ASTM C1645-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Freeze-thaw and De-icing Salt Durability of Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units
Standard Test Method for Freeze-thaw and De-icing Salt Durability of Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is intended to determine the effects of freezing and thawing on units conforming to the dimensional requirements of Specification C936/C936M while immersed in a test solution. Other types of segmental concrete paving units that do not conform to the dimensional requirements of Specification C936/C936M may be tested using this test method.
3.2 The results from this test method are not intended to provide a quantitative measure of the length of service from concrete paving units conforming to the dimensional requirements of Specification C936/C936M.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method evaluates the resistance to freezing and thawing of solid interlocking concrete paving units conforming to the dimensional requirements of Specification C936/C936M. Units are tested in a test solution that is either tap water or 3 % saline solution, depending on the intended use of the units in actual service.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Inch-pound units are given in parentheses for temperature specification and are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, in any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the use of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitation prior to use.
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Designation: C1645 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Freeze-thaw and De-icing Salt Durability of Solid Concrete
1
Interlocking Paving Units
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1645; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3.2 The results from this test method are not intended to
provide a quantitative measure of the length of service from
1.1 Thistestmethodevaluatestheresistancetofreezingand
concrete paving units conforming to the dimensional require-
thawingofsolidinterlockingconcretepavingunitsconforming
ments of Specification C936/C936M.
to the dimensional requirements of Specification C936/
C936M. Units are tested in a test solution that is either tap
4. Apparatus
water or 3% saline solution, depending on the intended use of
4.1 Freezing-and-Thawing Apparatus—The freezing appa-
the units in actual service.
ratus shall consist of suitable cabinet or cold room with
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
controls to reach and maintain within1hof introduction of
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
specimens an air temperature of −5 6 3°C (23 6 5°F) at all
standard.
locations within the chamber regardless of the number of
1.2.1 Inch-poundunitsaregiveninparenthesesfortempera-
specimensinthechamber.Thethawingchambershallmaintain
ture specification and are for information only.
a controlled air temperature. This temperature shall never be
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
greater than +30°C (86°F).
safety concerns, in any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 Balance—Abalance capable of weighing 500 g with an
responsibility of the use of this standard to establish appropri-
accuracyof 60.1gshallbeusedformeasuringthemassofthe
ate safety and health practices and determine the applicability
fine spalled material.
of regulatory limitation prior to use.
4.3 Drying Oven—The drying oven shall be vented and
capable of being maintained at 100 to 115°C (212 to 239°F).
2. Referenced Documents
2
4.4 Specimen Container—The specimen container shall be
2.1 ASTM Standards:
made of non-corroding flexible material and have dimensions
C936/C936MSpecification for Solid Concrete Interlocking
that allow complete submersion of the specimen in the test
Paving Units
solution.Thesizeofthecontainershallbelessthanorequalto
three times the volume of the unit that is being tested. The
3. Significance and Use
container shall prevent evaporation of the test solution.
3.1 This test method is intended to determine the effects of
freezing and thawing on units conforming to the dimensional
5. Sampling
requirementsofSpecificationC936/C936Mwhileimmersedin
5.1 Selection of Test Specimens—Select whole units repre-
a test solution. Other types of segmental concrete paving units
sentative of the lot from which they are selected. The units
that do not conform to the dimensional requirements of
shall be free from visible cracks, chipped edges, and structural
Specification C936/C936M may be tested using this test
defects.
method.
5.2 Number of Test Specimens—Sample according to the
requirements of Specification C936/C936M.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on 5.3 Identification—Mark each test specimen so that it is
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
identifiable at any time.
C15.03 on Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units.
Current edition approved on June 1, 2016. Published July 2016. Originally
6. Preparation of Test Specimens
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C1645/C1645M–15.
DOI: 10.1520/C1645-16.
6.1 Curing and Conditioning—When possible, specimens
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
shall be full-sized units. When the units cannot be tested
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
full-size due to specimen configuration or lack of suitable
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. specimen containers, obtain a specimen by saw-cutting a
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C1645 − 16
2
full-height coupon with a surface area of at least 190 cm .Test 7.4 Temperature Monitoring—Followingthe24-hsaturation
specimens shall be a minimum of 28 days old before freeze- period, the specimens shall be subjected to continuous freeze-
thawcyclingbeg
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1645/C1645M − 15 C1645 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Freeze-thaw and De-icing Salt Durability of Solid Concrete
1
Interlocking Paving Units
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1645/C1645M;C1645; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method evaluates the resistance to freezing and thawing of solid interlocking concrete paving units conforming to
the dimensional requirements of Specification C936/C936M. Units are tested in a test solution that is either tap water or 3 % saline
solution, depending on the intended use of the units in actual service.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Inch-pound units are given in parentheses for temperature specification and are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, in any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the use of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitation prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C936/C936M Specification for Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method is intended to determine the effects of freezing and thawing on units conforming to the dimensional
requirements of Specification C936/C936M while immersed in a test solution. Other types of segmental concrete paving units that
do not conform to the dimensional requirements of Specification C936/C936M may be tested using this test method.
3.2 The results from this test method are not intended to provide a quantitative measure of the length of service from concrete
paving units conforming to the dimensional requirements of Specification C936/C936M.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Freezing-and-Thawing Apparatus—The freezing apparatus shall consist of suitable cabinet or cold room with controls to
reach and maintain within 1 h of introduction of specimens an air temperature of −5 6 3°C [23(23 6 5°F]5°F) at all locations
within the chamber regardless of the number of specimens in the chamber. The thawing chamber shall maintain a controlled air
temperature. This temperature shall never be greater than +30°C [86°F].(86°F).
4.2 Balance—A balance capable of weighing 500 g with an accuracy of 60.1 g shall be used for measuring the mass of the fine
spalled material.
4.3 Drying Oven—The drying oven shall be vented and capable of being maintained at 100 to 115°C [212(212 to 239°F].239°F).
4.4 Specimen Container—The specimen container shall be made of non-corroding flexible material and have dimensions that
allow complete submersion of the specimen in the test solution. The size of the container shall be less than or equal to three times
the volume of the unit that is being tested. The container shall prevent evaporation of the test solution.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.03 on Concrete
Masonry Units and Related Units.
Current edition approved on Dec. 15, 2015June 1, 2016. Published January 2016July 2016. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20112015 as
C1645/C1645M – 11.C1645/C1645M – 15. DOI: 10.1520/C1645_C1645M-15.10.1520/C1645-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1645 − 16
5. Sampling
5.1 Selection of Test Specimens—Select whole units representative of the lot from which they are selected. The units shall be
free from visible cracks,
...
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