CEN/TR 15840:2009

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2009
Ovrednotenje skladnosti za elektrofiltrski pepel - Smernice za uporabo EN 450-2
Evaluation of conformity of fly ash for concrete - Guidelines for the application of EN 450-
Bewertung der Konformität von Flugasche für Beton - Leitlinien für die Anwendung von
EN 450-2
Evaluation de la conformité de cendres volantes pour béton - Guide pour l'application de
EN 450-2
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 15840:2009
ICS:
91.100.30 Beton in betonski izdelki Concrete and concrete
products
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/TR 15840
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
January 2009
ICS 91.100.30
English Version
Evaluation of conformity of fly ash for concrete - Guidelines for
the application of EN 450-2
Evaluation de la conformité de cendres volantes pour le Bewertung der Konformität von Flugasche für Beton -
béton - Guide pour l'application de l'EN 450-2 Leitlinien für die Anwendung von EN 450-2
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 18 November 2008. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 104.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 15840:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents
Foreword .4
Introduction .5
1 Scope .6
2 Normative references .6
3 Terms and definitions .6
3.1 Specific definitions .6
3.2 General definitions .8
4 Tasks for the producer .9
4.1 Factory production control .9
4.2 Internal quality control . 13
4.3 Autocontrol testing of samples . 16
5 Tasks fro the certification body . 19
5.1 General . 19
5.2 Surveillance, assessment and acceptance of the production control . 19
5.3 Evaluation of the results of autocontrol testing of samples . 21
5.4 Audit testing of samples taken at the production plant/depot and initial type testing . 24
5.5 Initial inspection of the production plant and the production control . 27
5.6 Evaluation of test results during the initial period . 29
6 Actions in the event of non-conformity . 30
6.1 Actions to be taken by the producer . 30
6.2 Actions to be taken by the certification body . 30
7 Procedure for third party certification of conformity . 31
8 Certificate of conformity and conformity mark . 34
8.1 Indication of conformity . 34
8.2 Certificate of conformity . 36
8.3 Conformity mark . 36
9 Requirements for dispatching centres . 37
9.1 General requirements . 37
9.2 Tasks for the intermediary . 37
9.3 Tasks for the third party . 38
Annex A (normative) Evaluation of the representativeness and the accuracy of the fineness test
results . 41
A.1 General . 41
A.2 Sets of results considered . 41
A.3 Evaluation procedure . 41
Annex B (informative) General definitions . 44
B.1 Definitions based on the Construction Products Directive . 44
B.2 Definitions from or based on EN 45020 . 44
B.3 Definition from EN ISO 9000 . 44
B.4 Definitions from EN 197-1 and EN 196-7 . 45
Bibliography . 46

1 The numbering and headings of clauses follow those in EN 450-2:2005.
Tables
Table 1 — Actions to be taken by the certification body in the event of non-conformity of the
results of autocontrol and/or audit testing . 39
Table 2 — Confirmation and audit testing of samples of certified fly ash taken at dispatching
a
centres: properties and minimum testing frequencies . 40
Table A.1 — Symbols . 42

Figures
Figure 1 — Typical sequence of evaluations of the autocontrol test results for fly ash (control
period 12 months, based on the minimum frequency of two evaluations per year) . 22
Figure 2 — Typical evaluations of autocontrol test results (see 5.3.4). 23

Foreword
This document (CEN/TR 15840:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104 “Concrete
and related products”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Introduction
The purpose of this Guidelines Document is to provide explanatory detail on points not fully
elaborated in EN 450-2:2005 "Fly ash for concrete – Part 2: Conformity evaluation". It is intended for
use by producers and by certification bodies involved in the certification of fly ash following EN 450-1
and EN 450-2, in particular for the issuing of an EC Certificate of Conformity.
This document does not deal with the necessary internal procedures that the certification bodies will
have.
It is an objective of this Guidelines Document that its use will assist in the establishment of
equivalent procedures for certification of fly ash. It is expected that, following this document,
traditional good procedures and practices that may be different can continue to be used, provided
that they are not in contradiction with
EN 450-1:2005 and EN 450-2. Such existing good procedures and practices, applied in conjunction
with these Guidelines, are not considered to be an impediment to the achievement of the uniform
level of certification throughout Europe, and by different certification bodies that is expected from the
application of EN 450-2 together with these Guidelines.
This Guidelines Document is based on existing situations for production, evaluation of conformity
and certification of fly ashes. It may happen that certification bodies be confronted by a situation
different to those included in this document. In such a case, specific procedures should be
elaborated on a case by case situation and be approved and fully recorded by the Certification Body.
These specific procedures should always fulfil the requirements of EN 450-1:2005 and EN 450-2 and
lead to the same level of confidence in product conformity that would be achieved by application of
this Guidelines Document.
The clause numbering system of EN 450-2 is followed. The text of each of the clauses of the Standard
is reproduced in full and is followed by guidance, which is provided only for those clauses where
clarification or elaboration is needed.

1 Scope
This document specifies the scheme for the evaluation of conformity of fly ash according to EN 450-1:2005.
The document provides technical rules for the production control by the producer, including autocontrol testing
of samples. It also provides rules for actions to be followed in the event of non-conformity, the procedure for
the certification of conformity and requirements for dispatching centres.
Guidance
EN 450-2 deals with the evaluation of conformity of fly ash submitted for certification. It deals in particular
with cases where “further testing” of the product is undertaken, as is the case for attestation system 1 +
under the Construction Products Directive. The product for which EN 450-2 applies is defined in
EN 450-1:2005 as fly ash for the production of concrete which consists of a fine powder of mainly
spherical, glassy particles, derived from burning of pulverised coal, with or without co-combustion
materials, which has pozzolanic properties.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 196-1, Methods of testing cement — Part 1: Determination of strength
EN 196-7, Methods of testing cement — Part 7: Methods of taking and preparing samples of cement
EN 450-1:2005, Fly ash for concrete — Part 1: Definition, specifications and conformity criteria
EN 450-2:2005, Fly ash for concrete — Part 2: Conformity evaluation
EN 451-2, Method of testing fly ash — Part 2: Determination of fineness by wet sieving
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 Specific definitions
3.1.1
certificate of conformity to EN 450-1:2005
document issued under the rules of a certain scheme for the evaluation of conformity indicating that adequate
confidence is provided that fly ash is in conformity with EN 450-1:2005
Guidance
The term “certificate of conformity” refers to certificates of conformity issued by a certification body under
the rules of EN 450-2. This includes an EC Certificate of Conformity issued in relation to the CPD.
3.1.2
conformity mark
protected mark applied on the basis of the certificate of conformity (see 3.1.1)

Guidance
The term “protected mark” includes registered mark, regulated mark and CE marking.
3.1.3
certified fly ash
fly ash for which a certificate of conformity has been issued
3.1.4
initial period
immediate period after the first issuing of the certificate of conformity for a fly ash
3.1.5
certification body
impartial body, governmental or non-governmental, possessing the necessary competence and responsibility
to carry out conformity certification according to given rules of procedure and management
3.1.6
production control
permanent internal control of fly ash production exercised by the producer consisting of internal quality control
and autocontrol testing
3.1.7
production plant
facility used by a producer for the production of fly ash:
a) power plant with one (several) boiler(s),
b) processing plant, for example for the classification, selection, sieving, drying, blending, grinding
and/or carbon reduction of fly ash(es).
In the production plant, equipment has to be used which is suitable for production of fly ash including the
necessary silo capacity for the storage and dispatch of the fly ash produced, and equipment to test, evaluate
and control the fly ash production. This equipment and the production control applied allow the control of
production with sufficient accuracy to ensure that the requirements of EN 450-1:2005 are met
Guidance
Two categories of production plant are recognised:
 traditional power station facility where fly ash is produced as part of the production of electricity;
 processing plants that may or may not be on a power station facility, where ashes are altered in
some manner.
3.1.8
new production plant
production plant which is not already producing fly ash certified under this scheme
3.1.9
existing production plant
production plant which is already producing fly ash certified under this scheme
3.1.10
depot
bulk fly ash handling facility (not located at the production plant) used for the dispatch of fly ash (whether in
bulk or bagged) after transfer or storage, where the producer has full responsibility for all aspects of the quality
of the fly ash
Guidance
It is important to point out the difference between a depot and a dispatching centre. The difference
consists essentially of the linkage to the production plant and the responsibility for the quality of the fly ash.
In the case of a depot, the facility is strictly linked to the production plant and is included in the production
plant Works’ quality manual. The producer has full responsibility for the quality of the fly ash released from
the depot. In a dispatching centre, in contrast, the facility is not at all linked to the production plant and it is
an intermediary (an entity taking certified fly ash, acting independently and operating between the
producer and a subsequent customer) who has full responsibility for the quality of the fly ash dispatched. A
dispatching centre, being independent from the production plant cannot be included in a Works’ quality
manual, but it has to ensure, using appropriate rules, that the quality of an already certified fly ash does
not undergo any change.
Depots are included in the Works’ quality manual. An entity other than the producer may own and operate
the depot but it does this on behalf of and under the strict quality management responsibility of the
producer.
3.1.11
dispatching centre
bulk fly ash handling facility (not located at the production plant) used for the dispatch of fly ash after transfer
or storage where an intermediary has full responsibility for all aspects of the quality of the fly ash
Guidance
See guidance under 3.1.10 and 9.1.
3.1.12
intermediary
natural or legal person who takes from the producer fly ash certified according to EN 450-2 and bearing the
conformity mark, who undertakes full responsibility for maintaining in a dispatching centre all aspects of the
quality of the fly ash and who supplies the fly ash onwards to a further natural or legal person
3.1.13
confirmation autocontrol testing
continual testing carried out by an intermediary which consists of testing of samples taken by the intermediary
at the point(s) of release from the dispatching centre
3.1.14
works’ quality manual
document that provides information on the production control which is applied by a producer at a particular
production plant to ensure conformity of the fly ash with the requirements of EN 450-1:2005
3.1.15
producer
the operator of the production plant or a person (natural or legal) authorised by the production plant and
named in the certificate of conformity
3.2 General definitions
See Annex B (informative).
4 Tasks for the producer
4.1 Factory production control
4.1.1 Concept
Production control means the permanent internal control of fly ash production exercised by the producer. It
consists of internal quality control (see 4.2) and autocontrol testing of samples of fly ash taken at the point of
release (see 4.3).
NOTE The requirements of EN 450-2 as regards the production control take account of those clauses of
EN ISO 9001 [6] which are relevant to the production, process control and testing of fly ash.
Guidance
The purpose of production control is to ensure that the fly ash is manufactured in a controlled way to meet
all of the requirements of EN 450-1:2005. In order that a certification body can verify such a system, it has
to be documented in a structured way. This is carried out in a Works’ quality manual supported and cross-
referenced by a series of procedures, work instructions and other associated and relevant documents.
These need to be clear, concise and adopt recommended good practices where applicable. The
production control system may form part of a wider, integrated management system provided it can be
demonstrated that all applicable EN 450-2 requirements are addressed. See also the Note in 4.1.2 of the
Standard.
4.1.2 Works' quality manual
The producer's documentation and procedures for the production control shall be described in a Works' quality
manual, which shall adequately describe, among other things:
a) the quality aims and the organisational structure, responsibilities and powers of the responsible staff
with regard to product quality and the means to monitor the achievement of the required product
quality and the effective operation of the internal quality control (see 4.1.3);
b) the production and quality control techniques, processes and systematic actions that will be used
(see 4.2.1, 4.2.3 and 4.3.2);
c) the inspections and tests that will be carried out before, during and after production, and the
frequency with which they will be carried out (see 4.2.2, 4.3.1 and 4.3.3).
The Works' quality manual prepared by the producer for each production plant shall include an adequate
system of documentation (see 4.1.4 and 4.3.4). In case of suitability testing of fly ash from co-combustion of
pulverised coal with certain co-combustion materials according to EN 450-1:2005, the procedure of sampling
shall be documented in agreement with the certification body.
The Works' quality manual shall address and document the procedures operated to ensure that the fly ash
conforms to the technical specifications. The manual may reference associated documents that provide
further details of the autocontrol testing of samples and the internal quality control. For the purpose of this
scheme, the term Works' quality manual shall be considered to include these associated documents.
NOTE In the case of an existing quality management system according to EN ISO 9001 [6], the certification body
may examine if the corresponding quality manual meets all the requirements of EN 450-1:2005 which are relevant to the
production control of fly ash. Provided all the requirements are included, the quality manual may also be applied for the
product certification.
This testing corresponds also to the ‘further testing of samples’ mentioned in Annex III Section 2 point (i) of the
Construction Products Directive 89/106/EEC.
Guidance
The Works’ quality manual is the fundamental document that describes the production control system
operated by the fly ash production plant. It should clearly state the scope of the production control system
and must describe how each of the elements of the system, as outlined in Clauses 4.1 to 4.3.4, are
controlled and maintained.
The Works’ quality manual normally comprises a main document together with associated documents
and technical procedures. All these documents are written in the current language of the production
plant’s country.
To ensure an effective production control system, there needs to be a well defined organisational
structure within the fly ash production plant, showing very clearly the lines of reporting. This is best
achieved by one or more simple diagrams. The manual should list all personnel who can affect quality
within the manufacturing process together with their job titles and refer to a description of their tasks and
responsibilities within the quality function. These should pay particular attention to the level of authority to
check, assess, verify and pass conforming co-combustion materials and product.

Illustrative Example of Responsibilities - For Information Only
Quality Manager
The Quality Manager has two overall responsibilities: to ensure that adequate quality procedures
exist and to ensure that the procedures are carried out. The Quality Manager is responsible to the
producer for:
 the co-ordination, monitoring and updating of the Works’ quality manual procedures;
 ensuring that all personnel at every level are kept informed of working methods, procedures,
specifications and quality targets;
 setting the requirements for process control and supervising their written transmission to the appropriate
personnel;
 assessing the conformity of raw materials to the relevant specifications;
 controlling of off-specification fly ashes and criteria for co-combustion materials;
 the identification and resolution of non-conformities in the production control system;
 supervising the recording and processing of relevant data and consequent approval;
 provide senior personnel with periodic reports on the compliance status of the fly ash.

There needs to be a quality plan for the production of conforming fly ash and whilst it must be recognised that
the plan can take on one of many forms and include such things as process flow charts and control tables, it
must show how each of the parts of the process are connected. There must be a clear indication of where
samples are taken and at what frequency, together with the tests to be applied. Targets and acceptability
criteria should also be documented.
Regarding the Note at the end of 4.1.2, in the case of an existing quality management system in accordance
with EN ISO 9001 [6], it should be clearly stated in the Works’ quality manual that the system is also used for
factory production control according to EN 450-2.
4.1.3 Management systems
4.1.3.1 Quality policy statement
The Works' quality manual shall include a statement by the management of the producer defining its quality
policy, objectives and commitments to the attainment of product quality.
4.1.3.2 Management representative
If the producer is a person authorized by the production plant (see 3.1.15), suitable relations between the
producer and the production plant shall be established and documented in order to ensure that the
requirements of this document are met.
Guidance
The Management Representative should be clearly shown to have the necessary dedication, time and
authority to ensure that fly ash continues to conform to EN 450-1:2005 by the adoption of the
requirements of the documented production control system. As he has the ultimate responsibility for the
effective operation of production control, his responsibilities should at least include maintenance of the
Works’ quality manual, the operation of process and autocontrol and the evaluation of the fly ash data to
EN 450-1:2005 requirements. Effective and unrestricted communication channels to other affected
departments must be open to the management representative to discuss possible problems.
The authority and responsibility for the production control system and the quality assurance of fly ash are
not necessarily held by the same person.
The Works’ quality manual should state to whom the responsibility is transferred in the absence of the
management representative.
4.1.3.3 Internal audits and management review
In order to ensure the continuing suitability and effectiveness of the Work’s quality manual to meet the
requirements of EN 450-1:2005, the producer shall perform at least once per year:
a) internal audits covering the scope of this Clause 4 and 6.1;
b) producer’s management review of the production control, taking into account records of the internal
audits.
Guidance
For audits to be of value, there needs to be evidence that non-conformities raised are progressed to a
satisfactory conclusion and this must be assessed by the management during the review. Reviews should
be conducted to an established formal agenda by a management team and a record made of the findings,
showing actions to be taken and relevant responsibilities. Reviews will need to take account of not only
the internal audits but also of customer complaints.
Audits need to be carried out at an established frequency, procedures and plan, by trained personnel
independent of the area to be audited.
It is essential that internal audits cover all aspects dealt with in the Works’ quality manual.
4.1.3.4 Training
The Works' quality manual shall describe the measures taken to ensure that all the personnel involved in
operations that can affect internal quality control and product quality have appropriate experience or training.
Appropriate records shall be retained.
Guidance
The adequate training of all personnel engaged in quality related matters and forming part of the
production control system is of prime importance. It ensures that the exact skills and level of
understanding are achieved to allow tasks to be carried out correctly and efficiently.
A training plan, covering all the relevant personnel should be available, listing the essential skills and
education required for each element of the task/responsibility to be covered. These need to cover both
technical skills and an understanding of the function and operation of quality systems. The training plan
must be supported by the management and be continuous. It should indicate the minimum educational
level required for each role. Training can be external, as well as internal - details of these should be
recorded.
A separate training plan for new starters will be required to cover induction training.
4.1.4 System of documentation
4.1.4.1 Document control
The management representative of the producer shall be responsible for the control of all documents and data
related to the production control and to this scheme for the evaluation of conformity.
This control shall ensure that the appropriate issues of all documents are available at essential locations; that
obsolete documents are withdrawn and that changes or modifications to any document are effectively
introduced.
A master list shall be established to identify the current version of documents in order to prevent the use of
non-applicable documents.
Guidance
The effectiveness of the production control system relies on the availability and use of correctly updated
documents and data which include the Works’ quality manual, procedures, operating instructions,
technical specifications, plans, flowcharts, test methods and data records. This list is not exhaustive. A
procedure must be available covering the issuing of amendments and updated documents. All documents
should be listed, giving proper identification, issue status and approval, holders and locations and mode
of disposal of previous issues. If previous issues are to be retained, they must be suitably marked to
indicate that they are obsolescent and withdrawn.
The principles of the document control are the same as those of EN ISO 9001 [6], which can therefore be
used as guidelines.
4.1.4.2 Quality records
The producer shall retain records of production control for at least the period required to comply with relevant
legislation.
Guidance
All production control records should be kept for a minimum period of three years and the Works’ quality
manual will identify retention periods and location of all records. Production control records that relate
directly to the finished fly ash should be retained for at least the period necessary to satisfy product
liability legislation and for at least a period of ten years.
All records must be legible, identifiable, retrievable and protected from damage, deterioration or loss.
Where records have been transferred to electronic or optical storage media, suitable back up copies
should be taken.
4.2 Internal quality control
4.2.1 Process control
4.2.1.1 General
The Works' quality manual shall describe the parameters for process planning, process control and testing,
inspection, corrective action, verification, dispatch and the associated records.
Depending on the installation, the following measures shall be provided:
a) in all types of production plants:
1) in-process testing of fly ash properties;
2) silos of adequate capacity for storage of the fly ash produced allowing a proper identification
of the product and giving possibilities of taking spot samples at any time without prior notice;
b) additionally, in production plants using processing facilities:
1) separate and adequate storing facilities for the fly ashes to be processed;
2) controlled proportioning of the fly ashes to be processed in order to achieve the target
properties of the produced fly ash;
3) facilities for adequate homogenisation of fly ash;
4) n-process testing of fly ash properties.
Guidance
Process control should be designed to prevent non-conformities arising. This cannot be achieved by
testing only. To ensure that fly ash complies with EN 450-1:2005, planning of the production process is
required and should address the following:
 a process flow description/diagram to illustrate the important production elements and to show
how each stage is interrelated. This should include all stages covered by the selected scope of
the production control. It should also indicate measurement points, sampling points for the
relevant tests and storage areas;
 targets and control limits (and subsequent actions if these are not met) for each process stage,
which may include parameters that are not included in the product specification standard;
 method and frequency of data collecting and processing;
 procedures to cover 4.2.1 to 4.3.4 with particular reference to those in the cases of changing
conditions such as start/stop operations, fly ash and silo changeovers;
 prevention of contamination of fly ash during production, handling and dispatch.
In following the requirements of EN 450-2, all categories of production plant (see guidance under 3.1.7)
should have, in particular, the following equipment and procedures:
 all types of production plants:
 silo(s) for each fly ash awaiting dispatch;
 adequate testing and control of fly ashes;
 processing plants.
In addition to the equipment and procedure items listed above for all types of production plant, there
should also be:
 separate storage for incoming fly ashes;
 adequate blending and homogenisation equipment and procedures;
 arrangements to ensure that fly ash is produced, supplied and received in accordance with the
requirements of the processing plant for the purpose of designing and blending the final product
and controlling its properties;
 documented procedures showing full traceability and control of the incoming fly ash.
4.2.1.2 Provisions for processing plants
In production plants for the controlled processing of fly ash, for example by classification, selection, sieving,
drying, blending, grinding, and carbon reduction, the relevant information on each consignment of incoming fly
ash and all operating steps in the process shall be documented in the Work’s quality manual by the producer
in agreement with the certification body. The following data shall be at least part of this documentation:
a) the producer and the production location from which the fly ash originates;
b) an acknowledgement that the fly ash is according to 3.2 of EN 450-1:2005;
c) the documented suitability and environmental compatibility as required in EN 450-1:2005, where co-
combustion materials have been used;
d) in case of blending only, the properties of each incoming fly ash shall be controlled on a regular basis
in order to be able to achieve the target properties of the fly ash blend. On each incoming fly ash the
relevant properties listed in Table 2 of EN 450-1:2005, except particle density, activity index, initial
setting time and water requirement should be tested by the supplier of the incoming fly ash. The
minimum testing frequency should be chosen as indicated in Table 2 of EN 450-1:2005, “Routine
situation”, and should be documented in the Work’s quality manual. Each incoming fly ash should
conform to the requirements in Clauses 4 and 5 of EN 450-1:2005 with the exception of loss on
ignition, fineness and variation of fineness;
e) if one of the incoming fly ashes is obtained from co-combustion, then the environmental compatibility
of the blended fly ash shall be proven, as required by 4.3 of EN 450-1:2005.
Guidance
Incoming fly ash should be assessed against a previously agreed specification and will generally involve
sampling and testing. Procedures may include those to establish suitability of different sources of all
incoming fly ashes. If any material is unsatisfactory, there must be an adequate procedure for disposal
and possible controlled use. This is particularly important for off-specification fly ash.
Adequate stocks must be maintained and discrete, protected storage should be available for each
incoming fly ash. The target level values of all incoming fly ashes should be specified and recorded.
4.2.1.3 Provisions for co-combustion materials
In power plants where co-combustion of materials or mixtures of materials, according to Clause 4 of
EN 450-1:2005 is conducted, the following measures shall be ensured:
a) different co-combustion materials shall be stored separately;
b) the proportion of co-combustion material(s) related to pulverised coal used in the boiler shall be
controlled at regular intervals.
Guidance
Adequate facilities should be available for storage of the different co-combustion materials.
The producer shall set down the proportion of co-combustion material(s) related to pulverized coal.
4.2.1.4 Control of off-specification production
The Works' quality manual shall contain procedures to ensure that off-specification production is adequately
managed.
Guidance
It is necessary to make a distinction between the off-specification material within the production process
that has to meet internal specifications fixed by the producer and off-specifications related to the final fly
ash specification required by EN 450-1:2005. The former can be dealt by internal processing e.g.
separate storage and controlled re-use, blending, selection, which is designed to bring them back into
specification. This may not be possible in the latter case, when 4.3.2 will then be invoked.
Procedures should clearly indicate the measure to take, case by case, the identification of the off-
specification products and where they are stored. The responsibility for the control release and re-use of
these materials should be clearly defined and documented.
4.2.2 Measuring and testing
4.2.2.1 Inspection, measuring and test equipment
The equipment for in-process inspection and testing shall be regularly checked and calibrated in accordance
with the procedures and frequencies laid down in the Works' quality manual.
Guidance
All equipment should be uniquely identified and verified to a programme prescribed in the Works’ quality
manual. Equipment used to control and monitor standard properties should be checked and calibrated.
Verification and calibration records should enable verification of the calibration status of the equipment
and that out of specification or calibration should be marked “not for use” and isolated. Verification and
calibration procedures should be documented.
Feeding equipment must be adequately checked and, where relevant, calibrated to ensure that the
percentages of incoming fly ashes meet the requirements of the product specification standard.
4.2.2.2 Inspection and test status
Procedures for the inspection and test status through the stages of production shall be detailed in the Works'
quality manual. These shall include procedures for the control of off-specification intermediate materials.
To ensure that only fly ash conforming to EN 450-1:2005 is conveyed to the silo, samples shall be taken from
appropriate places prior to the silo for certified fly ash in agreement with the certification body. The sampling
places shall be laid down in the Works' quality manual. Spot samples shall be taken for the determination of
fineness and loss on ignition in agreement with the certification body.

Guidance
The quality system and procedures should ensure that all required inspections and tests are carried out.
The system needs to provide a way of showing these have been done and the particular status of
materials at each stage of the process.
4.2.3 Handling, storage, packaging and delivery
The Works' quality manual shall describe the precautions taken for the protection of the quality of the fly ash
while under the responsibility of the producer. It shall include a description of the procedures used at depots.
Delivery documentation shall allow traceability to the production plants, depots or dispatching centres.
Guidance
The means of handling and storage should prevent contamination or deterioration and allow different fly
ashes to remain separate, identifiable and protected through to release from the production plant. Vehicle
inspection, cleaning requirements and loading procedures should be documented in those situations the
producer has the responsibility to maintain the quality of the fly ash during delivery.
The Works’ quality manual should list all the fly ash silos and their contents. Each silo should be
numbered and marked to identify the fly ash. The marking should be placed at any position where it is
required for production, dispatch or inspection purposes. A diagram of silos showing connection points,
delivery and sampling outlets is also required. In the case of bagged fly ash, an adequate procedure
should permit identification and traceability.
Delivery documentation should include at least production plant/depot, quantity, destination and product
designation. Internal quality documentation should include in addition the silo of origin. The delivery
document and/or the marking on the packaging has to meet the requirements of the Annex ZA of
EN 450-1:2005.
A list of the depots associated with the production plant will be held in the Works’ quality manual and the
lines of responsibility clearly shown.
Weighing equipment should be uniquely identified and calibrated to a prescribed programme, and should
carry a corresponding calibration certificate.
4.3 Autocontrol testing of samples
4.3.1 Sampling and testing
The producer shall operate a system of autocontrol testing for each certified fly ash. This system shall be used
to demonstrate conformity to the requirements in Clause 8 of EN 450-1:2005. The properties to be tested, the
testing methods, the minimum frequency of autocontrol testing during routine testing and initial period of
testing and the conformity criteria shall be in accordance with the requirements given in Clause 8 of
EN 450-1:2005. For fly ashes not being dispatched continuously, the frequency of testing and the point of
sampling shall be as specified in the Works' quality manual.
All test data shall be documented.
Guidance
This requirement establishes that it is necessary to ascertain conformity for released fly ash (see
definition in B.4.1) with the criteria contained in the Conformity Criteria clause of EN 450-1:2005.
The sampling plan adopted should take into account all points of release including packaged fly ash and
fly ashes from depots. In the case of fly ashes from depots, the amount of testing should be based on the
proportion of each product dispatched, but having regard to the overall practicality and effectiveness of
the autocontrol testing and the rate of testing specified in EN 450-1:2005. It is essential that samples can
be taken conveniently at any time at the
...