures should be recorded so that they are available for those who operate the installation and for
those involved in any subsequent change to the installation. For convenience in the remainder of this International
Standard, the term 'strategy' has been adopted for this record. Two such strategies are introduced, namely a Fire
and Explosion Strategy (FES) and an Evacuation, Escape and Rescue Strategy (EERS). These strategies do not
have to be separately documented and the relevant information may be included with other health, safety and
environmental information as part of the management of all hazardous events on an installation. The EERS may, for
example be included in an overall installation Emergency Response Strategy. For many existing installations, the
FES and EERS may be contained in previous risk assessments, or may be restricted to a simple statement of the
standards and/or procedures, which are applied to deal with fire and explosion and escape and evacuation aspects
of the installation.
The strategies should be updated whenever there is a change to the installation which may affect the management
of the fire and explosion hazardous events.
The level of detail in a strategy will vary depending on the scale of the installation and the stage in the installation
life cycle when the risk management process is undertaken. For example:
 complex installations, e.g. a large production platform incorporating complex facilities, drilling modules and
large accommodation modules, are likely to require detailed studies to address the fire and explosion
hazardous events. Typical examples of some of the issues that may need to be addressed for such
installations are given in annex C;
 for simpler installations, e.g. a wellhead platform or other small platforms with limited process facilities, it may
be possible to rely on application of recognized codes and standards as a suitable base which reflects industry
experience for this type of facility;

1)
For example, operators should have an effective management system. Contractors should have either their own
management system or conduct their activities consistently with the operators management system.
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 for installations which are a repeat of earlier designs, evaluations undertaken for the original design may be
deemed sufficient to determine the measures needed to manage the fire and explosion hazardous events, but
new knowledge and technology should be considered;
 for installations in the early design phases, the evaluations will necessarily be less detailed than those
undertaken during later design phases.
The strategies should describe the role and any functional requirements for each of the systems required to
manage possible hazardous events on the installation. In developing functional requirements, the following should
be considered:
a) the functional parameters of the particular system. This should be a statement of the purpose and essential
duties that the system is expected to perform;
b) the integrity, reliability and availability of the system;
c) the survivability of the system under the emergency conditions which may be present when it is required to
operate;
d) the dependency on other systems which may not be available in an emergency.
The identified essential elements should form the basis for the specification for each of the systems to be provided,
and should be verified for the life of the installation in order to ensure that the strategies remain valid and to identify
the need for any remedial action.
In developing the strategies, there are a wide range of issues which should be considered to ensure that the
measures selected are capable of performing their function when required to do so. For the FES, these issues
include:
 the nature of the fires and explosions which may occur (see annex A);
 the risks of fires and explosions;
 the marine environment;
 the nature of the fluids to be handled;
 the anticipated ambient conditions;
 the temperature and pressure of fluids to be handled;
 the quantities of flammable materials to be processed and stored;
 the amount, complexity and layout of equipment on the installation;
 the location of the installation with respect to external assistance/support;
 the EERS;
 the production and manning philosophy;
 human factors.
For the EERS, issues to be considered include:
 normal means of access to the installation;
 means available for evacuation, escape and rescue and their likely availability in the identified accident
scenarios;
 fire and explosion scenarios which might lead to the need for escape or evacuation (including the effects of
smoke and radiant heat);
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 number and distribution of personnel;
 emergency command and communication;
 emergency monitoring and control;
 layout of the installation and arrangement of equipment;
 environment in which the installation is located;
 level of assistance available from external sources;
 any regulations and guidance which are applicable to the installation;
 human factors.
The following clauses of this International Standard identify requirements and provide guidance on a range of
measures which may have a role in either the control and mitigation of the potential fire and explosion hazardous
events on an installation or in the EER activities which may be required as a result of a fire or explosion.
5 Installation layout
5.1 Objectives
• To minimize the possibility of hazardous accumulations of both liquids and gaseous hydrocarbon, and to
provide for the rapid removal of any accumulations which do occur;
• To minimize the probability of ignition;
• To minimize the spread of flammable liquids and gases which may result in a hazardous event;
• To separate areas required to be nonhazardous from those designated as being hazardous;
• To minimize the consequences of fire and explosions;
• To provide for adequate arrangements for escape and evacuation;
• To facilitate effective emergency response.
5.2 Functional requirements
The layout of an installation may have a major effect on the consequences of fires and explosions and on the
arrangements required for EER. Consequently, for a new installation or the modification of an existing installation
the impact of layout options on the FES and EERS shall be fully evaluated as a basis for the selection of the design
which, so far as is reasonably practicable, minimizes the risks of fire and explosion.
In developing the layout of the installation, consideration shall be given to maximizing so far as is reasonable the
separation by distance of the temporary refuge (TR), accommodation and evacuation, escape and rescue (EER)
facilities from areas containing equipment handling hydrocarbons.
Either separation by distance or the use of barriers can prevent the escalation of fire to another area. Where such
barriers are required to avoid escalation, they shall be adequate to resist fire and, as far as is reasonable the effects
of explosions. The provision of such barriers will influence ventilation, access/escape routes, ESD/EDP system
design, explosion resistance and firewater demands. The interdependency of safety systems shall be considered
during the design of the installation. Any penetration of a barrier provided to prevent escalation of a fire or explosion
shall not jeopardize the integrity of the barrier.
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Essential safety systems (such as control stations, temporary refuge, muster areas, fire pumps) shall be located
where they are least likely to be affected by fires and explosions. In some situations such systems will need to be
designed to withstand fire and explosions, at least until people on board have been safely evacuated or the situation
has been brought under control.
The installation layout may result in equipment being at risk from impact of dropped objects or collisions. The need
to protect critical items of process equipment, especially where failure could result in a major loss of inventory, shall
be considered to determine whether impact protection is required.
6 Emergency shutdown systems and blowdown
6.1 Objective
• To initiate appropriate shutdown, isolation and blowdown actions to prevent escalation of abnormal conditions
into a major hazardous event and to limit the extent and duration of any such events which do occur.
6.2 Functional requirements
An emergency shutdown (ESD) system shall be provided, in accordance with the requirements of the FES, in order
to:
 isolate the installation from the major hydrocarbon inventories within pipelines and reservoirs which, if released
on failure, would pose an intolerable risk to personnel, environment and the equipment;
 where appropriate, sectionalize topside inventory to limit the quantity of material released on loss of
containment;
 control potential ignition sources such as fired units, engines and non-essential electrical equipment;
 control subsurface safety valve(s);
 where appropriate, depressurize hydrocarbon inventory and vent it to a safe place.
An ESD system shall be designed such that it is capable of fulfilling its function under the conditions which may be
experienced when the system is required to operate.
An ESD system shall provide adequate information at a control station so that personnel involved in managing an
emergency have the information they need. The information presented to the operator and the controls provided
shall be such that the operator can effectively execute the required actions in an emergency.
If plant is in operation, the essential shutdown functions shall be available during maintenance activities which affect
the operation of the ESD system.
Emergency depressurization (EDP) systems shall be considered for pressurized hydrocarbon systems to dispose of
the gaseous inventory under emergency conditions in order to reduce the duration of an event, the quantity of
material released or the likelihood of a pressure vessel failure in a fire.
The design of an ESD system may be for manual or automatic initiation or both. When manual initiation is required,
the systems shall be simple to operate and shall not require operators to make complex or non-routine decisions.
Once initiated, all control actions required by the ESD system shall occur automatically.
Manual stations for initiation of ESD shall be located in strategic positions, be readily accessible, well marked and
protected against unintentional activation.
The ESD system shall contain facilities for testing of both input/output devices and internal functions.
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7 Control of ignition
7.1 Objective
• To minimize the likelihood of ignition of flammable liquids and gases following a loss of containment.
7.2 Functional requirements
Arrangements to minimize the likelihood of ignition shall be provided in accordance with the requirements of the
FES. This should include minimization of the number of potential ignition sources as far as reasonably practicable.
Ignition of flammable liquid and gas leaks shall be minimized by identifying those areas where such leaks are likely
to occur and by providing in these areas equipment which is designed to reduce the likelihood of ignition of
flammable liquids and gases.
The installation shall be classified into hazardous and nonhazardous areas in accordance with a recognized
standard or code.
The need for the ESD system to incorporate isolation of electrical equipment which is not suitable for use in
hazardous areas during major gas emergencies shall be considered in the design of the ESD system.
Procedures to control the use of temporary equipment which may present ignition sources shall be established.
Direct-fired equipment shall be located or protected to prevent ignition following loss of containment.
8 Control of spills
8.1 Objective
• To provide measures for containment and proper disposal of flammable liquid spills.
8.2 Functional requirements
Arrangements for control of spills shall be provided in accordance with the requirements of the FES.
Measures shall be provided for dealing with spills in all areas which have a source of liquid hydrocarbons so as to
minimize the risk of fires and to avoid damage to the environment.
Hazardous and nonhazardous open drains shall be physically separate.
Hazardous closed drains shall be separate from all open drainage systems.
The design of the drainage system shall limit the maximum spread of a spill and attempt to minimize any escalation
arising from the spill.
9 Emergency power systems
9.1 Objective
• To provide a reliable source of emergency power.
9.2 Functional requirements
Emergency power shall be provided in accordance with the requirements of the FES.
Systems requiring electrical power to fulfil their functions and to allow the installation to be safely shut down and
evacuated shall have a secure power supply of sufficient capacity and duration for a period sufficient for effective
management of the installation while main power generation is unavailable.
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Facilities shall be provided to allow maintenance of the emergency power system without significantly reducing the
functionality of the system.
The location and design of the emergency power systems shall ensure that they will be able to perform their
function under the conditions which may be experienced when called upon to operate.
Consideration shall be given to the facilities required to maintain control of drilling activities. The consequences of
loss of mains power during drilling activities shall be evaluated to ensure that the emergency power systems, where
necessary to allow essential equipment to remain available, are suitable for use during an emergency.
10 Fire and gas systems
10.1 Objectives
• To provide continuous automatic monitoring functions to alert personnel of the presence of a hazardous fire or
gas condition.
• To allow control actions to be initiated manually or automatically in order to minimize the likelihood of
escalation.
10.2 Functional requirements
A Fire and Gas (F&G) system shall be provided in accordance with the requirements of the FES.
The FES shall describe the basis for determining the location, number and types of detectors. This requires a
process of identifying and assessing the possible F&G hazardous events in each area and evaluating the
requirements to reliably detect these events.
The F&G detection devices shall be selected taking into account their response characteristics and the conditions
which may be experienced when detection is required.
Fire detectors shall be selected to be suitable for detection of the types of fires that may occur in the area.
All F&G field devices shall be suitable for the area in which they will be located and shall be approved for use by a
recognized authority.
When necessary to prevent ignition of a gas release in nonhazardous areas, the air intakes to these areas, or the
areas themselves, shall be fitted with gas detection if gas can realistically reach these areas in an emergency.
Reliance on gas detection within a nonhazardous area to prevent ignition of gas needs careful consideration to
ensure that sufficient time will be available after initial detection to complete the necessary shutdown actions.
The F&G system shall have facilities to allow testing of field devices, the system internal functions and executive
outputs.
Devices to initiate F&G alarm and, where provided, control actions shall be available in a control station.
Alarm conditions requiring muster of personnel shall be identified by acoustic signals, supplemented by visual
signals in high noise areas where high noise levels will persist after ESD.
Temporary removal or isolation of the F&G system, or part of the system, is acceptable providing that adequate
alternative arrangements are provided.
The F&G information required at the TR and control stations shall be considered during the design of the system.
The F&G control system shall be designed, located or protected so that it will be available in those emergencies
where fire and gas detection is required.
© ISO
ISO 13702:1999(E)
11 Active fire protection
11.1 Objectives
• To control fires and limit escalation;
• To reduce the effects of a fire to allow personnel to undertake emergency response activities or to evacuate;
• To extinguish the fire where it is considered safe to do so;
• To limit damage to structures and equipment.
11.2 Functional requirements
Active Fire Protection (AFP) systems shall be provided in accordance with the requirements of the FES.
AFP systems shall be designed, installed and maintained in accordance with recognized standards which shall be
relevant to the particular application.
If considered essential, AFP systems shall be located or protected so that they will be able to withstand the
expected fire or explosion loading.
The discharge effects from an AFP system shall be considered in selection of the system for particular areas (for
example, the effects of water on electrical equipment).
The capacity and discharge density (or application rate) of AFP systems and equipment shall be determined either
by engineering evaluation or through use of a relevant recognized standard.
AFP systems and equipment shall be suitable for the intended duty and environment. Major components shall be of
a type approved by a recognized testing authority. The conditions of approval shall be relevant to the intended
operating environment.
All AFP systems and equipment shall be marked with easily understood operating instructions.
The response time for activation and reaching an operational state for all AFP systems shall not affect the ability of
the system to fulfil its intended function.
For automatically initiated systems, a manual release station shall be provided and conveniently located outside the
protected area.
The information required at the control station shall be considered in the design of the AFP system.
AFP systems shall be returned to service following use. Where systems cannot be immediately returned to service
alternative actions to minimize the fire risks shall be considered and implemented where appropriate, before
resumption of operations in the affected area.
NOTE The most effective way to limit escalation and damage is to detect and control fires at an early stage. In practice, fire
control cannot be achieved until the source of fuel and ignition is isolated.
For some fire events, it may not be practical or necessary to provide AFP systems to extinguish the fire. In addition,
extinguishment may create a greater hazard due to an increased potential for an explosion should gas from a
release subsequently re-ignite.
12 Passive fire protection
12.1 Objectives
• To prevent escalation of the fire due to progressive releases of inventory, by separating the different fire risk
areas;
© ISO
ISO 13702:1999(E)
• To protect essential safety systems;
• To protect critical components, such as separators, risers and topside ESD valves;
• To minimize damage to the installation by protecting the critical structural members, and in particular those
members essential to the support of the TR(s), the evacuation routes to and from the TR(s) and other critical
equipment;
• To encourage controlled collapse of tall structures to minimize the likelihood of collapse of structures and
equipment onto TR/evacuation facilities;
• To protect personnel in the TR(s), until safe evacuation can take place;
• To protect any section of the escape routes to the TR(s) for a predetermined time to allow for safe escape from
the area and allow for emergency response activities;
• To protect any sections of the evacuation routes from the TR(s) to the locations used for installation
evacuation.
12.2 Functional requirements
Passive Fire Protection (PFP) shall be provided in accordance with the requirements of the FES.
PFP of essential systems and equipment or enclosures containing such systems and equipment shall be provided
where failure in a fire is intolerable.
Where PFP is required to provide protection following an explosion, it shall be designed and installed such that
deformation of the substrate caused by an explosion will not affect its performance.
Selection of the PFP systems shall take into account the durat
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