CEN ISO/TR 9241-100:2023

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2023
Ergonomija medsebojnega vplivanja človek-sistem - 100. del: Pregled standardov
ISO 9241 za ergonomijo, povezano s programsko opremo (ISO/TR 9241-100:2023)
Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 100: Overview of ISO 9241 software
ergonomic standards (ISO/TR 9241-100:2023)
Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Interaktion - Teil 100: Überblick über Normen zur
Software-Ergonomie (ISO/TR 9241-100:2023)
Ergonomie de l'interaction homme-système - Partie 100: Introduction aux normes
relatives à l'ergonomie des logiciels (ISO/TR 9241-100:2023)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN ISO/TR 9241-100:2023
ICS:
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
35.180 Terminalska in druga IT Terminal and other
periferna oprema IT peripheral equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

CEN ISO/TR 9241-100
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
April 2023
TECHNISCHER REPORT
ICS 13.180; 35.180 Supersedes CEN ISO/TR 9241-100:2011
English Version
Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 100:
Overview of ISO 9241 software ergonomic standards
(ISO/TR 9241-100:2023)
Ergonomie de l'interaction homme-système - Partie Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Interaktion - Teil 100:
100: Vue d'ensemble des normes ISO 9241 relatives à Überblick über Normen zur Software-Ergonomie
l'ergonomie des logiciels (ISO/TR 9241-100:2023) (ISO/TR 9241-100:2023)

This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 10 March 2023. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 122.

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© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN ISO/TR 9241-100:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (CEN ISO/TR 9241-100:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159
"Ergonomics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” the secretariat of
which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN ISO/TR 9241-100:2011.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO/TR 9241-100:2023 has been approved by CEN as CEN ISO/TR 9241-100:2023 without
any modification.
TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 9241-100
Second edition
2023-03
Ergonomics of human-system
interaction —
Part 100:
Overview of ISO 9241 software
ergonomic standards
Ergonomie de l’interaction homme-système —
Partie 100: Vue d’ensemble des normes ISO 9241 relatives à
l’ergonomie des logiciels
Reference number
ISO/TR 9241-100:2023(E)
ISO/TR 9241-100:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO/TR 9241-100:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Overview of ISO 9241 software ergonomic standards . 2
5 Executive summaries of ISO software ergonomic standards . 5
5 .1 I S O 9241-11:2018 . 5
5 . 2 I S O 9241-13:19 98 . 5
5 . 3 I S O 9241-14:19 97 . 7
5 .4 I S O 9241-110 :2020 . 7
5 . 5 I S O 9241-112:2017 . 8
5 . 6 I S O 9241-125:2017 . 9
5 .7 I S O/ T S 9241-126:2019 . 10
5 . 8 I S O 9241-129:2010 . 11
5 .9 I S O 9241-143:2012 .12
5 .10 I S O 9241-15 4:2013 . 13
5 .11 I S O 9241-161:2016 . 15
5.12 IS O 9241-171:2008 . . 16
5 .13 I S O 9241-210 :2019 . 17
5 .14 I S O 9241-220 :2019 . 18
6 Standards under development .19
Annex A (informative) Additional guidance beyond the ISO 9241-1XX family .21
iii
ISO/TR 9241-100:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee
SC 4, Ergonomics of human-system interaction, in collaboration with the European Committee for
Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 122, Ergonomics, in accordance with the
Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TR 9241-100:2010), which has been
technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— overview of the ISO 9241 series updated;
— text edited and added to;
— new Figure 1 added.
A list of all parts in the ISO 9241 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
ISO/TR 9241-100:2023(E)
Introduction
The purpose of this document is to provide concise descriptions of the parts of the ISO 9241 series that
provide requirements and recommendations for the ergonomic design of software-based interactive
systems. It includes descriptions of all the current parts in the ISO 9241-1XX family of documents,
which are specifically directed at software, together with descriptions of ISO 9241-11, ISO 9241-210
and ISO 9241-220, which address the concept of usability, human-centred design and human-centred
design processes, respectively.
It also informs the reader about upcoming documents that are currently under development.
The adoption of a human-centred approach to the development of products and systems and the
application of the requirements and recommendations contained in the ISO 9241-1XX family of
documents helps prevent users from experiencing usability problems, such as:
— additional unnecessary steps not required as part of the task;
— misleading information;
— insufficient and poor information on the user interface;
— navigational limitations during use;
— inefficient error recovery.
The documents contain guidance at the levels of:
— principles, e.g. “conformity with user expectations” (ISO 9241-110:2020, 5.3);
— general recommendations, e.g. “The interactive system should use cultural and linguistic conventions
for presentation, input and control that the users are familiar with” (ISO 9241-110:2020, 5.3.3.1);
— guidance specific to a thematic subject, e.g. “If sounds need to be used in different countries or
cultures, or will be presented to individuals speaking different languages, then the sounds should
be culturally appropriate” (ISO/TS 9241-126:2019, 6.1.11).
NOTE Currently, when people phone someone whose line is in use, they hear a different signal in
different countries.
The documents do not specify “standardized solutions” in terms of conventions, for example, “the title
bar of a window in focus is coloured blue” or “the push button 'OK' is always placed to the left of the push
button 'Cancel'.” Such “industry conventions” or even “industry regulations” are published by industry
sources and can be found in literature. However, the guidance relating to presented information in
ISO documents is intended to be applied when establishing or assessing industry conventions for user
interfaces of interactive systems.
v
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 9241-100:2023(E)
Ergonomics of human-system interaction —
Part 100:
Overview of ISO 9241 software ergonomic standards
1 Scope
This document provides an overview of ISO 9241 software ergonomic standards in the form of executive
summaries of these standards, in particular the parts in the ISO 9241-1XX family of documents. In
addition, it provides executive summaries for ISO 9241-11, ISO 9241-210 and ISO 9241-220, which have
specific relevance to the design of software-based interactive systems.
This document is intended for the following types of users:
— managers, who are involved in planning and managing product, system and/or service development
projects, who are to be informed on the human-centred design approach and on guidance on
software ergonomics;
— developers, who will apply the guidance in these documents during the development process (either
directly, based on training, or by using tools and style guides which incorporate the guidance);
— user interface design roles (including interaction designers, information architects, user interface
designers, visual designers and content creators), who will apply the guidance in these documents
during the creation and design process (either directly, based on training, or by using tools and style
guides which incorporate the guidance);
— user researchers, who are responsible for identifying user needs and inform context of use of a
product, system or service;
— evaluators, who are responsible for ensuring that products, systems or services meet the
recommendations contained in these documents;
— buyers, who will reference these documents in contracts during product procurement;
— designers of user interface development tools and style guides to be used by user interface designers
and developers.
While the documents are applicable to all types of interactive systems, they do not cover the specifics of
every context of use, such as safety critical systems and collaborative work.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
ISO/TR 9241-100:2023(E)
4 Overview of ISO 9241 software ergonomic standards
The ISO 9241 series provides requirements and recommendations that address the ergonomics issues
that arise in the design and development of interactive systems. By applying and observing the theory,
principles, data and methods of ergonomics presented in the series, people's wellbeing is increased
and the overall system performance is optimized. Table 1 shows the structure of the ISO 9241 series
and the way in which the numbering system is used to group the documents according the aspects
of the interactive system that are being addressed. This document focuses on the description of the
standards which address software ergonomics issues. The majority of the documents form part of the
ISO 9241-1XX family of documents and are listed in Figure 1. Executive summaries for all the current
100 series parts are included in this document.
There are three further documents which are particularly relevant to the design of the software
aspects of interactive systems, while also applying to the overall design. ISO 9241-11 provides the
conceptual framework for addressing usability, while ISO 9241-210 and ISO 9241-220 provide guidance
on the design activities within an organization that form the basis of a human-centred approach to
designing interactive systems. Executive summaries for these parts are also included in this document.
Information on additional guidance beyond the ISO 9241-1XX family of documents is given in Annex A,
addressing topics such as accessibility, visual interfaces, audio interfaces and tactile interfaces.
Table 1 — Overview of ISO 9241 software ergonomic standards
Part Title Revised Pages Core Ref
of ISO
100 Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 100: Overview 2022 19 13 –
of ISO 9241 software ergonomic standards
Hardware and software usability
11 Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 11: Usability: 2018 29 8 5.1
Definitions and concepts
13 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display 1998 32 13 5.2
terminals (VDTs) — Part 13: User guidance
14 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display 1997 57 20 5.3
terminals (VDTs) — Part 14: Menu dialogues
General guidance on software ergonomics
110 Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 110: 2020 43 20 5.4
Interaction principles
112 Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 112: Principles 2017 20 12 5.5
for the presentation of information
Input, output and interaction
125 Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 125: Guidance 2017 42 34 5.6
on visual presentation of information
126 Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 126: Guidance 2019 33 19 5.7
on the presentation of auditory information
129 Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 129: Guidance 2010 58 19 5.8
on software individualization
Performance support (currently no standards)
Interaction techniques
143 Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 143: Forms 2012 95 46 5.9
Topic specific guidance
Key
pages  number of pages in main body of standard
core  number of pages that comprise the core of the standard
ref.  subclause where more detailed information is provided in this document
ISO/TR 9241-100:2023(E)
TTabablele 1 1 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
Part Title Revised Pages Core Ref
of ISO
154 Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 154: 2013 35 22 5.10
Interactive voice response (IVR) applications
Interface control components
161 Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 161: Guidance 2016 63 54 5.11
on visual user-interface elements
Cross-topic guidance on accessibility
171 Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 171: Guidance 2008 90 39 5.12
on software accessibility
Process related guidance for human-centred design
210 Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 210: 2019 33 15 5.13
Human-centred design for interactive systems
220 Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 220: Processes 2019 104 42 5.14
for enabling, executing and assessing human-centred design within
organizations
Key
pages  number of pages in main body of standard
core  number of pages that comprise the core of the standard
ref.  subclause where more detailed information is provided in this document
ISO/TR 9241-100:2023(E)
Figure 1 — The relationship between major sources of guidance for human-system interaction
ISO/TR 9241-100:2023(E)
5 Executive summaries of ISO software ergonomic standards
5.1 ISO 9241-11:2018
Title Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 11: Usability: Definitions and concepts
Abstract This standard provides a framework for understanding the concept of usability and
applying it to situations where people use interactive systems, other types of systems
(including built environments), products (including industrial and consumer products)
and services (including technical and personal services).
The standard explains usability and its key components: effectiveness, efficiency and
satisfaction with definitions and examples. It also explains the context of use and its
key components: users, goals, tasks, resources and environments with definitions and
examples.
Sample 1 5.1 Concept of usability
Usability is the extent to which a system, product or service can be used by specified
users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a speci-
fied context of use.
Sample 2 6.2 Effectiveness
Effectiveness is the accuracy and completeness with which users achieve specified
goals.
Accuracy is the extent to which an actual outcome matches an intended outcome.
The basis for accuracy will depend on the specificity of the intended outcome(s). In
some cases, accuracy is based on whether or not the outcome is correct.
EXAMPLE 1 The user successfully recorded the intended TV programme on a personal
video recorder (PVR)
Causes of lack of accuracy can include . use errors or difficulties.
EXAMPLE 2 A person selects a valid ticket from a train ticket machine but buys a
higher-class ticket than intended, not realizing the double fare (price).
Contents 29 pages. Includes:
— Table of contents (2 pages)
— Rationale and benefits of usability (1 page)
— Usability in a context of use (2 pages)
— Outcomes of use (definitions of effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction) (4 pages)
— Context of use (4 pages)
— Applying the concept of usability (2 pages)
— Annex A. Relationship of usability to other concepts (5 pages)
— Annex B. Usability measurement (3 pages)
— Bibliography (2 pages)
Relations The definitions in this standard are used throughout the ISO 9241 series and many
other ISO standards.
Keywords Definitions of basic usability concepts: usability, effectiveness, efficiency, satisfaction,
context of use, user, goal, task, resource, environment.
5.2 ISO 9241-13:1998
Title Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) — Part
13: User guidance
ISO/TR 9241-100:2023(E)
Abstract This standard deals with user guidance aspects of software user interfaces.
User guidance is additional information beyond the regular user-computer dialogue that
is provided to the user on request or is automatically provided by the system.
The main purpose of user guidance is to aid the user’s interaction with the system by:
— promoting efficient system use;
— avoiding unnecessary mental workload;
— providing support to users to manage error situations;
— providing support for users at various skill levels.
The user guidance recommendations are presented in the following clauses:
— Common guidance recommendations (15 recommendations, 2 pages)
— Prompts (9 recommendations, 1 page)
— Feedback (9 recommendations, 1 page)
— Status information (6 recommendations, 1 page)
— Error management (23 recommendations, 3 pages)
— Error management (35 recommendations, 4 pages)
Sample The clause Error management consists of the following subclauses:
— Description
— Error prevention
— Error correction by the system
— Error management by the user
— Error messages
Three of the 10 recommendations provided for error messages are:
If brief error messages are displayed, users should be able to request more detailed online
information or should be referred to additional off-line information.
If an error has occurred in a sequence of operations invoked by a single user action, in-
formation should be made available about which system operations have already been
completed and which have not been completed.
Error messages should convey what is wrong, what corrective actions can be taken and:
a) the cause of the error;
EXAMPLE An error has been detected in a logical unit of inputs, the cursor is positioned
in the data field or command word at the point of the first identified error to indicate the
location of the error.
or
b) the system should provide an indication of the class of error as precisely as possible
[e.g. error reading file (file name)].
Contents 32 pages. Includes:
— Table of contents (1 page)
— User guidance recommendations; six clauses with 97 recommendations (13 pages)
— Annex A. Sample procedure for assessing applicability and adherence (13 pages)
— Annex B. Bibliography (3 pages)
Relations Further recommendations regarding aspects of user guidance can be found in ISO 9241-110.
Keywords User guidance, prompts, feedback, status information, error management, help, online help.
ISO/TR 9241-100:2023(E)
5.3 ISO 9241-14:1997
Title Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) — Part 14:
Menu dialogues
Abstract This standard deals with the ergonomic design of menu dialogues. In menu dialogues, the
dialogue system presents one or more groups of options to the user, the user chooses one
or more options and the computer executes the desired process denoted by the option(s).
Recommendations are presented in the following clauses:
— Menu structure (13 recommendations, 3 pages)
— Menu navigation (10 recommendations, 2 pages)
— Option selection and execution (28 recommendations, 7 pages)
— Menu presentation (37 recommendations, 8 pages)
Sample The clause “Menu structure” is divided into the subclauses:
— Structuring into levels and menus
— Grouping options within a menu
— Sequencing of options within groups
Specific example from subclause 5.3, “Sequencing of options within groups”:
Options should be sequenced within an option group to facilitate option search and task
performance.
NOTE Except for consistency, it may be necessary to compare the relative appropriateness
of the sequencing approaches (i.e. perform “tradeoffs”) for the users and tasks for which
the menu system is intended.
5.3.1 Consistency
Options should be placed consistently in the same relative order within the option group.
EXAMPLE Options in a menu panel are ordered “file, edit, insert, print” and these options
appear in the same order when that group is presented again (or another panel containing
the same group of options is presented).
NOTE If users have the capability to reorder menu options, it is important that any new
option order selected by a user is preserved until the user makes another change or reverts
to the default order.
Contents 57 pages. Includes:
— Table of contents (2 pages)
— Recommendations; four clauses with 88 recommendations (20 pages)
— Annex A. Sample procedure for assessing applicability and adherence (19 pages)
— Annex B. Examples of applying ISO 9241-14 (2 pages)
— Annex C. Bibliography (10 pages, including cross-references to recommendations)
Relations Further recommendations regarding aspects of user guidance can be found in ISO 9241-110.
Keywords Menu, menu options, navigation
5.4 ISO 9241-110:202 0
Title Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 110: Interaction principles
ISO/TR 9241-100:2023(E)
Abstract This standard deals with the ergonomic design of interactive systems. It describes seven
interaction principles which help prevent usability problems, such as insufficient and poor
information on the user interface and inefficient error recovery.
The interaction principles are generally independent of any specific interaction technique.
The principles are applicable in the analysis, design and evaluation of interactive systems.
The seven interaction principles are:
— Suitability for the user’s task (6 recommendations, 2 pages)
— Self-descriptiveness (8 recommendations, 2 pages)
— Conformity with user expectations (11 recommendations, 3 pages)
— Learnability (6 recommendations, 2 pages)
— Controllability (10 recommendations, 3 pages)
— Use error robustness (12 recommendations, 4 pages)
— User engagement (12 recommendations, 4 pages)
For each of the seven interaction principles, the standard provides recommendations.
The standard also provides two specific examples for each recommendation.
Sample Interaction principle: Self-descriptiveness
Explanation of interaction principle: The interactive system presents appropriate infor-
mation, where needed by the user, to make its capabilities and use immediately obvious
to the user without unnecessary user-system interactions.
The standard provides eight recommendations for this interaction principle. One of them
is: The interactive system should provide information that guides the user and minimizes
the need for consulting online help, user manuals or other external information.
EXAMPLE 1 An office phone with answering machine and call-forwarding facility offers
clearly labelled buttons to initiate actions such as “recording a message” or “setting a
forwarding number”.
EXAMPLE 2 In a railway station, electronic information displays present the time until
the departure of trains, rather than the time of departure so that the user does not need
to find the current time and calculate how long is available to get to the train.
Contents 43 pages. Includes:
— Table of contents (2 pages)
— Interaction principles and recommendations; with 65 recommendations (19 pages)
— Annex A. Checklist to aid in applying the recommendations in ISO 9241-110 (8 pages)
— Bibliography (2 pages)
Relations This standard can be used together with ISO 9241-112, which focuses on presentation of
information that is part of an interactive system.
The principles in ISO 9241-110 also work with the principles presented in ISO 9241-171,
which focuses on designing accessible solutions.
Keywords Heuristic, interaction principle
5.5 ISO 9241-112:201 7
Title Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 112: Principles for the presentation of
information
ISO/TR 9241-100:2023(E)
Abstract This standard deals with common usability issues that arise in the presentation of infor-
mation, when designing user interfaces. It describes six principles which address ways in
which information presented in the design of user interfaces supports effectiveness and
efficiency and can lead to increased user satisfaction.
The six principles are:
— detectability (18 recommendations, 3 pages)
— freedom from distraction (2 recommendations, 1 page)
— discriminability (17 recommendations, 3 pages)
— interpretability (28 recommendations, 3 pages)
— conciseness (11 recommendations, 1 page)
— consistency (internal and external) (14 recommendations, 2 pages)
Sample Principle: Detectability
Explanation of principle: Presented information is detectable if the information is presented
so that it will be recognized as present.
Detectability involves guidance related to prominence, timely presentation of information,
design the controls to be detectable, and continuity.
Guidance related to using prominence (which is an aspect of detectability):
Recommendation: The focus of attention should be set on important information.
EXAMPLE 1 Important information is presented at the top centre of a page of visual in-
formation
EXAMPLE 2 Important information is presented first in an audio announcement slowly
and in easily understandable/acceptable languages of the users.
EXAMPLE 3 Important tactile/haptic information is presented using a higher intensity
than less important information.
Contents 20 pages. Includes:
— Table of contents (1 page)
— Introduction to principles (1 page)
— Principles and recommendations. Six principles, which are described on 12 pages.
The principles are elaborated by 90 recommendations, which are illustrated by 53 examples
— Bibliography (1 page).
Relations This standard is intended to be used together with ISO 9241-110, which focuses on general
ergonomic design of interactive systems.
More detailed guidance for some of the six general principles in this standard are provided
in ISO 9241-125.
Keywords Presentation of information, visual presentation, heuristic, interaction principle
5.6 ISO 9241-125:201 7
Title Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 125: Guidance on visual presentation
of information
ISO/TR 9241-100:2023(E)
Abstract This standard provides guidance for the visual presentation of information controlled by
software, irrespective of the device. It gives provisions for the organization of information
taking account of human perception and memory capabilities.
The main clauses are:
— Visual structuring of information (27 recommendations, 7 pages)
— Using user interface elements to organize information (53 recommendations, 9 pages)
— Graphical objects (18 recommendations, 3 pages)
— Coding techniques (58 recommendations, 10 pages)
— Use of colour (22 recommendations, 6 pages)
Sample The clause “Using user interfaces to structure information” is divided into the four clauses
Lists, Tables, Entry fields, Windows. The clause Lists is divided into the eight subclauses
List structure, Item separation, Alphabetic information, Numeric information, Fixed font
size, Item numbering, Indication of relative position of displayed information, Indication
of list continuation.
Specific example from subclause 6.1.3 Alphabetic information:
The format of lists of alphabetic information should depend on language conventions, e.g.
vertical lists of alphabetic information are left-justified for languages which read from
left to right.
NOTE Indentation can be used to indicate subordination in hierarchical lists (Figure 8
provides an example).
Figure 8 — Illustration of left-justified and indented alphabetic information
Contents 42 pages. Includes:
— Table of contents (4 pages)
— Five clauses with 178 recommendations (34 pages)
— Bibliography (1 page).
Relations This standard provides more detailed guidance for some of the six general principles in
ISO 9241-112.
ISO 9241-125 discusses presentation of visual information, while ISO/TS 9241-126 discusses
presentation of auditory information.
Keywords Visual presentation, heuristic, interaction principle
5.7 ISO/TS 9241-126:2 019
Title Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 126: Guidance on the presentation of
auditory information
ISO/TR 9241-100:2023(E)
Abstract This standard provides guidance for the auditory presentation of information controlled
by software, irrespective of the device. It includes specific properties such as the syntactic
or semantic aspects of information, e.g. coding techniques, and gives provisions for the
organization of information taking account of human perception and memory capabilities.
The main clauses are:
— Appropriate usage guidance (9 recommendations, 1 page)
— Auditory presentation (22 recommendations, 3 pages)
— Auditory dimensions (52 recommendations, 6 pages)
— Speech (29 recommendations, 4 pages)
— Earcons (8 recommendations, 1 page)
— Coding (24 recommendations, 2 pages)
— Warnings (15 recommendations, 2 pages)
Earcons are non-verbal audio messages used in the user-computer interface to provide
information to the user about some computer object, operation, or interaction.
Sample 1 Clause 5, Appropriate usage recommendations: Recommendation 5.3 Inability to maintain
visual attention
If the task prevents the user from maintaining focus on a visual display, then information
should be presented aurally.
EXAMPLE If users are required to move continually, they may not be able to look often
enough at a stationary display, and if the task requires the users to use both hands, portable
displays may not be practical either.
Sample 2 Clause 7.1, Auditory dimensions – Pitch: Recommendation 7.1.7 Harmonicity for pitch
identification
Inharmonic tones should not be used for any task requiring pitch identification.
EXAMPLE Users are unlikely to be able to identify the pitch of a click or a percussive
drum sample. Truly inharmonic sounds do not have a discernable pitch.
Sample 3 Clause 8.2, Speech – General speech presentation recommendations: Recommendation
8.2.4 Pre-processing
To improve speech intelligibility in high-noise environments, speech should be pre-processed
with 3 dB/octave boost or peak clipping so that consonant sounds are more detectable.
NOTE Consonant sounds are more easily masked than vowel sounds because they have
lower power, shorter durations, and higher frequencies.
Contents 33 pages. Includes
— Table of contents (4 pages)
— Seven clauses with 159 recommendations (19 pages)
— Bibliography (3 pages).
Relations This standard is intended to be used together with ISO 9241-110 and ISO 9241-112, which
focus on general ergonomic design of interactive systems.
ISO/TS 9241-126 discusses auditory design while ISO 9241-125 discusses visual design.
Keywords Auditory information, speech, earcons
5.8 ISO 9241-129:201 0
Title Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 129: Guidance on software individualization
ISO/TR 9241-100:2023(E)
Abstract This standard provides guidance on the application of software individualization in order
to achieve as high a level of usability as possible. Thus, it addresses individualization as the
modification of interaction and presentation of information to suit individual capabilities
and needs of users. Individualization enables support of a wide range of users, tasks, and
contexts of use. It is particularly useful in increasing accessibility, which is discussed in
ISO 9241-171.
The main clauses are:
— General guidance on individualization (16 recommendations, 3 pages)
— Stages of individualization (7 recommendations, 1 page)
— Configuration, settings and default (36 recommendations, 5 pages)
— Supporting individual users (19 recommendations, 4 pages)
— Individualizing interface components (17 recommendations, 4 pages)
— Individualizing interaction activities (9 recommendations, 2 pages)
— Individualizing content (8 recommendations, 1 page)
This standard does not require the use of individualization but does provide guidance on
how to implement individualization in a manner that improves its usability.
Sample 1 Clause 6.2. General guidance on individualization – Controllability: Recommendation 3
Control of use of individualization features
Where the use of an individualization feature might result in usability problems, the system
should notify the user of the potential problem(s) and allow the user to accept or reject
the individualization, or to select between various possibilities that could result from the
individualization.
EXAMPLE Where an individualization feature could change both the foreground and back-
ground colour to the same value, the user is warned that the result will be unreadable and
is asked whether or not to allow this change.
Sample 2 Clause 8.2. Configuration, settings and defaults – Usability of configuration and reconfig-
uration: Recommendation 3 Minimizing the need of configuration
The need to perform configuration should be kept to a minimum.
NOTE It is preferable that software can be used without requiring initial configuration.
Contents 58 pages. Includes
— Table of contents (4 pages)
— Seven clauses with 112 recommendations (19 pages)
— Annex A. Overview of the ISO 9241 series (1 page)
— Annex B. Factors to consider when designing individualizations (7 pages)
— Annex C. Checklist for ISO 9241-129) (13 pages)
— Bibliography (3 pages)
Relations This standard elaborates the interaction principle “Suitability for individualization” in
ISO 9241-110. This standard is particularly useful in increasing accessibility, which is
discussed in ISO 9241-171.
Keywords Individualization of software
5.9 ISO 9241-143:201 2
Title Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 143: Forms
ISO/TR 9241-100:2023(E)
Abstract This standard provides guidance for the design and evaluation of forms – in which the user
fills in, selects entries for, or modifies labelled fields on, a “form” or dialogue box presented
by the system. Often, the system then creates or updates the data associated with the form.
Form-based entries typically are in the form of typed input (abbreviations or full names)
or selections from available option lists.
The main clauses are:
— Forms (13 recommendations, 2 pages)
— Information presentation (35 recommendations, 7 pages)
— Interaction (77 recommendations, 14 pages)
— Validation (2 recommendations, 1/2 page)
— Choice of form elements (16 recommendations, 9 pages)
— Form element design (67 recommendations, 12 pages)
Sample Clause 4.2. Forms – General requirements and recommendations: Recommendation 1
Form titles
Forms shall be titled unless a title would be redundant (e.g. provided by surrounding user
interface). Any title shall clearly indicate the purpose of the form and differentiate it from
other forms.
NOTE 1 In visually displayed forms, titles are usually placed at the top of the form (or page
in the case of a web-based application).
NOTE 2 In window-based interfa
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