ASTM D2243-95(2003)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D2243–95(Reapproved2003)
Standard Test Method for
Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Water-Borne Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 5. Apparatus
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for evaluating the 5.1 Test Chamber—A suitable cabinet, room, or enclosure
effect of freeze/thaw cycling on the viscosity and visual film space large enough to contain the specimens to be tested
properties of water-borne coatings. permitting at least 1 in. (25 mm) of air space between the sides
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the of adjacent cans and capable of being maintained continuously
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information at a temperature of −18°C (0°F).
only.
NOTE 1—Althoughavariationofthetestchambertemperatureof 62°C
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
(63.5°F) is allowed, the test chamber temperature should be maintained
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
as near −18°C (0°F) as practicable and the amount of variation should be
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
recorded and reported.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.2 Viscometer—A Stormer viscometer with paddle type
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
rotor as described in Test Method D562 or a Brookfield
viscometer as described in Test Methods D2196.
2. Referenced Documents
5.3 Test Charts—Smooth surface paper charts having adja-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cent black and white areas, and coated with a suitable varnish
D562 TestMethodforConsistencyofPaintsMeasuringthe
or lacquer to render the surface impermeable to paint liquids.
Krebs Units (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Vis-
5.4 Paint Brush, 25 mm (1 in.).
cometer
5.5 Bar Applicator, with a 0.18-mm(7-mil ) clearance.
D2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-
Newtonian Materials By Rotational (Brookfield type)
6. Preparation of Sample and Specimens
Viscometer
6.1 Prepare specimens for testing by filling 500 mL (1-pt)
resin-lined, friction-top cans two thirds full. Ensure that the
3. Summary of Test Method
bulk sample from which the cans are filled is well stirred and
3.1 The water-borne coating is put into two pint-size (500-
uniform,thatthecontainersusedareclean,andthatthelidsare
mL) resin-lined cans. One can is stored at room temperature,
applied promptly to the cans to prevent evaporation losses.
while the other can is subjected to cycles of freezing and
Two such specimens are required for each test.
thawing.After cycling, the coating is examined for changes in
viscosity and visual film properties.
7. Exposure to Test Conditions
7.1 Store one can at room temperature and identify this as
4. Significance and Use
the control specimen.
4.1 When water-borne coatings are shipped during cold
7.2 Place the second can, the paint under test, identified as
weather, they may experience cycles of freezing and thawing.
the “test specimen”, in the chamber maintained at −18°C (0°F)
Cycles of freezing and thawing cause more damage to water-
in such a manner that it does not touch the walls or bottom of
borne coatings than when the coatings are subjected to steady
the chamber and so that free circulation of air around it is
freezing.
permitted. The placing of cans on racks that raise them off the
bottom of the chamber or upon pieces of insulating board
resting on the bottom is suggested. In the case of several test
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplicationsand is the direct responsibility of
specimens, maintain a minimum of 25 mm (1 in.) of air space
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.
between adjacent cans and between cans and the chamber
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