ASTM D2243-95(2008)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D2243 − 95 (Reapproved2008)
Standard Test Method for
Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Water-Borne Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope Cycles of freezing and thawing cause more damage to water-
borne coatings than when the coatings are subjected to steady
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for evaluating the
freezing.
effect of freeze/thaw cycling on the viscosity and visual film
properties of water-borne coatings.
5. Apparatus
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
5.1 Test Chamber—A suitable cabinet, room, or enclosure
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
space large enough to contain the specimens to be tested
only.
permitting at least 25 mm (1 in.) of air space between the sides
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of adjacent cans and capable of being maintained continuously
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
at a temperature of −18°C (0°F).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
NOTE1—Althoughavariationofthetestchambertemperatureof 62°C
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
(63.5°F) is allowed, the test chamber temperature should be maintained
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
as near −18°C (0°F) as practicable and the amount of variation should be
recorded and reported.
2. Referenced Documents
5.2 Viscometer—A Stormer viscometer with paddle type
2.1 ASTM Standards:
rotor as described in Test Method D562 or a Brookfield
D562Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring
viscometer as described in Test Methods D2196.
KrebsUnit(KU)ViscosityUsingaStormer-TypeViscom-
5.3 Test Charts—Smooth surface paper charts having adja-
eter
cent black and white areas, and coated with a suitable varnish
D2196Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-
or lacquer to render the surface impermeable to paint liquids.
Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type)
5.4 Paint Brush, 25 mm (1 in.).
Viscometer
5.5 Bar Applicator, with a 0.18-mm (7-mil ) clearance.
3. Summary of Test Method
6. Preparation of Sample and Specimens
3.1 The water-borne coating is put into two pint-size (500-
mL) resin-lined cans. One can is stored at room temperature,
6.1 Prepare specimens for testing by filling 500 mL (1-pt)
while the other can is subjected to cycles of freezing and
resin-lined, friction-top cans two thirds full. Ensure that the
thawing.After cycling, the coating is examined for changes in
bulk sample from which the cans are filled is well stirred and
viscosity and visual film properties.
uniform,thatthecontainersusedareclean,andthatthelidsare
applied promptly to the cans to prevent evaporation losses.
4. Significance and Use
Two such specimens are required for each test.
4.1 When water-borne coatings are shipped during cold
weather, they may experience cycles of freezing and thawing. 7. Exposure to Test Conditions
7.1 Store one can at room temperature and identify this as
the control specimen.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplicationsand is the direct responsibility of
7.2 Place the second can, the paint under test, identified as
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.
the “test specimen”, in the chamber maintained at −18°C (0°F)
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2008.PublishedJune2008Originallyapproved
in such a manner that it does not touch the walls or bottom of
in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D2243–95(2003). DOI:
10.1520/D2243-95R08.
the chamber and so that free circulation of air around it is
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
permitted. The placing of cans on racks that raise them off the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
bottom of the chamber or upon pieces of insulating board
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Docume
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