ASTM D7436-11

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Designation:D7436 −11
StandardClassification System for
Unfilled Polyethylene Plastics Molding and Extrusion
Materials with a Fractional Melt Index Using ISO Protocol
and Methodology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7436; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This material specification is intended to provide a callout system for polyethylene utilizing
specimen preparation procedures and test methods based primarily on ISO standards.
1. Scope performance requirements of the part, the environment to
which it will be exposed, the fabrication process to be
1.1 This classification system provides for the identification
employed,thecostsinvolved,andtheinherentpropertiesofthe
of unfilled polyethylene plastics molding and extrusion
material other than those covered by this classification system.
materials, with a melt index of <1g/10 min, in such a manner
that the supplier and the user agree on the acceptability of 1.5 The values stated in SI units are regarded as the
different commercial lots or shipments. The tests involved in standard.
this specification are intended to provide information for
1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test
identifying materials in accordance with the groups, classes,
method portion only, Section 12 of this classification system.
and grades covered. It is not the function of this classification
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
system to provide specific engineering data for design pur-
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
poses.
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
1.2 This classification system allows for the use of recycled
limitations prior to use.
polyethylene materials provided that the requirements as stated
1.7 For information regarding plastic pipe materials, see
in this classification system are met. The proportions of
Specification D3350. For information regarding wire and cable
recycledmaterialused,aswellasthenatureandamountofany
materials, see Specification D1248. For information regarding
contaminant,however,willnotbecoveredinthisspecification.
NOTE 1—See Guide D7209 for information and definitions related to classification of PE molding and extrusion materials using
recycled plastics.
ASTM test methods, see Specification D4976.
NOTE 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.3 The properties included in this classification system are
thoserequiredtoidentifythecompositionscovered.Theremay
2. Referenced Documents
be other requirements necessary to identify particular charac-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
teristics important to specialized applications. These shall be
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
agreed upon between the user and the supplier by using the
D1248 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Extrusion
suffixes given in Section 5.
Materials for Wire and Cable
1.4 This classification system and subsequent line callout
D1600 TerminologyforAbbreviatedTermsRelatingtoPlas-
(specifications) are intended to provide a means of calling out
tics
plastic materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts.
D1693 Test Method for Environmental Stress-Cracking of
It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material
Ethylene Plastics
selection should be made by those having expertise in the
D2565 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics In-
plastic field after careful consideration of the design and the
tended for Outdoor Applications
ThisclassificationsystemisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20on
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Materials. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2011. Published December 2011. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI:10.1520/D7436-11. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7436−11
D3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fit- 4. Classification
tings Materials
4.1 Unfilled polyethylene plastic materials are classified
D3763 Test Method for High Speed Puncture Properties of
into groups in accordance with molecular structure. These
Plastics Using Load and Displacement Sensors
groups are subdivided into classes and grades as shown in
D3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
Table PE (Basic Property Table). Material classification call-
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
outs used in this system and in Specification D4976 look
als
similar but decode into dramatically different materials. In
D4329 Practice for Fluorescent UV Exposure of Plastics
order to differentiate materials classified under this system
D4703 Practice for Compression Molding Thermoplastic
from those classified under other systems, materials classified
Materials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or Sheets
herein are preceded with the classification system D7436.
D4976 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding and
Extrusion Materials
NOTE 3—An example of this classification system is as follows: The
D6436 Guide for Reporting Properties for Plastics and
designation D7436 PE 232 would indicate PE, polyethylene as found in
Thermoplastic Elastomers
Terminology D1600, 2 (group) linear, 3 (class) high density, 2 (grade) >7
D7209 Guide for Waste Reduction, Resource Recovery, and to# 11 melt flow rate (190°C/21.6Kg).
Use of Recycled Polymeric Materials and Products NOTE 4—It is recognized that some high-density polyethylene plastics
of very high molecular weight may have densities slightly less than 0.960,
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
yet in all other respects they are characteristic of Class 4 materials.
Determine Conformance with Specifications
Similarly, there are other polyethylene plastics of very high molecular
2.2 ISO Standards:
weight having densities less than 0.941 that, in all other aspects, are more
ISO 293 Plastics—Compression Molding of Test Speci-
characteristic of Class 2 than of Class 3 materials.
mens of Thermoplastic Materials
NOTE 5—Use the following terms in describing polyethylene plastics:
ISO 527-1 Plastics—Determination of Tensile Properties—
Class 1 (0.910 to 0.925) = low density
Part 1: General Principles
Class 2 (>0.925 to 0.940) = medium density
Class 3 (>0.940 to 0.960) = high density-low range
ISO 527-2 Plastics—Determination of Tensile Properties—
Class 4 (>0.960) = high density-high range
Part 2: Test Conditions for Moulding and Extrusion
Plastics 4.1.1 Specific requirements for variations of polyethylene
ISO 1133 Plastics—Determination of the Melt Mass-Flow materials shall be indicated by a six-character designator. The
Rate (MFR) and Melt Volume-Flow Rate (MVR) of
designation will consist of the letter “A” and the five digits
Thermoplastics comprising the cell numbers for the property requirements in
ISO 1183-2 Plastics—Methods for Determining the Density
the order as they appear in Table A.
and Relative Density of Non-Cellular Plastics—Density
4.1.2 Although the values listed are necessary to include the
Gradient Column Method
range of properties available in the existing materials, users
ISO 1872-2 Plastics—Polyethylene (PE) Moulding and Ex-
shall not assume that every combination of properties are
trusion Materials—Part2: Preparation of Test Specimens
attainable or exist.
and Determination of Properties
4.1.3 When the cell designation is not known or is not
ISO 2818 Preparation of Test Specimens by Machining
required, the use of a “0” designation shall be used (see Note
ISO 3167 Dimensions of Test Specimens
6).
2.3 SAE Standards:
SAE J2412 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive Interior
NOTE 6—An example of a high density polyethylene material of this
Trim Components Using a Controlled Irradiance Xenon-
classification system is as follows. The designation D7436 PE230A34350
Arc Apparatus would indicate the following material requirements from Table A:
SAE J2527 Performance Based Standard for Accelerated PE230 = High Density Polyethylene, from Table PE of this standard,
A = Table A for property requirements,
Exposure of Automotive Exterior Materials Using a Con-
3 = tensile strength, 12 MPa, min,
trolled Irradiance Xenon-Arc Apparatus
4 = tensile break elongation, 400 %, min,
3 = tensile modulus, 200 MPa, min,
3. Terminology
5 = environmental stress-crack resistance, 336 F hours, min
0 = unspecified
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of technical terms pertain-
ingtoplasticsusedinthisspecification,seeTerminologyD883
If no properties are specified, the designation would be D7436
PE230A00000.
and Terminology D1600.
D7436−11
TABLE PE Basic Requirement of Polyethylene Plastics
Group Description Class Description Grade Melt Melt Tensile Nominal Tensile
D
Flow Flow Stress at Strain at Modulus,
A B C C
MPa,
Rate Rate Yield, Break,
min
MPa, %, min
min
1 Branched 1 Low 1 #7 .
Density
0.910# 2>7#11 …
0.925
3>11 …
40.1# 0.4 9.5 400
50.4# 1 9.5 300
2 Medium 1 #7…
Density
>0.925 2>7#11 …
#0.940
3>11 …
40.1# 0.4 11 400
50.4# 1 11 200
0 other 0
2 Linear 1 Low 1 #7…
Density
0.910# 2>7#11 …
0.925
3>11 …
40.1# 0.4 11 500
50.4# 1 11 400 200
2 Medium 1 #7…
Density
>0.925# 2>7# 11 …
0.940
3>11 …
40.1# 0.4 16 400 600
50.4# 1 16 200 500
3 High 1 #7 … 20 700
Density
>0.940 2>7# 11 … 23 900
#0.960
3 >11 … 23 900
40.1# 0.4 24 600 1000
50.4# 1 25 400 1100
4 High 1 #7…
Density
>0.960 2 >7# 11 …
3>11 …
40.1# 0.4 28 400
50.4# 1 28 300 1200
0 other 0
00 Other 0 other 0
A
ISO 1133 melt flow rate = g/10 min at 190°C/21.6 Kg.
B
ISO 1133 melt flow rate = g/10 min at 190°C/2.16 Kg.
C
ISO 3167, Type 1B tensile bars, HDPE and MDPE tested at 50 mm/min. For densities# 0.925 test at 500 mm/min.
D
ISO 527-1 and ISO 527-2 at 1 mm/min strain rate, chord modulus between 0.05 % and 0.25 % strain.
D7436−11
A
TABLE A Detail Requirements for Polyethylene Plastics
Designation or Property 0 12345678 9
Order No.
B C
1 Tensile stress at yield, unspecified 4 8 12 16 21 30 35 … specify value
MPa ISO 527-1 and ISO 527-2, min
B C
2 Nominal strain at break, %, unspecified 25 50 200 400 600 800 1000 … specify value
ISO 527-1 and ISO 527-2, min
D C
3 Tensile Modulus, unspecified 50 100 200 400 600 800 1000 … specify value
MPa, ISO 527-1 and ISO 527-2, min
C
4 Environmental stress-crack resistance, unspecified 24 48 96 168 336 672 1008 … specify value
E
hrs, min F , Test Method D1693
C
5 To be determined unspecified specify value
A
It is recognized that detailed test values may not predict nor even correlate with performance of parts molded of these materials.
B
ISO 3167, Type 1B tensile bars, HDPE and MDPE tested at 50 mm/min. For densities <0.925 test at 500 mm/min.
C
If a specific value is required, it must appear on the drawing or contract, or both.
D
ISO 527-1 and ISO 527-2 at 1 mm/min strain rate, chord modulus between 0.05 % and 0.25 % strain.
E
F is the time required for failure of 50 % of the samples tested in accordance with Test Method D1693 using undiluted Igepal CO-630. Mold samples in accordance
with Procedure C of Practice D4703, Annex A1.
5. Suffixes
Second Digit
0 = To be specified by user.
5.1 When additional requirements are needed that are not
1 = 6 Joules, min
covered by the basic or cell table requirements, they shall be
2 = 9 Joules, min
3 = 12 Joules, min
indicated through the use of suffixes. The following suffixes
4 = 18 Joules, min
may be used for specific requirements of the material for the
5 = 21 Joules, min
application intended. In general, the suffix letter indicates the
6 = 24 Joules, min
7 = 27 Joules, min
requirement needed; the first number (digit) indicates the test
condition, and the second number (digit) indicates the speci- 5.1.3 E = Environmental Stress-Crack Resistance, hours, as
men requirement. The suffixes are as follows: designated by the following digits:
5.1.1 W = Weatherability requirements, as designated by
First Digit
0 = To be specified by user
the following digits:
1 = ESCR in accordance to Test Method D1693 Undiluted surface
First Digit
active agent Igepal CO-630 and a graphical method time of F .
0 = To be specified.
2 = ESCR in accordance to Test Method D1693 Undiluted surface
1 = Specimens exposed to xenon-arc type light source, in
active agent and a graphical method time of F .
accordance with Practice D2565, Cycle 1. Specimens shall conform
Second Digit
to ISO 3167 tensile bars.
0 = To be specified by user
2 = Specimens exposed to fluorescent-UV-condensation type
1 = 24 hours, min
apparatus, in accordance with Practice D4329, Cycle A. Specimens
2 = 48 hours, min
shall conform to ISO 3167 tensile bars.
3 = 96 hours, min
3 = Specimens exposed to xenon-arc type light source in accor-
4 = 168 hours, min
dance to SAE J2412. (Typically used to represent the effects of ex-
5 = 336 hours, min
posure to window glass filtered solar radiation). Specimens shall
6 = 672 hours, min
conform to ISO 3167 tensile bars.
7 = 1008 hours, min
4 = Specimens exposed to xenon-arc type light source in accor-
5.1.4 Z = Other special requirements (for example, internal
dance to SAE J2527. (Typically used to represent the effects of di-
rect exposure to solar radiation). Specimens shall conform to
mold release agent) not covered by existing callout capabilities
ISO 3167 tensile bars.
may be assigned by the user.These will be spelled out in detail
Second Digit
1 = 601.6 kJ/m @ 340 nm and identified in sequence, that is, 01 UV-stabilized, 02 special
2 = 1200 kJ/m @ 340 nm
color, and 03 etc.
3 = 2500 kJ/m @ 340 nm
5.2 A list of suffixes can also be found in Classification
5.1.1.1 The exposed specimens shall not exhibit surface
D4000 (Table 3) and used for additional requirements, as
changes (such as dulling or chalking) or deep-seated changes
appropriate. Additional suffixes will be added to that classifi-
(such as checking, crazing or warping). The tensile stress at
cation system as test methods and requirements are developed
yield after exposure shall be no less than 50 % of the original.
and requested.
5.1.2 P = Impact requirements, Total Energy in Joules at
Maximum Load, as designated by the following digits:
6. Basic Requirements
First Digit
0 = To be specified by user. 6.1 Basic requirements from property
...