ASTM C417-93(1998)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: C 417 – 93 (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Test Method for
Thermal Conductivity of Unfired Monolithic Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 417; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope refractory. This test method establishes placement of thermo-
couples and positioning of test specimens in the calorimeter.
1.1 This test method supplements Test Method C 201, and
3.2 This procedure must be used with Test Method C 201
shall be used in conjunction with that test method for deter-
and requires a large thermal gradient and steady state condi-
mining the thermal conductivity of unfired monolithic refrac-
tions. The results are based upon a mean temperature.
tories.
3.3 The data from this test method are suitable for specifi-
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
cation acceptance, estimating heat loss and surface tempera-
as the standard. The values in parentheses are provided for
ture, and the design of multi-layer refractory construction.
information only.
3.4 Theuseofthesedatarequiresconsiderationoftheactual
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
application environment and conditions.
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Apparatus
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 The apparatus shall be in accordance with Test Method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
C 201, modified as in 4.2 of this test method, with the addition
2. Referenced Documents of thermocouples and refractory fiber paper, as described in
Sections 6 and 7.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 The furnace shall be modified by drilling a nominal
C 180 Method of Panel Spalling Testing Fireclay Plastic
⁄8-in. (10-mm) diameter hole (Fig. 1) through the insulating
Refractories
firebrick in the furnace wall at each end of the center line of the
C 182 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Insulating
18-in. (456-mm) dimension of the furnace cavity. These holes
Firebrick
shall be positioned so that the length of the hole will be parallel
C 201 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refracto-
3 to the calorimeter surface and the bottom of the hole will
ries
coincide with the surface of the calorimeter. Copper tubing
C 862 Practice for Preparing Refractory Concrete Speci-
3 shall be placed within each hole so that a compressed-air
mens by Casting
source can be attached to one side and flexible leads to a
E 220 Method for Calibration of Thermocouples by Com-
4 flowmeter can be attached to the other.
parison Techniques
4.3 A compressed-air supply and flowmeter for air.
3. Significance and Use
5. Test Specimens
3.1 The thermal conductivity of monolithic refractories is a
5.1 Castable Refractories—The test specimens may consist
property required for selecting their thermal transmission
1 1
of either a panel 18 by 13 ⁄2 by 2 ⁄2 in. (456 by 342 by 64 mm),
characteristics. Users select monolithic refractories to provide
1 1
or an assembly of three straights 9 by 4 ⁄2 by 2 ⁄2 in. (228 by
specified conditions of heat loss and cold face temperature,
1 1
114 by 64 mm) and six soaps 9 by 2 ⁄4 by 2 ⁄2 in. (228 by 57
without exceeding the temperature limitation of the monolithic
by 64 mm). These specimens shall be prepared as in one of the
following methods and in general accordance with the manu-
facturer’s recommendation for water content and Practice
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-8 on
C 862.
Refractoriesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.02 on Thermal
5.1.1 Panel Specimens—This test specimen shall be a
Stress Resistance.
1 1
monolithicpanel18by13 ⁄2 by2 ⁄2 in.(456by342by64mm)
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 1993. Published February 1994. Originally
e1
published as C 417 – 58 T. Last previous edition C 417 – 86 (1993) .Also replaces
in size, and shall be prepared in general accordance with
C 438.
Practice C 862, as outlined in 5.1. The panel shall be cast in a
Discontinued, see 1984 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01.
3 steel mold with two steel rods (Note 1) taped in place at the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03. center line of the 18-in. length of the mold cavity. These steel
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 417
cutting dry 9-in. (228-mm) straight specimens with a suitable
abrasive cut-off saw. The soap brick adjacent to the 9-in. face
of the guard brick shall be slotted with a suitable abrasive
cut-off saw at the center line of the 9-in. length to fit over the
tubing used for the entrance, and exhaust of the air and
moisture.
5.3 Specimen Curing and Drying—After the specified cur-
ing, the specimens shall be placed in a dryer at 250°F (120°C)
for a minimum of 24 h, or until constant mass has been
achieved.
6. Installation of Thermocouples in Test Specimen
6.1 Thermocouples—Embed calibrated thermocouples in
the test specimen at two points for measurement of tempera-
ture. Use platinum-10 % rhodium/platinum, Awg Gage 28
(0.320-mm) wire in making the thermocouples.
6.2 Installation of Thermocouples:
6.2.1 For castable specimens prepared in accordance with
5.1.1, use the following thermocouple installation procedure.
Place the hot junction of the thermocouples in the center of
each 18 by 13 ⁄2-in. (456 by 342-mm) face and just below the
surface of the test specimen. Cut grooves to receive the wire in
1 1
each 18 by 13 ⁄2-in. face to a depth of ⁄32 in. (0.8 mm) by
means of an abrasive wheel 0.02 in. (0.5 mm) in thickness.The
layout for the grooves allows all of the cold-junction ends of
the wires to extend from one end of the specimen. Cut a groove
in the center of each 18 by 13 ⁄2-in. face along the 18-in.
A—Inlet air
dimensionandending1 ⁄2 in.(38mm)fromthecenterpointof
B—Exhaust air
C—Transite board
thespecimen.Extendthepathofeachgrooveatanangleof90°
D—Group 16 IFB
to one end of the specimen by cutting grooves parallel to the
E—Group 28 IFB
1 1
13 ⁄2-in. edges and 1 ⁄2 in. from the center point of the
F—Group 28 grindings
G—Calorimeter assembly
specimen. Before cementing the thermocouple wires in place,
⁄8-in. (10-mm) diameter
H—Copper tubing, nominal
take measurements to obtain, within 0.01 in. (0.3 mm), the
I—Center calorimeter
eventual distance between the center lines of the thermocouple
FIG. 1 Furnace Modification
junctions.Dothisbymeasuringthe2 ⁄2-in.(64-mm)dimension
of the specimens at the location for the hot junctions and
rods form the slot required so that the panel will fit over the
deducting the distance between the center line of each junction
tubing used for the entrance and exhaust of air and moisture
in its embedded position and the surface of the specimen.
from the furnace (see Fig. 1).
6.2.2 For castable specimens prepared in accordance with
NOTE 1—Two ⁄2-in. (13-mm) diameter steel rods 2 in. (51 mm) long
5.1.2 and plastic refractory specimens prepared in accordance
should have approximately ⁄32 in. (0.8 mm) removed longitudinally to
with 5.2, use the following thermocouple installation proce-
provide a flat base.
dure. Place the hot junction of the thermocouples in the center
5.1.2 Straight Specimens—This test specimen shall be three 1
of each 9 by 4 ⁄2-in. (228 by 114-mm) face, and just below the
1 1
9by4 ⁄2 by 2 ⁄2-in. (228 by 114 by 64-mm) straight brick and
surface of the test specimen. Cut grooves to receive the wire in
1 1
six9by2 ⁄4 by 2 ⁄2-in. (228 by 57 by 64-mm) soap brick and 1 1
each9by4 ⁄2-in.faceofthebricktoadepthof ⁄32 in.(0.8mm)
shall be prepared in accordance with Practice C 862, as
by means of an abrasive wheel 0.02 in. (0.5 mm) in thickness.
outlined in 5.1 and 5.1.1, and by cutting as required. The 9 by
The layout for the grooves allows all of the cold-junction ends
1 1
4 ⁄2-in. face of the three straight brick and the 9 by 2 ⁄4-in. face
of the wires to extend from one end of the brick. Cut a groove
of the soap brick shall be flat and parallel, and the thickness 1 1
in the center of each 9 by 4 ⁄2-in. face along the 4 ⁄2-in.
shall not vary more than 60.01 in. (60.3 mm). No grinding of
dimension, and ending 1 in. (25 mm) from the edge of the
the finish face is required if care is taken when removing the
specimen. Before cementing the thermocouple wires in place
excess mix with the strikeoff bar and slicking the exposed
take measurements to obtain within 60.01 in. (60.3 mm) the
surface with a minimum amount of troweling. Steel rods
eventual distance between the center lines of the thermocouple
(described in Note 1) shall be used in two cavities to provide
junctions.Dothisbymeasuringthe2 ⁄2-in.(64-mm)dimension
the required slots for air entry and exit.
of the brick at the location for the hot junctions and deducting
5.2 Plastic Refractories—The test specimens shall be of the
size and number described in 4.1 of Test Method C 201, and
shall be prepared in accordance with Method C 180 and 3.2 of
Method E 220 spe
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