EN ISO 16890-2:2022

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 16890-2:2017
Zračni filtri pri splošnem prezračevanju - 2. del: Merjenje frakcijske učinkovitosti in
odpornosti proti toku zraka (ISO 16890-2:2022)
Air filters for general ventilation - Part 2: Measurement of fractional efficiency and air flow
resistance (ISO 16890-2:2022)
Luftfilter für die allgemeine Raumlufttechnik - Teil 2: Ermittlung des
Fraktionsabscheidegrades und des Durchflusswiderstandes (ISO 16890-2:2022)
Filtres à air de ventilation générale - Partie 2: Mesurage de l'efficacité spectrale et de la
résistance à l'écoulement de l'air (ISO 16890-2:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 16890-2:2022
ICS:
91.140.30 Prezračevalni in klimatski Ventilation and air-
sistemi conditioning systems
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 16890-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
August 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 91.140.30 Supersedes EN ISO 16890-2:2016
English Version
Air filters for general ventilation - Part 2: Measurement of
fractional efficiency and air flow resistance (ISO 16890-
2:2022)
Filtres à air de ventilation générale - Partie 2: Luftfilter für die allgemeine Raumlufttechnik - Teil 2:
Mesurage de l'efficacité spectrale et de la résistance à Ermittlung des Fraktionsabscheidegrades und des
l'écoulement de l'air (ISO 16890-2:2022) Durchflusswiderstandes (ISO 16890-2:2022)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 July 2022.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 16890-2:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 16890-2:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 142
"Cleaning equipment for air and other gases" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 195
“Cleaning equipment for air and other gases” the secretariat of which is held by UNI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2023, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 16890-2:2016.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 16890-2:2022 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 16890-2:2022 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16890-2
Second edition
2022-07
Air filters for general ventilation —
Part 2:
Measurement of fractional efficiency
and air flow resistance
Filtres à air de ventilation générale —
Partie 2: Mesurage de l'efficacité spectrale et de la résistance à
l'écoulement de l'air
Reference number
ISO 16890-2:2022(E)
ISO 16890-2:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 16890-2:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword . vi
Introduction .viii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Air flow and resistance . 2
3.2 Test device . 2
3.3 Aerosol . 2
3.4 Particle counter . 3
3.5 Efficiency . 3
3.6 Other terms . 4
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms.4
4.1 Symbols . 4
4.2 Abbreviated terms . 6
5 General test requirements . 6
5.1 Test device requirements . 6
5.2 Test device installation . 6
5.3 Test rig requirements . 7
6 Test materials . 7
6.1 Liquid phase aerosol . 7
6.1.1 DiEthylHexylSebacate (DEHS) test aerosol . 7
6.1.2 DEHS properties . 7
6.1.3 Liquid phase aerosol generation . 7
6.2 Solid phase aerosol . 8
6.2.1 Potassium chloride (KCl) test aerosol . 8
6.2.2 KCl properties . 8
6.2.3 Solid phase aerosol generation . 9
6.3 Reference aerosols . 10
6.3.1 Reference aerosol for 0,3 µm to 1,0 µm . 10
6.3.2 Reference aerosol for 1,0 µm to 10,0 µm . . 10
6.4 Aerosol loading . 10
7 Test equipment .11
7.1 Test rig . 11
7.1.1 Dimensions . 11
7.1.2 Construction materials . 11
7.1.3 Test rig shape . 12
7.1.4 Test rig air supply .12
7.1.5 Test rig isolation .12
7.1.6 D/S mixing orifice .12
7.1.7 Aerosol sampling .13
7.1.8 Test rig air flow rate measurement . 15
7.1.9 Resistance to air flow measurement . 15
7.1.10 Test devices not measuring 610 mm × 610 mm (24.0 inches × 24.0 inches) . 16
7.1.11 Dust injection testing . 16
7.2 Aerosol particle counter . . 17
7.2.1 General . 17
7.2.2 OPC sampled size range . 17
7.2.3 OPC particle size ranges . 17
7.2.4 Sizing resolution . 18
7.2.5 Calibration . . . 18
7.2.6 Air flow rate . 18
7.2.7 Zero counting . 18
iii
ISO 16890-2:2022(E)
7.2.8 Dual OPC(s) . 18
7.3 Temperature, relative humidity . 18
8 Qualification of test rig and apparatus .19
8.1 Schedule of qualification testing requirements . 19
8.1.1 General . 19
8.1.2 Qualification testing . 19
8.1.3 Qualification documentation. 19
8.2 Qualification testing . 20
8.2.1 Test rig — Pressure system testing . 20
8.2.2 OPC — Air flow rate stability test . 21
8.2.3 OPC — Zero test . 21
8.2.4 OPC — Sizing accuracy . 21
8.2.5 OPC — Overload test .22
8.2.6 Aerosol generator — Response time . 22
8.2.7 Aerosol generator — Neutralizer . 23
8.2.8 Test rig — Air leakage test . 24
8.2.9 Test rig — Air velocity uniformity . 24
8.2.10 Test rig — Aerosol uniformity . 25
8.2.11 Test rig — Downstream mixing. 26
8.2.12 Test rig — Empty test device section pressure .28
8.2.13 Test rig — 100 % efficiency test and purge time .28
8.2.14 Test rig — Correlation ratio .29
8.3 Maintenance . 29
8.3.1 General .29
8.3.2 Test rig — Background counts .30
8.3.3 Test rig — Reference filter test .30
8.3.4 Test rig — Pressure reference test . 31
8.3.5 Test rig — Final filter resistance . 32
9 Test methods .32
9.1 Air flow rate . 32
9.2 Measurement of resistance to air flow . 32
9.3 Measurement of fractional efficiency . 32
9.3.1 Aerosol sampling protocol . 32
9.3.2 Background sampling . 32
9.3.3 Testing sequence for a single OPC . 33
9.3.4 Testing sequence for dual OPC . 37
10 Data reduction and calculations .38
10.1 Correlation ratio . .38
10.1.1 Correlation ratio general .38
10.1.2 Correlation ratio data reduction .39
10.2 Penetration and fractional efficiency .40
10.2.1 Penetration and fractional efficiency general .40
10.2.2 Penetration data reduction . 41
10.3 Data quality requirements . 43
10.3.1 Correlation background counts . 43
10.3.2 Efficiency background counts . 43
10.3.3 Correlation ratio . 43
10.3.4 Penetration .44
10.4 Fractional efficiency calculation . 45
11 Reporting results .45
11.1 General . 45
11.2 Required reporting elements . 45
11.2.1 Report general . 45
11.2.2 Report values . 45
11.2.3 Report summary .46
11.2.4 Report details . 47
iv
ISO 16890-2:2022(E)
Annex A (informative) Example .50
Annex B (informative) Resistance to air flow calculation .57
Bibliography .59
v
ISO 16890-2:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 142, Cleaning equipment for air and other
gases, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 195, Cleaning equipment for air and other gases, in accordance with the Agreement on technical
cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 16890-2:2016), which has been
technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— definition of light scattering airborne particle counter (LSAPC) has been added in Clause 3;
— rewording of 6.3.1 and removal of 6.3.3 and 6.3.4 eliminating the matching criteria and use of
alternate aerosols;
— in Figure 3, the distance between pressure drop taps and test device (7-8), wrongly indicated as
350 mm has been modified with “≥350 mm”;
— in 7.1.6 and 8.3.3.4, a sentence has been added to specify that the D/S mixing orifice shall not be
installed during resistance to airflow measurement;
— in 7.2.1, aerosol particle counters (APC) and light scattering aerosol particle counter (LSAPC) have
been added as common examples of aerosol particle counter;
— in 7.2.5, the incorrect reference to ISO 21501-4 has been corrected with ISO 21501-1;
— in 10.3.2, “correlation” has been changed to “efficiency” to be consistent with the title of the
subclause;
— in 11.2.3, c), 6), iv), the word “additive” has been changed to “adhesive” to be consistent with the
template of Table 10;
vi
ISO 16890-2:2022(E)
— the example of the test report in Figure A.1 has been updated to match the template report of
Table A.10.
A list of all parts in the ISO 16890 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
vii
ISO 16890-2:2022(E)
Introduction
The effects of particulate matter (PM) on human health have been extensively studied in the past
decades. The results are that fine dust can be a serious health hazard, contributing to or even causing
respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Different classes of PM can be defined according to the
particle size range. The most important ones are PM , PM and PM . The United States Environmental
10 2,5 1
Protection Agency (EPA), the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Union define PM
as PM which passes through a size-selective inlet with a 50 % efficiency cut-off at 10 µm aerodynamic
diameter. PM and PM are similarly defined. However, this definition is not precise if there is no further
2,5 1
characterization of the sampling method and the sampling inlet with a clearly defined separation curve.
In Europe, the reference method for the sampling and measurement of PM is described in EN 12341.
The measurement principle is based on the collection on a filter of the PM fraction of ambient PM and
the gravimetric mass determination (see Reference [10]).
As the precise definition of PM , PM and PM is quite complex and not easy to measure, public
10 2,5 1
authorities, such as the US EPA or the German Federal Environmental Agency (Umweltbundesamt),
increasingly use in their publications the simpler denotation of PM as being the particle size fraction
less or equal to 10 µm. Since this deviation to the above-mentioned complex “official” definition does not
have a significant impact on a filter element’s particle removal efficiency, the ISO 16890 series refers to
this simplified definition of PM , PM and PM .
10 2,5 1
PM in the context of the ISO 16890 series describes a size fraction of the natural aerosol (liquid and solid
particles) suspended in ambient air. The symbol ePM describes the efficiency of an air cleaning device
x
to particles with an optical diameter between 0,3 µm and x µm. The following particle size ranges are
used in the ISO 16890 series for the listed efficiency values as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 — Optical particle diameter size ranges for the definition of the efficiencies, ePM
x
Efficiency Size range, µm
ePM 0,3 ≤ × ≤10
ePM 0,3 ≤ × ≤2,5
2,5
ePM 0,3 ≤ × ≤1
Air filters for general ventilation are widely used in heating, ventilation and air-conditioning
applications of buildings. In this application, air filters significantly influence the indoor air quality
and, hence, the health of people, by reducing the concentration of PM. To enable design engineers and
maintenance personnel to choose the correct filter types, there is an interest from international trade
and manufacturing for a well-defined, common method of testing and classifying air filters according to
their particle efficiencies, especially with respect to the removal of PM. Current regional standards are
applying completely different testing and classification methods, which do not allow any comparison
with each other, and thus hinder global trade with common products. Additionally, the current
industry standards have known limitations by generating results which often are far away from filter
performance in service, i.e. overstating the particle removal efficiency of many products. With the
ISO 16890 series, a completely new approach for a classification system is adopted, which gives better
and more meaningful results compared to the existing standards.
The ISO 16890 series describes the equipment, materials, technical specifications, requirements,
qualifications and procedures to produce the laboratory performance data and efficiency classification
based upon the measured fractional efficiency converted into a particulate matter efficiency (ePM)
reporting system.
Air filter elements according to the ISO 16890 series are evaluated in the laboratory by their ability to
remove aerosol particulate expressed as the efficiency values ePM , ePM and ePM . The air filter
1 2,5 10
elements can then be classified according to the procedures defined in ISO 16890-1. The particulate
removal efficiency of the filter element is measured as a function of the particle size in the range of
0,3 µm to 10 µm of the unloaded and unconditioned filter element as per the procedures defined in this
document. After the initial particulate removal efficiency testing, the air filter element is conditioned
according to the procedures defined in ISO 16890-4 and the particulate removal efficiency is repeated
viii
ISO 16890-2:2022(E)
on the conditioned filter element. This is done to provide information about the intensity of any
electrostatic removal mechanism which can possibly be present with the filter element for test. The
average efficiency of the filter is determined by calculating the mean between the initial efficiency
and the conditioned efficiency for each size range. The average efficiency is used to calculate the ePM
x
efficiencies by weighting these values to the standardized and normalized particle size distribution of
the related ambient aerosol fraction. When comparing filters tested in accordance with the ISO 16890
series, the fractional efficiency values are always compared among the same ePM class (e.g. ePM of
x 1
filter A with ePM of filter B). The test dust capacity and the initial arrestance of a filter element are
determined as per the test procedures defined in ISO 16890-3.
The results from this document can also be used by other standards that define or classify the fractional
efficiency in the size range of 0,3 μm to 10 μm when electrostatic removal mechanism is an important
factor to consider, for example ISO 29461.
The performance results obtained in accordance with the ISO 16890 series cannot by themselves be
quantitatively applied to predict performance in service with regard to efficiency and lifetime.
ix
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16890-2:2022(E)
Air filters for general ventilation —
Part 2:
Measurement of fractional efficiency and air flow
resistance
1 Scope
This document specifies the aerosol production, the test equipment and the test methods used for
measuring fractional efficiency and air flow resistance of air filters for general ventilation.
It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 16890-1, ISO 16890-3 and ISO 16890-4.
The test method described in this document is applicable for air flow rates between 0,25 m /s
3 3 3 3 3
(900 m /h, 530 ft /min) and 1,5 m /s (5 400 m /h, 3 178 ft /min), referring to a test rig with a nominal
face area of 610 mm × 610 mm (24.0 inches × 24.0 inches).
This document refers to particulate air filter elements for general ventilation having an ePM efficiency
less than or equal to 99 % and an ePM efficiency greater than 20 % when tested as per the procedures
defined within the ISO 16890 series.
NOTE The lower limit for this test procedure is set at a minimum ePM efficiency of 20 % since it is very
difficult for a test filter element below this level to meet the statistical validity requirements of this procedure.
This document is not applicable to filter elements used in portable room-air cleaners.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5167-1, Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-
section conduits running full — Part 1: General principles and requirements
ISO 21501-1, Determination of particle size distribution — Single particle light interaction methods — Part
1: Light scattering aerosol spectrometer
ISO 29463-1, High efficiency filters and filter media for removing particles from air — Part 1: Classification,
performance, testing and marking
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
ISO 16890-2:2022(E)
3.1 Air flow and resistance
3.1.1
air flow rate
volume of air flowing through the filter per unit time
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2017, 3.1.24]
3.1.2
resistance to airflow
difference in absolute (static) pressure between two points in an airflow system at specified conditions,
especially when measured across the filter element (3.2.2)
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2017, 3.1.36, modified — “at specified conditions, especially when measured
across the filter element (3.2.2)” has been added.]
3.2 Test device
3.2.1
test device
filter element (3.2.2) being subjected to performance testing
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2017, 3.1.38]
3.2.2
filter element
structure made of the filtering material, its supports and its interfaces with the filter housing
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2017, 3.2.77]
3.2.3
upstream
U/S
area or region from which fluid flows as it enters the test device (3.2.1)
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2017, 3.1.39]
3.2.4
downstream
D/S
area or region into which fluid flows on leaving the test device (3.2.1)
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2017, 3.1.11]
3.3 Aerosol
3.3.1
liquid phase aerosol
liquid particles suspended in a gas
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2017, 3.2.2]
3.3.2
solid phase aerosol
solid particles suspended in a gas
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2017, 3.2.8]
ISO 16890-2:2022(E)
3.3.3
reference aerosol
defined approved aerosol for test measurement within a specific size range
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2017, 3.2.7]
3.4 Particle counter
3.4.1
particle counter
device for detecting and counting numbers of discrete airborne particles present in a sample of air
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2017, 3.2.114]
3.4.2
optical particle counter
OPC
particle counter (3.4.1) which functions by illuminating airborne particles in a sample flow of air,
converting the scattered light impulses to electrical impulse data capable of analysis to provide data on
the number of particles in multiple size intervals
Note 1 to entry: See ISO 21501-1.
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2017, 3.2.119, modified — “particle population and size distribution” has been
replaced for clarity with “the number of particles in multiple size intervals”.]
3.4.3
sampling air flow
volumetric flow rate through the instrument
3.4.4
particle size
p
geometric diameter (equivalent spherical, optical or aerodynamic, depending on context) of the
particles of an aerosol
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2017, 3.2.133]
3.4.5
particle size distribution
presentation, in the form of tables, numbers or graphs, of the experimental results obtained using
a method or an apparatus capable of measuring the equivalent diameter of particles in a sample or
capable of giving the proportion of particles for which the equivalent diameter lies between defined
limits
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2017, 3.2.135]
3.4.6
isokinetic sampling
technique for air sampling such that the probe inlet air velocity is the same as the velocity of the air
surrounding the sampling point
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2017, 3.2.105]
3.5 Efficiency
3.5.1
efficiency
fraction or percentage of a challenge contaminant that is removed by a test device (3.2.1)
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2017, 3.1.12]
ISO 16890-2:2022(E)
3.5.2
fractional efficiency
ability of an air cleaning device to remove particles of a specific size or size range
Note 1 to entry: The efficiency plotted as a function of particle size gives the particle size efficiency spectrum.
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2017, 3.2.59]
3.5.3
penetration
P
ratio of contaminant concentration downstream (3.2.4) of the test device to the upstream (3.2.3)
(challenge) concentration
Note 1 to entry: Penetration is sometimes expressed as a percentage.
Note 2 to entry: Penetration is related to efficiency (E) by the expression: E = (1 – P) × 100 %.
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2017, 3.1.34]
3.5.4
correlation ratio
R
calculation of any potential bias between the upstream (3.2.3) and downstream (3.2.4) sampling systems
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2017, 3.2.33]
3.6 Other terms
3.6.1
HEPA filter
filters with performance complying with requirements of filter class ISO 35 H to ISO 45 H as per
ISO 29463-1
Note 1 to entry: Reference particle filters are laboratory tested for removal efficiency by particle size and/or
resistance to air flow.
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2017, 3.2.84]
3.6.2
reference filter
primary device possessing accurately known parameters used as a standard for calibrating secondary
devices
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2017, 3.1.35, modified — Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
4.1 Symbols
R current radioactivity of the source
a
R radioactivity of the source at date of manufacturer
a0
t time (years)
t half-life time (years)
0,5
C coef
...