EN 2954-001:2010
(Main)Aerospace series - Macrostructure of titanium and titanium alloy wrought products - Part 001: General requirements
Aerospace series - Macrostructure of titanium and titanium alloy wrought products - Part 001: General requirements
This standard specifies the conditions for the macrographic examination of titanium and titanium alloy bar, section, forging stock and forgings. Specific macrostructures are defined in EN 2954-002.
This standard shall be applied in conjunction with EN material standards and technical specifications, which define the acceptance criteria unless otherwise specified on the order.
Luft- und Raumfahrt - Makrostruktur von geschmiedeten Erzeugnissen aus Titan und Titanlegierungen - Teil 001: Allgemeine Anforderungen
Diese Europäische Norm legt die Bedingungen für die makrographische Untersuchung von Stangen, Profilen,
Schmiedevormaterial und Schmiedestücken aus Titan und Titanlegierungen fest. Typische Makrostrukturen
sind in EN 2954-002 festgelegt.
Die vorliegende Norm muss in Verbindung mit den EN-Werkstoffnormen und technischen Spezifikationen
angewendet werden, die die Annahmekriterien festlegen, sofern nicht anders in der Bestellung festgelegt.
Série aérospatiale - Macrostructure de produits corroyés en titane et en alliages de titane - Partie 001 : Exigences générales
Aeronavtika - Makrostruktura gnetenih izdelkov iz titana in titanovih zlitin - 001. del: Splošne zahteve
Ta standard določa pogoje za makrografsko pregledovanje palic, profilov, materiala za kovanje ter izkovkov iz titana in titanovih zlitin. Posebne makrostrukture so opredeljene v EN 2954-002. Ta standard velja skupaj z EN standardi za materiale in tehnične specifikacije, ki opredeljujejo merila sprejemljivosti, razen če je s sklepom drugače določeno.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 23-Mar-2010
- Withdrawal Date
- 29-Sep-2010
- Technical Committee
- ASD-STAN - Aerospace
- Drafting Committee
- ASD-STAN/D 4 - Metallic
- Current Stage
- 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
- Start Date
- 24-Mar-2010
- Completion Date
- 24-Mar-2010
Relations
- Referred By
EN 4685:2011 - Aerospace series - Titanium Ti10V2Fe3Al - Bars - D < 110 mm - Rm ≥ 1 240 MPa - Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
Overview
EN 2954-001:2010 - Aerospace series - Macrostructure of titanium and titanium alloy wrought products - Part 001: General requirements - is a CEN (European) standard that defines the conditions for macrographic examination of titanium and titanium-alloy bar, section, forging stock and forgings. It sets out sampling, sample preparation, etching and visual examination procedures to ensure consistent, repeatable macrostructure inspection in aerospace supply chains. This part is intended to be applied together with relevant EN material standards and technical specifications that set acceptance criteria.
Key topics and requirements
- Scope: Applies to macrographic examination of titanium and titanium-alloy wrought products. Specific macrostructures are defined in EN 2954-002.
- Sampling
- Sample thickness: minimum 10 mm.
- Direction: samples from bar, section and forging stock shall be cut transverse to the axis unless otherwise agreed.
- Preferable cutting: sawing; avoid cold-worked zones. If abrasive or flame cutting is used, remove the heat affected zone before examination.
- Surface preparation
- Prepare by turning, planing, milling, grinding and/or polishing so the macrostructure is detectable after etching.
- Recommended surface finish: Ra ≤ 2 µm.
- Etchants
- Default etchant: nitric acid + hydrofluoric acid + water.
- Typical mix: 40 vol.% HNO3 (65%) + 8 vol.% HF (40%) + water.
- Equipment and safety: use acid-resistant equipment (e.g., PVC), cover baths when not in use, check composition periodically, and use fume extraction.
- Tarnish removal solution (if required): HNO3, HF, H2O2 and water in specified proportions.
- Macro-etching procedure
- Clean and degrease sample, rinse in running water.
- Etch at ambient temperature until macrostructure is developed.
- Rinse (water ± non-aqueous solvent such as ethanol) and dry.
- Examination
- Visual inspection in daylight or artificial light > 2 000 lux.
- Normally performed without magnification.
Applications
- Used by aerospace manufacturers, forging shops, material suppliers, inspection laboratories, and quality assurance/controlled procurement teams to:
- Verify macrostructure continuity, grain flow and forging integrity.
- Detect macroscopic defects, improper forging practice, or undesirable microstructural features before final heat treatment or machining.
- Ensure conformity to procurement specifications when combined with EN material standards that define acceptance criteria.
Related standards
- EN 2954-002 - Part 002: Macrostructure of bar, section, forging stock and forgings (specific macrostructure definitions).
- Applicable EN material standards and technical specifications that set sampling frequency and acceptance criteria.
Keywords: EN 2954-001:2010, macrostructure, titanium, titanium alloy, macro-etching, aerospace standard, forging inspection, etchant, sample preparation.
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Frequently Asked Questions
EN 2954-001:2010 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Aerospace series - Macrostructure of titanium and titanium alloy wrought products - Part 001: General requirements". This standard covers: This standard specifies the conditions for the macrographic examination of titanium and titanium alloy bar, section, forging stock and forgings. Specific macrostructures are defined in EN 2954-002. This standard shall be applied in conjunction with EN material standards and technical specifications, which define the acceptance criteria unless otherwise specified on the order.
This standard specifies the conditions for the macrographic examination of titanium and titanium alloy bar, section, forging stock and forgings. Specific macrostructures are defined in EN 2954-002. This standard shall be applied in conjunction with EN material standards and technical specifications, which define the acceptance criteria unless otherwise specified on the order.
EN 2954-001:2010 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 49.025.30 - Titanium. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 2954-001:2010 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 4685:2011, EN 2954-002:2010. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN 2954-001:2010 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Aeronavtika - Makrostruktura gnetenih izdelkov iz titana in titanovih zlitin - 001. del: Splošne zahteveLuft- und Raumfahrt - Makrostruktur von geschmiedeten Erzeugnissen aus Titan und Titanlegierungen - Teil 001: Allgemeine AnforderungenSérie aérospatiale - Macrostructure de produits corroyés en titane et en alliages de titane - Partie 001: Exigences généralesAerospace series - Macrostructure of titanium and titanium alloy wrought products - Part 001: General requirements49.025.30TitanTitaniumICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 2954-001:2010SIST EN 2954-001:2010en01-maj-2010SIST EN 2954-001:2010SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 2954-001
March 2010 ICS 49.025.30 English Version
Aerospace series - Macrostructure of titanium and titanium alloy wrought products - Part 001: General requirements
Série aérospatiale - Macrostructure de produits corroyés en titane et en alliages de titane - Partie 001 : Exigences générales
Luft- und Raumfahrt - Makrostruktur von geschmiedeten Erzeugnissen aus Titan und Titanlegierungen - Teil 001: Allgemeine Anforderungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 February 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
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B-1000 Brussels © 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 2954-001:2010: ESIST EN 2954-001:2010
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