EN 54-31:2014

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2015
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Fire detection and fire alarm system - Part 31: Multi-sensor fire detectors - Point
detectors using a combination of smoke, carbon monoxide and optionally heat sensors
Brandmeldeanlagen - Teil 31: Mehrfachsensor-Brandmelder-Punktförmige Melder mit
Kombinierten Rauch-, CO-und optionalen Wärmesensoren
Systèmes de détection et d'alarme incendie - Partie 31 : Détecteurs d'incendie
multicapteurs - Détecteurs ponctuels combinant l'utilisation de capteurs de fumée, de
capteurs de monoxyde de carbone et éventuellement de capteurs de chaleur
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 54-31:2014
ICS:
13.220.20 3RåDUQD]DãþLWD Fire protection
13.320 Alarmni in opozorilni sistemi Alarm and warning systems
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 54-31
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2014
ICS 13.220.20
English Version
Fire detection and fire alarm system - Part 31: Multi-sensor fire
detectors - Point detectors using a combination of smoke,
carbon monoxide and optionally heat sensors
Systèmes de détection et d'alarme incendie - Partie 31: Brandmeldeanlagen - Teil 31: Mehrfachsensor-
Détecteurs d'incendie multicapteurs - Détecteurs ponctuels Brandmelder - Punktförmige Melder mit kombinierten
combinant l'utilisation de capteurs de fumée, de capteurs Rauch-, CO- und optionalen Wärmesensoren
de monoxyde de carbone et éventuellement de capteurs de
chaleur
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 October 2014.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 54-31:2014 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .6
Introduction .8
1 Scope .9
2 Normative references .9
3 Terms and definitions . 10
4 Requirements . 10
4.1 General . 10
4.2 Categorization . 10
4.3 Nominal activation conditions/sensitivity . 11
4.3.1 Individual alarm indication . 11
4.3.2 Response to slowly developing fires, aging and contamination . 11
4.3.3 Rate sensitive CO response . 11
4.3.4 Repeatability of smoke response. 11
4.3.5 Directional dependence of smoke response . 12
4.3.6 Repeatability of CO response . 12
4.3.7 Directional dependence of CO response . 12
4.3.8 Directional dependence of heat response . 12
4.3.9 Lower limit of heat response . 12
4.3.10 Reproducibility of smoke response . 12
4.3.11 Reproducibility of CO response . 12
4.3.12 Reproducibility of heat response . 12
4.3.13 Air movement . 12
4.3.14 Dazzling . 12
4.4 Operational reliability . 13
4.4.1 Connection of ancillary devices . 13
4.4.2 Monitoring of detachable detectors . 13
4.4.3 Manufacturer's adjustments . 13
4.4.4 On-site adjustment of response behaviour . 13
4.4.5 Protection against the ingress of foreign bodies . 13
4.4.6 Software controlled detectors . 13
4.4.7 Long term stability . 15
4.5 Tolerance to supply parameters - Variation in supply parameters . 15
4.6 Performance parameters under fire conditions - Fire sensitivity . 15
4.7 Durability of nominal activation conditions/sensitivity . 15
4.7.1 Temperature resistance . 15
4.7.2 Humidity resistance . 15
4.7.3 Shock and vibration resistance . 16
4.7.4 Electrical stability - EMC, immunity (operational) . 16
4.7.5 Resistance to chemical agents . 16
4.8 Detector sensitivity to single fire phenomena . 16
4.8.1 Sensitivity to smoke . 16
4.8.2 Sensitivity to carbon monoxide . 17
4.8.3 Sensitivity to heat . 17
5 Testing, assessment and sampling methods . 17
5.1 General . 17
5.1.1 Atmospheric conditions for tests . 17
5.1.2 Operating conditions for tests . 17
5.1.3 Mounting arrangements . 17
5.1.4 Tolerances . 17
5.1.5 Measurement of smoke response value . 18
5.1.6 Measurement of CO response value . 19
5.1.7 Measurement of heat response value . 19
5.1.8 Provision for tests . 20
5.1.9 Test schedule . 20
5.2 Nominal activation conditions/sensitivity . 22
5.2.1 Individual alarm indication . 22
5.2.2 Response to slowly developing fires, aging and contamination . 22
5.2.3 Rate sensitive CO response . 23
5.2.4 Repeatability of smoke response . 23
5.2.5 Directional dependence of smoke response . 23
5.2.6 Repeatability of CO response . 24
5.2.7 Directional dependence of CO response . 24
5.2.8 Directional dependence of heat response . 25
5.2.9 Lower limit of heat sensitivity . 25
5.2.10 Reproducibility of smoke response . 26
5.2.11 Reproducibility of CO response . 26
5.2.12 Reproducibility of heat response . 26
5.2.13 Air movement . 27
5.2.14 Dazzling . 28
5.3 Operational reliability . 28
5.3.1 Connection of ancillary devices . 28
5.3.2 Monitoring of detachable detectors . 29
5.3.3 Manufacturer's adjustments . 29
5.3.4 On-site adjustment of behaviour . 29
5.3.5 Protection against the ingress of foreign bodies . 29
5.3.6 Software controlled devices . 29
5.3.7 Long term stability . 29
5.4 Tolerance to supply parameters . 30
5.4.1 Variation in supply parameters . 30
5.5 Performance parameters under fire conditions . 30
5.5.1 Fire sensitivity . 30
5.6 Durability of nominal activation conditions/sensitivity . 33
5.6.1 Temperature resistance . 33
5.6.2 Humidity resistance . 36
5.6.3 Shock and vibration resistance . 41
5.6.4 Electrical stability . 45
5.6.5 Resistance to chemical agents . 47
5.7 Non-response to single fire phenomena . 50
5.7.1 Sensitivity to smoke . 50
5.7.2 Sensitivity to carbon monoxide . 51
5.7.3 Sensitivity to heat . 51
6 Assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) . 52
6.1 General . 52
6.2 Type testing . 52
6.2.1 General . 52
6.2.2 Test samples, testing and compliance criteria . 53
6.2.3 Test reports . 53
6.3 Factory production control (FPC) . 53
6.3.1 General . 53
6.3.2 Requirements . 54
6.3.3 Product specific requirements . 56
6.3.4 Initial inspection of factory and FPC . 57
6.3.5 Continuous surveillance of FPC . 57
6.3.6 Procedure for modifications . 58
6.3.7 One-off products, pre-production products, (e.g. prototypes) and products produced in

very low quantities. 58
7 Classification and designation . 59
8 Marking, Labelling and Packaging . 59
Annex A (normative) Smoke tunnel for smoke response values . 60
Annex B (normative) Test aerosol for smoke response value measurements. 61
Annex C (normative) Smoke measuring instruments . 62
C.1 Obscuration meter . 62
C.2 Measuring ionization chamber (MIC) . 62
Annex D (normative) Gas test chamber for CO response threshold value and cross-sensitivity to

chemical agents . 66
Annex E (normative) Heat tunnel for heat response value . 67
Annex F (normative) Measuring instruments for CO . 68
F.1 General . 68
F.2 CO measuring instrument . 68
Annex G (informative) Establishing exposure levels of chemical agents . 69
G.1 General . 69
G.2 Establishing concentration of chemical agents for test gases 1 to 9 of 5.6.5.3 . 69
G.3 Verification of test chamber leakage . 69
G.4 Establishing concentration of ozone . 69
Annex H (normative) Apparatus for dazzling test . 70
Annex I (informative) Apparatus for impact test . 72
Annex J (normative) Fire test room . 74
Annex K (normative) Open wood fire (TF1) . 76
K.1 Fuel . 76
K.2 Arrangement . 76
K.3 Method of ignition . 76
K.4 Variables . 76
K.5 End-of-test condition . 76
K.6 Test validity criteria . 76
Annex L (normative) Smouldering (pyrolysis) wood fire (TF2) . 80
L.1 Fuel . 80
L.2 Hotplate . 80
L.3 Arrangement . 80
L.4 Heating rate . 80
L.5 End-of-test condition . 80
L.6 Test validity criteria . 80
Annex M (normative) Glowing smouldering cotton fire (TF3) . 85
M.1 Fuel . 85
M.2 Arrangement . 85
M.3 Ignition . 86
M.4 End-of-test condition . 86
M.5 Test validity criteria . 87
Annex N (normative) Open plastics (polyurethane) fire (TF4) . 90
N.1 Fuel . 90
N.2 Conditioning . 90
N.3 Arrangement . 90
N.4 Ignition . 90
N.5 Method of ignition . 90
N.6 End-of-test condition . 90
N.7 Test validity criteria . 90
Annex O (normative) Liquid (heptane) fire (TF5) . 93
O.1 Fuel . 93
O.2 Arrangement . 93
O.3 Ignition . 93
O.4 End-of-test condition . 93
O.5 Test validity criteria . 93
Annex P (normative) Low temperature black smoke (decalene) liquid fire (TF8) . 96
P.1 Fuel . 96
P.2 Arrangement . 96
P.3 Ignition . 96
P.4 End-of-test condition . 96
P.5 Test validity criteria . 96
Annex Q (informative) Information concerning the construction of the smoke tunnel . 99
Annex R (informative) Information concerning the construction of the gas test chamber . 102
Annex S (informative) Construction of the heat tunnel . 104
Annex T (informative) Information concerning test procedures and requirements for response to

slowly developing fires, aging and contamination . 107
Annex U (informative) Information concerning the construction of the measuring ionization

chamber . 111
Bibliography . 113

Foreword
This document (EN 54-31:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 72 “Fire detection and
fire alarm systems”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2015 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by December 2017.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
EN 54, Fire detection and fire alarm systems, consists of the following parts:
— Part 1: Introduction
— Part 2: Control and indicating equipment
— Part 3: Fire alarm devices – Sounders
— Part 4: Power supply equipment
— Part 5: Heat detectors – Point detectors
— Part 7: Smoke detectors – Point detectors using scattered light, transmitted light or ionization
— Part 10: Flame detector – Point detectors
— Part 11: Manual call points
— Part 12: Smoke detectors – Line detector using an optical light beam
— Part 13: Compatibility assessment of system components
— Part 14: Technical Specification: Guidelines for planning, design, installation, commissioning, use and
maintenance
— Part 16: Voice alarm control and indicating equipment
— Part 17: Short circuit isolators
— Part 18: Input/output devices
— Part 20: Aspirating smoke detectors
— Part 21: Alarm transmission and fault warning routing equipment
— Part 22: Resettable Line-type heat detectors
— Part 23: Fire alarm devices – Visual alarms
— Part 24: Components of voice alarm systems – Loudspeakers
— Part 25: Components using radio links and system requirements
— Part 26: Point fire detectors using carbon monoxide sensors
— Part 27: Duct smoke detectors
— Part 28: Non-resettable (digital) line type heat detectors
— Part 29: Point detectors using a combination of smoke and heat sensors
— Part 30: Point detectors using a combination of carbon monoxide and heat sensors
— Part 31: Point detectors using a combination of smoke, carbon monoxide and optionally heat sensors
— Part 32: Guidelines for the planning, design, installation, commissioning, use and maintenance of voice
alarm systems
NOTE This list includes standards that are in preparation and other standards may be added. For current status of
published standards refer to www.cen.eu.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
Multi-sensor fire detectors using a combination of smoke, carbon monoxide and optionally heat sensors
complying with this document are general purpose fire detectors. Multi-sensor detectors can be used to
achieve
— a high stability against deceptive phenomena,
— a response to a broad range of fires.
Compared to the standards for single phenomenon detectors, additional environmental requirements were
included to demonstrate a higher stability.
Different categories are introduced to distinguish between different detector behaviour and to identify
detectors or detector settings including the signal of an optional heat sensor.
For detectors or detector settings of the categories M (without heat sensor) and MT (with heat sensor)
requirements apply to demonstrate that the detector is capable of withstanding the presence of a high level of
a single fire phenomenon alone without giving a fire alarm.
For detectors or detector settings of the categories N (without heat sensor) and NT (with heat sensor) no
requirements apply regarding the release of a fire alarm caused by the exposure to a single fire phenomenon
alone.
The response to a broad range of fires is shown by including the test fires TF1 and TF8 in addition to the test
fires TF2 to TF5 which are used for detectors complying with EN 54-7.
The performance of single sensor components of a multi-sensor detector need not comply with the standards
for single phenomena fire detectors (EN 54-5, EN 54-7, EN 54-26) however the combined performance does
need to meet the requirements of this standard.
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies requirements, test methods and performance criteria for point-type multi-
sensor fire detectors for use in fire detection and fire alarm systems installed in and around buildings (see
EN 54-1:2011), incorporating in one mechanical enclosure at least one optical or ionization smoke sensor and
at least one carbon monoxide (CO) sensor and optionally one or more heat sensors, utilizing the combination
of the detected phenomena. This European Standard covers only modes of operation, where at least the
signals of both smoke and carbon monoxide sensors are continuously evaluated.
This European Standard provides for the assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) of
point detectors using a combination of smoke, carbon monoxide and optionally heat sensors to this EN.
Point detectors using a combination of smoke, carbon monoxide and optionally heat sensors, which are
having special characteristics suitable for the detection of specific fire risks are not covered by this European
Standard. The performance requirements for any additional functions are beyond the scope of this standard
(e.g. additional features or enhanced functionality for which this European Standard does not define a test or
assessment method).
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 54-1:2011, Fire detection and fire alarm systems — Part 1: Introduction
EN 54-5:2000, Fire detection and fire alarm systems — Part 5: Heat detectors — Point detectors
EN 54-5:2000/A1:2002, Fire detection and fire alarm systems — Part 5: Heat detectors — Point detectors
EN 50130-4:2011, Alarm systems — Part 4: Electromagnetic compatibility — Product family standard:
Immunity requirements for components of fire, intruder, hold up, CCTV, access control and social alarm
systems
EN 60068-1:1994, Environmental testing ― Part 1: General and guidance (IEC 60068-1:1988)
EN 60068-2-1:2007, Environmental testing ― Part 2-1: Tests ― Test A: Cold (IEC 60068-2-1:2007)
EN 60068-2-2:2007, Environmental testing ― Part 2-2: Tests ― Test B: Dry heat (IEC 60068-2-2:2007)
EN 60068-2-6:2008, Environmental testing ― Part 2-6: Tests ― Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal) (IEC 60068-2-
6:2008)
EN 60068-2-27:2009, Environmental testing ― Part 2-27: Tests ― Test Ea and guidance: Shock (IEC 60068-
2-27:2009)
EN 60068-2-30:2005, Environmental testing ― Part 2-30: Tests ― Test Db: Damp heat, cyclic (12 h + 12 h
cycle) (IEC 60068-2-30:2005)
EN 60068-2-42:2003, Environmental testing ― Part 2-42: Tests ― Test Kc: Sulphur dioxide test for contacts
and connections (IEC 60068-2-42:2003)
EN 60068-2-78:2001, Environmental testing ― Part 2-78: Tests ― Test Cab: Damp heat, steady state
(IEC 60068-2-78:2001)
ISO 209:2007, Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Chemical composition
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 54-1:2011 and the following apply.
3.1
non-volatile memory
memory elements which do not require the presence of an energy source for the retention of their contents
3.2
site specific data
alterable data required for the detector to operate in a defined detector configuration
3.3
smoke response value
aerosol density in the proximity of a test specimen at the moment that it generates a reference signal in a
smoke tunnel
3.4
heat response value
temperature in the proximity of a test specimen at the moment that it generates a reference signal in a heat
tunnel
3.5
CO response value
CO concentration in the proximity of the specimen at the moment that it generates a reference signal in a gas
test chamber
Note 1 to entry: The CO response value may depend on signal processing in the detector and in the control and
indicating equipment.
3.6
sensor
transducer, which is assigned to be receptive to one fire phenomenon and converts its information into an
electrical output
4 Requirements
4.1 General
In order to comply with this standard, the detector shall meet the requirements of this clause, which shall be
verified by visual inspection or engineering assessment or shall be tested as described in Clause 5 and shall
meet the requirements of the tests.
4.2 Categorization
The manufacturer shall state the category of the detector or of each setting of the detector, in case the
detector has several settings to be tested.
The following four categories can be declared: M, N, MT, NT.
Category M
Category M identifies detectors or detector settings not using a heat sensor. Category M detectors or detector
settings are intended to withstand high levels of a single fire phenomenon without giving a fire alarm. The
requirements of 4.8.1 and 4.8.2 apply to category M.
Category MT
Category MT identifies detectors or detector settings using a heat sensor. Category MT detectors or detector
settings are intended to withstand high levels of a single fire phenomenon without giving a fire alarm. The
requirements of 4.8.1, 4.8.2 and 4.8.3 apply to category MT.
Category N
Category N identifies detectors or detector settings not using a heat sensor, Category N detectors or detector
settings may give a fire alarm in presence of a single fire phenomenon. The requirements of 4.8 do not apply.
Category NT
Category NT identifies detectors or detector settings using a heat sensor, Category NT detectors or detector
settings may give a fire alarm in presence of a single fire phenomenon. The requirements of 4.8 do not apply.
NOTE Additional requirements related to the heat sensor apply for detectors or detector settings of the categories NT
and MT. These requirements are defined in 4.3.8, 4.3.9 and 4.3.12.
4.3 Nominal activation conditions/sensitivity
4.3.1 Individual alarm indication
The detector shall be provided with an integral red visual indicator, by which the individual detector that
released an alarm, can be identified, until the alarm condition is reset. Where other conditions of the detector
can be visually indicated, they shall be clearly distinguishable from the alarm indication, except when the
detector is switched into a service mode. For detachable detectors, the indicator may be integral with the base
or the detector head. The visual indicator shall be visible from a distance of 6 m directly below the detector, in
an ambient light intensity up to 500 lux when assessed as described in 5.2.1.
NOTE The alarm condition is reset manually at the control and indicating equipment (see EN 54.2:1997 as amended
by EN 54–2:1997/A1:2006).
4.3.2 Response to slowly developing fires, aging and contamination
The detector may incorporate provision for “drift compensation”, for example to compensate for sensor drift
due to the build up of dirt in the detector, If such drift compensation is included, then it shall not lead to a
significant reduction in the detector's sensitivity to slowly developing fires when assessed as specified in 5.2.2.
4.3.3 Rate sensitive CO response
The CO response value of the detector may depend on the rate of change of CO concentration in the vicinity
of the detector. Such behaviour may be incorporated in the detector design to improve the discrimination
between ambient CO levels and those generated by a fire. If such rate sensitive behaviour is included then it
shall not lead to a significant reduction in the detector’s sensitivity to fires, nor to a significant increase in the
probability of false alarm when assessed as specified in 5.2.3.
4.3.4 Repeatability of smoke response
The detector shall have stable behaviour with respect to its sensitivity to smoke after a number of alarm
conditions. To confirm this, the detector shall be assessed in accordance with 5.2.4.
4.3.5 Directional dependence of smoke response
The sensitivity of the detector to smoke shall not be unduly dependent on the direction of airflow around it. To
confirm this, the detector shall be assessed in accordance with 5.2.5.
4.3.6 Repeatability of CO response
The detector shall have stable behaviour with respect to its sensitivity to CO after a number of alarm
conditions. To confirm this, the detector shall be assessed in accordance with 5.2.6.
4.3.7 Directional dependence of CO response
The sensitivity of the detector to CO shall not be unduly dependent on the direction of airflow around it. To
confirm this, the detector shall be assessed in accordance with 5.2.7.
4.3.8 Directional dependence of heat response
If categorized as category MT or NT detector, the heat sensitivity of the detector shall not be unduly
dependent on the direction of airflow around it. To confirm this, the detector shall be assessed in accordance
with 5.2.8.
4.3.9 Lower limit of heat response
If categorized as category MT or NT detector, the detector shall not be more sensitive to heat alone, without
the presence of smoke or CO or both, than is permitted in EN 54-5:2000 as amended by
EN 54-5:2000/A1:2002. To confirm this, the detector shall be assessed in accordance with 5.2.9.
4.3.10 Reproducibility of smoke response
The sensitivity of the detector to smoke shall not vary unduly from specimen to specimen. To confirm this, the
detector shall be assessed in accordance with 5.2.10.
4.3.11 Reproducibility of CO response
The sensitivity of the detector to CO shall not vary unduly from specimen to specimen. To confirm this, the
detector shall be assessed in accordance with 5.2.11.
4.3.12 Reproducibility of heat response
If classified as class MT or NT detector, the heat sensitivity of the detector shall not vary unduly from
specimen to specimen. To confirm this, the detector shall be assessed in accordance with 5.2.12.
4.3.13 Air movement
The sensitivity of the detector shall not be unduly affected by the rate of the airflow and that it is not unduly
prone to false alarms in draughts or in sh
...