ASTM D5362-03(2004)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5362–03 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Method for
Snagging Resistance of Fabrics (Bean Bag)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5362; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D 2724 Test Methods for Bonded, Fused, and Laminated
1.1 Thistestmethoddeterminesthesnaggingresistanceofa
Apparel Fabrics
fabric.
D 3136 TerminologyRelatingtoCareLabelingforApparel,
1.2 Studies of fabric snagging have shown that this test
Textile, Home Furnishing, and Leather Products
method is suitable for a range of woven and knitted fabrics
D 3939 Test Method for Snagging Resistance of Fabrics
made from textured or untextured filament yarns or spun yarns
2,3
(Mace)
or combinations of these yarns. This test method is not
D 4467 Practice for InterlaboratoryTesting of aTextileTest
suitable for (1) open construction fabrics (such as a net)
Method That Produces Non-Normally Distributed Data
because the pins in the test chamber will snag the bean bag
D 4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics
rather than the specimen, (2) heavy or stiff fabrics that cannot
2.2 AATCC Standards:
be made into a cover for the bean bag, and (3) tufted or
65 Test Method for Snag Resistance of Women’s Nylon
nonwoven fabrics because the apparatus is designed for woven
Hosiery (see Note 1)
and knitted fabrics.
135 Test Method for Dimensional Changes in Automatic
1.3 The values stated in either acceptable metric units or in
Home Laundering of Woven and Knit Fabrics
other units shall be regarded separately as standard.The values
stated in each system may not be the exact equivalents;
NOTE 1—In 1988 theAATCC voted to withdraw this test method from
therefore,eachsystemmustbeusedindependentlyoftheother, their technical manual; however, theASTM task group on fabric snagging
decided it should be listed as an alternative for testing open construction
without combining values in any way. In case of referee
fabrics.
decisions the metric units will prevail.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this test
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
method: color contrast, in textiles; distortion in fabrics; protru-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
sion,infabrics;snag,infabrics;snaggingresistance,infabrics;
tionary statements are given in Section 7.
refer to Terminology D 4850.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
4 method, refer to Terminology D 123.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
4. Summary of Test Method
D 1335 Test Method for Tuft Bind of Pile Floor Coverings
4.1 A fabric specimen is made into a cover for a bean bag.
Then the specimen and bean bag unit is tumbled for 100
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles revolutions in a cylindrical test chamber fitted on its inner
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods,
surface with rows of pins. The degree of fabric snagging is
General.
evaluated by (1) comparison of the tested specimens with
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published October 2003. Originally
visual rating standards that may be either snagged fabrics or
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 5362 – 97a.
Stuckey, W. C., and El Shiekh, A., “Snags in Snag Testing of Knits”, in Sense
photographs of snagged fabrics, or (2) using a point system.
and Nonsense in Knit Testing, American Association of Textile Chemists and
The resistance to snagging is rated on a numerical scale
Colorists, 1975, pp. 45–53.
3 ranging from 5 (no or insignificant snagging) to 1 (very severe
Cary, R. T., “Bean Bag Snag Tester:ASystem of Evaluation”, Textile Research
Journal, Vol 51, No. 2, 1981, pp. 61–63. snagging).
For referencedASTM standards, visist theASTM Web Site, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P.O.
the ASTM web site. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5362–03 (2004)
5. Significance and Use 5.4 Because fabric snagging can be affected by laundering
or drycleaning, it may be advisable to test the snagging
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This test method may be used for
resistance of a fabric before and after laundering or dryclean-
acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabrics because
ing.
the precision is acceptable (see 15.1).
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
5.5 The snagging resistance of a specific fabric varies with
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more), individual wearers and general conditions of use. Therefore, it
comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
can be expected that garments of the same fabric will show a
a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
fairly wide snagging resistance spectrum after wear and much
assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a com-
greater variation in wear than in replicate fabric specimens
parative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from
subjected to controlled laboratory tests. This factor should be
thesamelotofmaterialasthesamplesthatresultedindisparate
considered when adopting levels of acceptability for any
results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal
specification that includes snagging resistance.
number to each laboratory. The test results from the laborato-
5.6 Snags observed in worn garments vary appreciably in
ries involved should be compared using a statistical test for
number and appearance. The appearance of a snag depends
unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing
particularly on (1) the degree of color contrast between the
series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and
snag and the surrounding area of the fabric, or, (2) the
corrected, or future test results for that material must be
presence of long distortions or long protrusions. These condi-
adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
tions are not evaluated when snagging is rated solely on the
5.2 This test method may be used for quality control testing
number of snags. See Section 3 for a description of terminol-
of fabrics during manufacturing and product comparisons of
ogy such as color contrast, distortion, and protrusion See Figs.
differentfabricsbymanufacturers,retailers,andusers.Thistest
1-3 . Because the overall acceptability of a specific fabric is
method may also be used by researchers to examine the effect
dependent on both the characteristics of the snags and other
of new fibers, yarns, fabric constructions, and finishes on the
factors affecting fabric appearance, it is recommended that
snagging resistance of fabrics.
fabrics tested in the laboratory be evaluated with regard to the
5.3 This test method may be used to test the snagging
defectswhichmaybevisuallyobservedandnotratedsolelyon
resistance of most apparel and home furnishings fabrics.
the number of snags developed. A series of visual rating
However, a different test method (see 5.3.1) may be needed for
standards (see 6.7) may be set up to provide a basis for the
differenttypesoffabricsanddifferentend-uses(suchastowels,
ratings. The visual rating standards are most advantageous
swimwear, slacks, and upholstery).
when the tested laboratory specimens correlate closely in
5.3.1 Some fabrics which may not be suitable for this test
appearance with fabrics from a wear test; for example when
method are described in 1.2. Many open construction fabrics
tested laboratory specimens and fabrics from a wear test show
can be tested for snagging resistance using AATCC Test
similar color contrasts. In the preceding example, a series of
Method 65. Many heavy or stiff fabrics can be tested for
fabricsfromtheweartestwouldbeagoodchoiceforthefabric
snagging resistance using Test Method D 3939. The snagging
resistance of many pile floor coverings can be tested by Test standards described in 6.7.2.Also a point rating system may be
Method D 1335. usedthatconsidersthenumberofthesnagsandtheappearance
FIG. 1 A Snagged Specimen With Many Protrusion But No
Distortions
D5362–03 (2004)
FIG. 4 The Bean Bag Snag Tester With Two Test Chambers
FIG. 2 A Snag That Includes Both a Protrusion and a Distortion
65°existsbetweenthepinsonthatbafflebarandatheoretical
horizontal line passing through the end of the baffle bar.
6.1.1 Bean Bags , filled with shot and each weighing 450 6
10gor1.0 60.02lb.Aminimumoftwobeanbagsisrequired,
but six bean bags are suggested for efficiency.
6.2 Specimen Template,madeofapproximately2mmor0.1
in. thick poster board, plastic or metal with dimensions of 215
mm by 115 mm or 8.5 in. by 4.5 in.
6.3 Sewing Machine, with a sewing needle that is appropri-
ate for the fabric being tested for snagging resistance, or
6.4 Sharps Hand Sewing Needle.
6.5 SewingThread,cotton,Texticket35to50,orequivalent
polyester and cotton.
6.6 Standard Calibration Fabric, having an established
snagging resistance rating that has been agreed upon by the
purchaser and the supplier. (No standard calibration fabric has
been specified by Subcommittee D13.59.)
FIG. 3 A Snagged Specimen With Color Contrasts (Yarn Shifted
6.7 Visual Rating Standards (for Option A):
from Dark Area to Light Area
6.7.1 Photographic Standards, a series of photographs of
testedspecimensthatshowthedegreesofsnagging,suchasthe
Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) photographs, or
of the snags. (See 13 for additional information about snags,
6.7.2 Fabric Standards, a series of tested specimens or
protrusions, distortions, and color contrasts. Also, see Figs.
fabrics from a wear test that show the degrees of snagging (see
1-3).
5.6 and Note 2).
6. Apparatus and Materials
NOTE 2—Fabric standards should be stored and handled under condi-
6.1 Bean Bag Snag Tester , as shown in Fig. 4. Each tions that will preserve their original form and appearance. Mount the
fabric standards using white poster board, plastic or metal framing.
rotatingcylinder(2.1 60.3rad/sor20 63r/min)isfittedwith
a snagging basket which is a removable framework of eight
6.8 Equipment for Fabric Evaluation for Option A, for
baffle bars attached at each end to plastic disks. Each baffle bar
illuminationandsimultaneousviewingofspecimensandvisual
has a series of nine pins protruding from it. Each baffle bar is
rating standards:
locked in the plastic disks so that when a baffle bar is exactly
6.8.1 Apparatus for Fabric Evaluation:
at the bottom of the cylinder, an angle of 0.5 6 0.1 rad or 30
6 7
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
is(SDLAtlasLLC,1813AAssociatedLane,Charlotte,NC28271).Ifyouareaware is(SDLAtlasLLC,1813AAssociatedLane,Charlotte,NC28271).Ifyouareaware
of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Headquarters. of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Headquarters.
Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
technical committee. technical committee.
D5362–03 (2004)
6.8.1.1 Viewing Cabinet , (see Fig. 5) having a single cool 6.8.1.4 Fabric Standard Viewing Mask (White), made of
white fluorescent tube with a correlated color temperature of approximately 2 mm or 0.1 in. thick poster board, plastic or
4100 to 4500 K. metal and with the outer dimensions the same as the dimen-
6.8.1.2 Specimen Viewing Mask (White), made of approxi- sionsofthefabricstandard(see6.7.2)andacentercutoutof75
mately 2 mm or 0.1 in. thick poster board, plastic or metal with mm by 75 mm or 3 in. by 3 in.
outer dimensions of 100 mm by 100 mm or 4 in. by 4 in. and 6.9 Equipment for Fabric Evaluation for Option B, for
a center cutout of 75 mm by 75 mm or 3 in. by 3 in. illumination and viewing of specimens:
6.8.1.3 Photographic Standard Viewing Mask (White), 6.9.1 Desk Lamp, having a single cool white fluorescent
made of approximately 2 mm or 0.1 in. thick poster board, tube with a correlated color temperature of 4100 to 4500 K.
plastic or metal with outer dimensions of 130 mm by 95 mm or 6.9.2 Specimen Viewing Mask (White), made of approxi-
5.2 in. by 3.8 in. and a center cutout of 75 mm by 75 mm or 3 mately 2 mm or 0.1 in. thick poster board, plastic or metal with
in. by 3 in. The dimensions of this mask are for photographic outer dimensions of 100 mm by 100 mm or 4 in. by 4 in. and
standards (see 6.7.1) which have outer dimensions of 130 mm a center cutout of 75 mm by 75 mm or 3 in. by 3 in.
by 95 mm or 5.2 in. by 3.8 in. in size. Larger or smaller 6.10 Optional Equipment:
photographic standards will need a mask with corresponding
6.10.1 Tumble Dryer, as described in AATCC Test
outer dimensions. All photographic standard viewing masks
Method 135.
must have the same center cutout viewing dimensions as the
6.10.2 Washing Machine, as described in AATCC Test
specimen viewing mask.
Method 135.
6.10.3 Detergent, heavy duty granule, the 1993 AATCC
Standard Reference Detergent as described in AATCC Test
Method 135. When agreed upon by the purchaser and the
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
is Standard Scientific Supply Company, 601 West Market Street, Bethlehem, PA supplier a substitute detergent that does not include fabric
18018-5208. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this informa-
softener or bleach may be used.
tion toASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
6.10.4 Equivalent for Drycleaning Specimens, as described
meeting of the responsible technical committee.
in Test Methods D 2724.
7. Hazards
7.1 Locate the bean bag snag tester in a low-traffic area
because of the danger from the exposed rotating cylinders.
7.2 Checkthatboththeplasticdisksandthepo
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