ASTM D5362-03(2008)e1

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
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Designation:D5362–97a Designation:D5362–03 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Snagging Resistance of Fabrics (Bean Bag)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5362; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Minor editorial corrections were made in October 2008.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method determines the snagging resistance of a fabric.
1.2 Studies of fabric snagging have shown that this test method is suitable for a range of woven and knitted fabrics made from
,
2 3
textured or untextured filament yarns or spun yarns or combinations of these yarns. This test method is not suitable for (1) open
construction fabrics (such as a net) because the pins in the test chamber will snag the bean bag rather than the specimen, (2) heavy
or stiff fabrics that cannot be made into a cover for the bean bag, and (3) tufted or nonwoven fabrics because the apparatus is
designed for woven and knitted fabrics.
1.3 Thevaluesstatedineitheracceptablemetricunitsorinotherunitsshallberegardedseparatelyasstandard.Thevaluesstated
in each system may not be the exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without
combining values in any way. In case of referee decisions the metric units will prevail.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D 1335 Test Method for Tuft Bind of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
D 1776Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D 2724 Test Methods for Bonded, Fused, and Laminated Apparel Fabrics
D 3136Terminology Relating to Care Labels for Textile and Leather Products Other Than Textile Floor Coverings and
Upholstery Terminology Relating to Care Labeling for Apparel, Textile, Home Furnishing, and Leather Products
D 3939 Test Method for Snagging Resistance of Fabrics (Mace)
D 4467Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test Method That Produces Non-Normally Distributed Data Practice
for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test Method That Produces Non-Normally Distributed Data
D 4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics
2.2 AATCC Standards:
65 Test Method for Snag Resistance of Women’s Nylon Hosiery (see Note 1)
135 Test Method for Dimensional Changes in Automatic Home Laundering of Woven and Knit Fabrics
NOTE 1—In 1988 the AATCC voted to withdraw this test method from their technical manual; however, the ASTM task group on fabric snagging
decided it should be listed as an alternative for testing open construction fabrics.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-13D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods,
General.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1997.July 1, 2008. Published August 1998.October 2008. Originally published as D5362–93.approved in 1993. Last previous edition
D5362–97.approved in 2004 as D 5362 – 03(2004).
Stuckey, W. C., and El Shiekh, A., “Snags in Snag Testing of Knits”, in Sense and Nonsense in Knit Testing , American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists,
1975, pp. 45–53.
Cary, R. T., “Bean Bag Snag Tester: A System of Evaluation”, Textile Research Journal, Vol 51, No. 2, 1981, pp. 61–63.
For referenced ASTM standards, visist the ASTM Web Site, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards , Vol 07.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM web site.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.
Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D5362–03 (2008)
3.1.1color contrast, n—in textiles, a general term for a visible color difference between two adjacent areas.
3.1.1.1Discussion—For the purpose of this test method, a color contrast is a visible color difference between a snag and the
immediate surrounding area of the fabric that has no defects. Color contrasts often occur when printed fabrics are snagged.
3.1.2distortion, n—in fabrics, a general term for a visible defect in the texture of a fabric.
3.1.2.1Discussion—For the purpose of this test method, snags are composed of different combinations of protrusions and
distortions. A distortion is characterized by a group of fibers, a yarn, or a yarn segment that is displaced from its normal pattern
so that there is a visible change in the texture of the fabric; however, the displaced group of fibers, yarn, or yarn segment does not
extend above the fabric surface. Distortions include conditions where (1) tension on a snagged yarn has changed the size of some
of the loops within a knitted fabric and the result is a pucker on the surface of the fabric, and (2) tension on a snagged yarn has
caused the yarn to break off within a woven fabric and the result is a change in the texture where the yarn used to be.
3.1.3protrusion,n—infabrics,ageneraltermforavisiblegroupoffibers,ayarn,orayarnsegmentthatextendsabovethefabric
surface.
3.1.4snag, n—in fabrics, a yarn or part of a yarn pulled or plucked from the surface.
3.1.4.1Discussion—For the purpose of this test method, a snag is created when an object pulls, plucks, scratches, or drags a
group of fibers, a yarn, or a yarn segment from its normal pattern. Snags can be classified into three types: (1) snags that have a
protrusion and no distortion, (2) snags that have a distortion and no protrusion, and (3) snags that have both a protrusion and a
distortion.Otherchangesinappearance,suchascolorcontrasts,shouldbereportedbecausetheyaffectthevisibilityofaprotrusion
or a distortion.
3.1.5snagging resistance, n—in textile fabrics, the property of a material whereby yarns or parts of yarns are prevented or
inhibited from being pulled or plucked from the surface.
3.1.6For definitions of other textile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D123Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this test method: color contrast, in textiles; distortion in fabrics; protrusion, in
fabrics; snag, in fabrics; snagging resistance, in fabrics; refer to Terminology D 4850.
3.1.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D 123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Afabric specimen is made into a cover for a bean bag. Then the specimen and bean bag unit is tumbled for 100 revolutions
in a cylindrical test chamber fitted on its inner surface with rows of pins. The degree of fabric snagging is evaluated by (1)
comparison of the tested specimens with visual rating standards that may be either snagged fabrics or photographs of snagged
fabrics, or (2) using a point system. The resistance to snagging is rated on a numerical scale ranging from 5 (no or insignificant
snagging) to 1 (very severe snagging).
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This test method may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabrics because the
precision is acceptable (see 15.1).
5.1.1In case 5.1.1 If there are disputable differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories
(ormore),comparativetestsshouldbeperformedtodetermineifthereisastatisticalbiasbetweenthem,usingcompetentstatistical
assistance. As a minimum, specimens should be used use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogeneous as
possible, that are drawn from the same lot of material from which disputable test results were obtained, and that are as the samples
thatresultedindisparateresultsduringinitialtestingandrandomlyassignedinequalnumbersnumbertoeachlaboratoryfortesting.
laboratory. The test results from the two laboratories involved should be compared using an appropriate a statistical test for
unpaireddata,ataprobabilitylevelchosenpriortothetestingseries.Ifabiasisfound,eitheritscausemustbefoundandcorrected,
or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
5.2 This test method may be used for quality control testing of fabrics during manufacturing and product comparisons of
different fabrics by manufacturers, retailers, and users. This test method may also be used by researchers to examine the effect of
new fibers, yarns, fabric constructions, and finishes on the snagging resistance of fabrics.
5.3 This test method may be used to test the snagging resistance of most apparel and home furnishings fabrics. Modifications
of thisHowever, a different test method (see 5.3.1), or a different test method (see 5.3.2 and 5.3.3), may be needed for different
types of fabrics and different end-uses (such as towels, swimwear, slacks, and upholstery).
5.3.1For a specific fabric, if the test results from this test method do not correspond with the test results from a wear test then
(1) the procedure described in Section 12 or (2) the evaluation described in Section 13 can be modified. For example, the number
of revolutions of the test chamber for testing each specimen can be increased for a fabric that had a higher degree of snagging in
a wear test than the same fabric had using the procedure described in Section 12. The purchaser and the supplier must agree to
all changes in the procedure for operating the apparatus or for evaluating the test results.
5.3.2) may be needed for different types of fabrics and different end-uses (such as towels, swimwear, slacks, and upholstery).
5.3.1 Some fabrics which may not be suitable for this test method are described in 1.2. Many open construction fabrics can be
tested for snagging resistance using AATCC Test Method 65. Many heavy or stiff fabrics can be tested for snagging resistance
using Test Method D 3939. The snagging resistance of many pile floor coverings can be tested by Test Method D 1335.
5.3.3When the purchaser and the supplier agree that the test results from the bean bag test method do not correspond with the
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D5362–03 (2008)
test results from a wear test, Test Method D3939 can be used.
5.4 Because fabric snagging can be affected by laundering or drycleaning, it may be advisable to test the snagging resistance
of a fabric before and after laundering or drycleaning.
5.5 The snagging resistance of a specific fabric varies with individual wearers and general conditions of use. Therefore, it can
be expected that garments of the same fabric will show a fairly wide snagging resistance spectrum after wear and much greater
variation in wear than in replicate fabric specimens subjected to controlled laboratory tests.This factor should be considered when
adopting levels of acceptability for any specification that includes snagging resistance.
5.6 Snags observed in worn garments vary appreciably in number and appearance. The appearance of a snag depends
particularly on (1) the degree of color contrast between the snag and the surrounding area of the fabric, or, (2) the presence of
long distortions or long protrusions.These conditions are not evaluated when snagging is rated solely on the number of snags. See
Section 3 for a description of terminology such as color contrast, distortion, and protrusion. See Figs. 1-3 for pictures of fabric
defects due to snagging. Because the overall acceptability of a specific fabric is dependent on both the characteristics of the snags
and other factors affecting fabric appearance, it is recommended that fabrics tested in the laboratory be evaluated with regard to
the defects which may be visually observed and not rated solely on the number of snags developed. A series of visual rating
standards (see 6.7) may be set up to provide a basis for the ratings. The visual rating standards are most advantageous when the
tested laboratory specimens correlate closely in appearance with fabrics from a wear test; for example when tested laboratory
specimens and fabrics from a wear test show similar color contrasts. In the preceding example, a series of fabrics from the wear
test would be a good choice for the fabric standards described in 6.7.2.Also a point rating system may be used that considers the
number of the snags and the appearance of the snags (see 13.3.Also a point rating system may be used that considers the number
of the snags and the appearance of the snags. (See 13 for additional information about snags, protrusions, distortions, and color
contrasts. Also, see Figs. 1-3).
6. Apparatus and Materials
6.1 Bean Bag Snag Tester , as shown in Fig. 4. Each rotating cylinder (2.1 6 0.3 rad/s or 20 6 3 r/min) is fitted with a snagging
basket which is a removable framework of eight baffle bars attached at each end to plastic disks. Each baffle bar has a series of
nine pins protruding from it. Each baffle bar is locked in the plastic disks so that when a baffle bar is exactly at the bottom of the
cylinder, an angle of 0.5 6 0.1 rad or 30 6 5° exists between the pins on that baffle bar and a theoretical horizontal line passing
through the end of the baffle bar.
6.1.1 Bean Bags , filled with shot and each weighing 450 610gor1.0 6 0.02 lb. A minimum of two bean bags is required,
but six bean bags are suggested for efficiency.
6.2 Specimen Template, made of approximately 2 mm or 0.1 in. thick poster board, plastic or metal with dimensions of 215 mm
by 115 mm or 8.5 in. by 4.5 in.
6.3 Sewing Machine, with a sewing needle that is appropriate for the fabric being tested for snagging resistance, or
Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is (SDLAtlas LLC, 1813AAssociated Lane, Charlotte, NC 28271). If you are aware
of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Headquarters. Your commen
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