ASTM F1014-92

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:F 1014–92 An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Specification for
Flashlights on Vessels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1014; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. Consult the DoD Index of Specifications and
Standards for the specific year of issue which has been adopted by the Department of Defense.
1. Scope where fire or explosion hazards may exist due to the presence
of flammable gases or vapors, flammable liquids, combustible
1.1 This specification covers three types of flashlights (see
dust, or ignitable fibers or flyings.
Section 4).
4.1.3 Type III—Flashlights for use in lifeboats and liferafts
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
and suitable for hazardous locations.
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
4.2 Type I flashlights shall be manufactured in accordance
information only.
with Sections 2-11. Type II flashlights shall meet the require-
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
ments in Sections 11 and 12.Type III flashlights shall meet the
test method portion, Section 9, of this specification: This
requirements in Sections 2-12.
standarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyproblems,
ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuser
5. Materials and Manufacture
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
5.1 Materials—All materials used in the construction of
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
these flashlights shall be of a quality suitable for the purpose
tions prior to use.
intended and shall conform to the requirements of this speci-
2. Referenced Documents fication.
5.2 Manufacture—Plastic, when used, shall be a suitable
2.1 Military Standard:
thermoplastic or thermosetting material so molded as to
MIL-STD-105D Department of Defense Standard; Sam-
produce a dense solid structure, uniform in texture, finish, and
pling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes
mechanical properties.
2.2 UL Standard:
UL Standard No. 783
6. General Requirements
3. Terminology 6.1 Each flashlight shall be a three-cell light.
6.2 Each flashlight shall provide a concentrated beam of
3.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
light. When used in this specification, a concentrated beam of
3.1.1 lot—a manufacturers production run for a specific
light is light projected in a nearly parallel beam and is used to
type of flashlight.
illuminate objects at considerable distances.
3.1.2 order batch—the size of a specific contract or pur-
6.3 The flashlight shall show no leakage of water and shall
chase order taken from the lot.
beinperfectworkingorderfollowingthetestprescribedin9.2.
3.1.3 production testing—the testing performed during a lot
6.4 The proportions and design of each flashlight shall be
run of specific flashlights.
suchthattheassembledunitcompletewithlampandcellsshall
4. Classification be capable of withstanding, without breakage or material
distortionofanypartandwithoutupsettingthelampfocus,the
4.1 The three types of flashlights covered in this specifica-
test specified in 9.6. Damage of lamp filament or shifting of
tion are classified as follows:
filament within the lamp as a result of this test shall not be
4.1.1 Type I—Flashlights for use in lifeboats and liferafts.
cause for rejection of the flashlight if the flashlight operates
4.1.2 Type II—Flashlights for use in hazardous locations
when the spare lamp is used.
6.5 Each flashlight must be furnished with two lamps. One
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-25 on
oftheselampsisaspareandmustbecontainedwithinthebody
Shipbuilding and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.10 on Electrical,
Electronics, and Automation. of the flashlight, either in the end cap or reflector head area.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1992. Published October 1992. Originally
6.6 All metal parts of each flashlight shall be made of
published as F1014–86. Last previous edition F1014–86(1992).
corrosion-resistant material. All copper or copper-alloy parts
AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
coming in contact with rubber shall not corrode or disintegrate
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Available from Underwriters Laboratories, 333 Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL
the rubber.
60062.
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F 1014
6.7 The construction of each flashlight shall be such that a Contact springs shall be of phosphor bronze, spring brass, or
metalliccontactoutsidethecasecannotclosethebatterycircuit other corrosion-resistant equivalent material.
and cause the light to come on.
7.8 Suspension Member—Each flashlight shall be equipped
6.8 Each flashlight shall be provided with means to prevent withasuitablesuspensionringorclip.Theringorclipshallbe
it from rolling.
tested as specified in 9.8.
7. Physical Requirements
8. Workmanship
7.1 Dimensions—Each flashlight shall not exceed 11½ in.
8.1 Flashlights shall be of sturdy construction and free of
(292 mm) in length and shall have a lens ring diameter of no
mechanical, electrical, or other imperfections or defects that
more than 2½ in. (63.5 mm).
materiallyaffectappearanceorthatmayaffectquality,reliabil-
7.2 Case, Lens Head Ring, and End Cap:
ity, or serviceability. The finished flashlight shall not contain
7.2.1 The flashlight case must be suitable to receive three
rough edges, burrs, blemishes, or other disfigurements and
commercialD-sizedrycells.Theexterioroftheflashlightshall
shall be clean, free from rust, toolmarks, pits, and other
have molded flutes or ribs to provide a satisfactory gripping
injurious defects.
surface when wet. Cells must be held in the case under
8.1.1 Threaded parts shall be smooth and close fitting and
sufficient pressure to ensure good contact and to prevent
shallbecapableofbeingeasilymovedbyhandrelativetoeach
breaking of the circuit when the flashlight is tested in accor-
other. Threaded parts shall not jump or change adjustment
dancewith9.1.2.Theflashlightmustbeconstructedsothatthe
when being put together or when subjected to the tests in
cells are readily replaceable.
Section 9.
7.2.2 The case, ring, and cap, need not be made of the same
material but cooperating threaded surfaces should be of the
9. Test Methods
same type material.
9.1 Switches:
7.3 Lens—The lens shall be of good quality, laminated,
9.1.1 Switch Leakage—With the lamp and reflector re-
shatter-proof glass or clear plastic, free from bubbles, striae,
moved, insert fresh batteries into the flashlight. Connect a
wrinkles, or other defects and blemishes that would affect the
voltmeter across the switch and battery or the switch and
light distribution. The lens shall be secured to the lens head
battery contacts, as appropriate, in such a way as to read the
ringbyasuitableretainingringorotherdevicesoastoprevent
battery voltage through the switch. With the switch in the
it from being dropped when the lens head ring is unscrewed.
“OFF” position, read the voltage. Any distinguishable deflec-
7.4 Reflector—The reflector may be of metal or plastic and
tion of the meter hand when the meter is set in the voltage
musthavesufficientrigiditysoasnottobecomedistortedwhen
range,nearestthebatteryvoltage,shallconstitutefailureofthis
the flashlight is completely assembled with cells and lamp. It
test.
must have an essentially parabolic reflecting surface, highly
9.1.2 Operation—Insert batteries into the flashlight and
polished and resistant to corrosion and discoloration. The
operate the switch five times in each of the three switch
reflector shall be 1¾ 6¼ in. (44 6 6 mm) in diameter.
positions. Shake the flashlight vigorously in each “ON” and
7.5 Lamps—The lamps shall be appropriate for use with
“FLASHING” switch position. The flashlight must not go off
alkaline or carbon-zinc batteries. Each lamp must have a lamp
when shaken vigorously while the switch is in the “ON” or
life of at least 15 h at the rated battery voltage.
“FLASHING” position.
7.6 Lamp Holder—The lamp shall be firmly positioned in
9.1.3 Switch Endurance—Test the contact switch mecha-
the reflector. It shall be so positioned that the lamp, when
nism of the flashlight by operating the switch for 25000
assembled in the holder, shall have its filament located at the
continuous cycles. A cycle shall consist of movements from
focusofthereflector,withtheaccuracynecessarytoproducea
“OFF” position through the full “ON” and “FLAS
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