EN 975-1:2009

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2009
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SIST EN 975-1:2003
SIST EN 975-1:2003/A1:2003
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Sawn timber - Appearance grading of hardwoods - Part 1: Oak and beech
Schnittholz - Sortierung nach dem Aussehen von Laubholz - Teil 1: Eiche und Buche
Bois sciés - Classement d'aspect des bois feuillus - Partie 1: Chene et hetre
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 975-1:2009
ICS:
79.040 Les, hlodovina in žagan les Wood, sawlogs and sawn
timber
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 975-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2009
ICS 79.040 Supersedes EN 975-1:1995
English Version
Sawn timber - Appearance grading of hardwoods - Part 1: Oak
and beech
Bois sciés - Classement d'aspect des bois feuillus - Partie Schnittholz - Sortierung nach dem Aussehen von Laubholz
1: Chêne et hêtre - Teil 1: Eiche und Buche
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 January 2009.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 975-1:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .3
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .4
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Method of determination of sawn timber quality .5
4.1 Rules for grading .5
4.2 Grading principles .6
4.2.1 Assessment of the quality .6
4.2.2 Cases of un-edged boards .6
4.3 Criteria to be taken into account .6
4.3.1 General .6
4.3.2 Criteria linked to the structure of the timber .7
4.3.3 Sawing characteristics .7
4.3.4 Warp .7
4.3.5 Fungal and insect attacks .7
4.3.6 Stains .7
4.3.7 Other characteristics .8
5 Denomination of grades .8
5.1 General .8
5.2 Oak (Q) .8
5.3 Beech (F) .9
6 Acceptance of batches .9
6.1 Un-edged boards .9
6.2 Square edged timber .9
7 Grading rules .9
7.1 Grading face .9
7.2 Un-edged boards .9
7.2.1 Grading area .9
7.2.2 Presence of a solitary feature (only one) . 10
7.3 Strips and square edged timber . 10
7.3.1 Knots . 10
7.3.2 Other features . 10
7.4 Baulks . 10
7.5 Appearance grading Tables . 11
Bibliography . 35

Foreword
This document (EN 975-1:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 175 “Round and sawn
timber”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by September 2009.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 975-1:1995.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies the rules determining the quality of appearance graded sawn timber. It
describes various grades of temperate hardwood rough sawn timber and regularized timber for which it lays
down denominations and definitions. It also gives rules for composition and acceptance of batches.
This standard gives minimum requirements for each grade classification. Sawn timber not included within
limits given in this standard may be defined, if necessary, by contract specifications established on the basis
of this standard.
This standard applies to grading of green and dried timber. Characteristics apply at the time of grading.
This standard does not apply to the strength grading of structural timber or to sawn timber for pallets.
This standard is applicable to the following products:
a) Oak sawn timber, in the following categories:
1) Un-edged boards: individual selected pieces and boules;
2) Square edged timber and strips (not exceeding 41 mm thickness);
3) Baulks (sum of thickness + width ≥ 200 mm and thickness ≥ 80 mm).
b) Beech sawn timber, in the following categories:
1) Un-edged boards: individual selected pieces and boules;
2) Square edged timber and strips;
3) Prepared timber (dried timber).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 844-1:1995, Round and sawn timber – Terminology – Part 1: General terms common to round timber and
sawn timber
EN 844-3:1995, Round and sawn timber – Terminology – Part 3: General terms relating to sawn timber
EN 844-4:1997, Round and sawn timber – Terminology – Part 4: Terms relating to moisture content
EN 844-6:1997, Round and sawn timber – Terminology – Part 6: Terms relating to dimensions of sawn timber
EN 844-7:1997, Round and sawn timber – Terminology – Part 7: Terms relating to anatomical structure of
timber
EN 844-9:1997, Round and sawn timber – Terminology – Part 9: Terms relating to features of sawn timber
EN 844-10:1998, Round and sawn timber – Terminology – Part 10: Terms relating to stain and fungal attack
EN 844-11:1998, Round and sawn timber – Terminology – Part 11: Terms relating to degrade by insects
EN 844-12:2000, Round and sawn timber – Terminology – Part 12: Additional terms and general index
EN 1310, Round and sawn timber – Method of measurement of features
EN 1311, Round and sawn timber – Method of measurement of biological degrade
EN 1313-2, Round and sawn timber – Permitted deviations and preferred sizes – Part 2: Hardwood sawn
timber
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 844-1:1995, EN 844-3:1995,
EN 844-4:1997, EN 844-6:1997, EN 844-7:1997, EN 844-9:1997, EN 844-10:1998, EN 844-11:1998 and
EN 844-12:2000 and the following apply.
3.1
dried timber
timber with a stipulated reduced moisture content
3.2
green timber
timber that has not been dried to or below the fibre saturation point
NOTE Green timber has a moisture content normally above 30 %.
[EN 844-4:1997]
3.3
width or length reduction
notional decrease in the actual dimensions of a board to exclude features that may subsequently be removed
4 Method of determination of sawn timber quality
4.1 Rules for grading
Hardwood (oak and beech) can be put into grades using the principles laid down in 4.2, the criteria defined in
4.3 and the following tables:
 Table 2 gives rules for grading oak un-edged boards;
 Table 3 gives rules for grading oak strips and square edged timber;
 Table 4 gives rules for grading oak baulks;
 Table 5 gives rules for grading beech un-edged boards;
 Table 6 gives rules for grading beech strips and square edged timber;
 Table 7 gives rules for grading beech prepared timber.
4.2 Grading principles
4.2.1 Assessment of the quality
For individual selected boards and boules grading is made on the faces. For other pieces grading is made on
faces and edges. The size, position and frequency of features, sawing defects and deteriorations are taken
into account. Non-conformity with the conditions applicable to any one of these elements is sufficient to
downgrade the piece.
Dimensional variation is not taken into account for quality grading of the pieces. It is already covered by
EN 1313-2 or by any specific requirements defined contractually.
Only the following categories can be reduced in width and/or length:
 Individual selected boards,
 boules.
4.2.2 Cases of un-edged boards
4.2.2.1 Individual selected boards
No more than 10% of pieces one grade lower than the lowest one stated for the batch is allowed. For mixed
grade batches the minimum proportion of each grade shall be identified.
4.2.2.2 Boules
Recognising the characteristics inherent in a growing tree, a boule may comprise a number of un-edged
boards of different grades.
Proportion of grades allowed within a boule is given in Table 1:
Table 1 — Proportion of grades allowed within one boule
Stated grade
≥ 65%
< 25% One grade lower
Two grades lower
< 10%
Pieces presenting features which are not in conformity with the boule grade shall be graded in accordance
...