ASTM F2157-02

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: F 2157 – 02
Standard Specification for
Synthetic Surfaced Running Tracks
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2157; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
There is a need to provide for the safety of athletes and durability of surfaces used for competition
running. There are a number of sources of injury with regard to the performance of a running track
surface and protection of athletes of all ages.
1. Scope DIN 18035 Part 6 AStandard for Sports Grounds, Synthetic
Surfacings, Requirements, Test, Maintenance
1.1 Thisspecificationestablishestheminimumperformance
IAAF Performance Specifications for Synthetic Surfaced
requirements and classification when tested in accordance with
Athletics Tracks (Outdoors)
the procedures outlined within this specification. All docu-
ments referencing this specification must include classification
3. Terminology
required.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2 This specification does not imply that an injury cannot
3.1.1 compliance, n—a test result that falls within the
be incurred if the surface is found to be in compliance with this
specified range, meets a stated minimum value or achieves a
specification.
“pass” rating on a test with a pass/fail result.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.2 “D” area, n—an integral part of the synthetic surfac-
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are
ing located within the oval.
provided for information only.
3.1.3 EPDM components, n—the residual elements of an
2. Referenced Documents EPDM rubber product once the fillers and plasticizers have
2 been eliminated.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.4 EPDM rubber product, n—a product comprised of
D 297 Test Methods for Rubber Products, ChemicalAnaly-
organic and inorganic materials with a minimum of 20 % and
sis
a maximum of 26 % of ethylene propylene-diene-saturated
D 2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-
polymethylene main chain along with other organic and
ence with a Gray Scale
inorganic components.
D 2859 TestMethodforIgnitionCharacteristicsofFinished
3.1.5 flat, n—an area that by design is to have a finished
Textile Floor Covering Materials
slope of 0.5 % or less.
D 2950 Test Method for Density of Bituminous Concrete in
3.1.6 recycled black EPDM rubber product, n—crumbs or
Place by Nuclear Methods
granules manufactured through ambient or cryogenic grinding
E 303 Test Method for Measuring Surface Friction Proper-
or crushing of post industrial scrap (typically automotive),
ties Using the British Pendulum Tester
containing a mixture of types of rubber including EPDM
E 1131 Test Method for Composition Analysis by Thermo-
rubber product and varying in size. The material must be free
gravimetry
of dust, metals, and other contaminants.
G 154 Practice for Operating Light and Water Exposure
3.1.7 recycled SBR rubber, n—crumbs, granules, or
Apparatus for UV Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
buffings/strands manufactured through the ambient or cryo-
2.2 Other Standards:
genic grinding or crushing of car or truck tires or industrial
scrap and varying in size. Must be free of dust, metals, and
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F08 on Sports
other contaminants.
Equipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.52 on
Miscellaneous Playing Surfaces.
Current edition approved June 10, 2002. Published August 2002.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH (DIN-- DIN Deutsches Institut fur
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Normung e.V.), Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787, Berlin, Germany.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from IAAF Headquarters, 17 rue Princesse Florestine—BP 359,
the ASTM website. MC-98007, Monaco Cedex. http://www.iaaf.org
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F2157–02
3.1.8 SBR rubber product, n—styrene-butadienerubbersare 5.2 Test Method—Use test method as described in Test
the general-purpose synthetic rubbers. Method D 2950.
3.1.9 site report, n—a comprehensive report of the test
Evenness
results obtained through site testing including site identifica-
tion, testing conditions, test standard identification, test meth-
5.3 Description and Required Performance—The running
odology, test results in average and by test point, a site plan
track asphalt base shall be installed so that on a localized level,
locating test points and areas of deviation and a conclusion
there shall be no bumps or depressions beneath a 3-m straight-
stating the classification achieved by the surface from the
edge exceeding 6 mm for a ClassAand B surfaces or 8 mm for
testing.
Class C surfaces. Depressions beneath a 1-m straightedge shall
3.1.10 site testing, n—a combination of on-site and labora-
not exceed 3 mm for ClassAand Class B surface or 4 mm for
torytestingofsiteproducedsamplestoestablishcomplianceof
Class C. There shall be no step-like irregularities greater than
an installed surface within a classification or other specifica-
1 mm in height (see Table 1).
tions.
5.4 Test Method—Drag or regularly place the 3-m straight-
3.1.11 suitability report, n—a report of the results from
edge, advancing by one half the length of the straightedge for
suitability testing which may be used as a guideline for surface
each measurement, on the surface along the length of the odd
product comparisons and as a general benchmark for installed
numbered lanes and each runway as a minimum. Additional
surfaces.
locations may be tested at the discretion of the test laboratory.
3.1.12 suitability testing, n—a specific group of tests which
Both ends of the straightedge should be in contact with the
are performed in the laboratory on an uninstalled surface
asphalt surface. At each location use visual observation to
sample. Such testing serves as a guideline for general surface
determine if a gap exists under the straightedge. Should a gap
compliance to the standard. It makes no inference about an
exist, use a calibrated wedge to determine the actual size of the
installed surface.
gap. For runways, the measurement is regularly taken up the
3.1.13 track classification, n—a rating given to a surface
center of the runway. Where a gap is found, this is recorded on
based on the test results of either the suitability testing or site
a plan of the facility.
testing. Tracks are classified A to C in descending order. To
achieve a classification, a surface must comply with all of the
Drainage
test specifications of that classification.
5.5 Description and Required Performance—Due to the
3.1.13.1 track classification A—a rating given to surfaces
requirements for evenness, the drainage requirements for the
that meet the specifications for the A level track surfaces as
asphalt surface shall be the same as the drainage requirements
specified herein.
for the synthetic surface as specified in this standard.
3.1.13.2 track classification B—a rating given to surfaces
5.6 Test Method—The asphalt surface is flooded with water
that meet the specifications for B level track surface as
by any number of means, and the time is measured from the
specified herein.
time the flooding stops for 20 min. Locations with standing
3.1.13.3 track classification C—a rating given to surfaces
water are noted on a plan of the facility.
that meet the specifications for C level track surface as
specified herein.
6. Test Methods, Description, and Required Performance
for Newly Installed Synthetic Surfaces
4. Significance and Use
Imperfections
4.1 Data obtained from this specification are indicative of
the performance characteristics for the running track surface
6.1 Description and Required Performance—The durability
and can be used only for comparisons and establishing mini-
and dynamic performance of the surface may be compromised
mum requirements.
by imperfections such as bubbles, fissures, uncured areas,
delamination, etc. These will not be allowed and must be
5. Test Methods and Requirements for Asphalt Base
corrected.
6.2 Test Method—A visual examination of the surface is
Type and Compaction
conducted and imperfections noted on a plan of the facility. A
photographic record of imperfections may be used to enhance
5.1 Description and Required Performance—The asphalt
the report.
base and asphalt wearing course (two layers) for the running
track shall conform to the mixes established for road traffic in
Evenness
the jurisdiction and according to the synthetic surface manu-
facturers’ recommendation of the running track. The asphalt 6.3 Description and Required Performance—The running
base and asphalt wearing course (two layers) shall be com- tracksurfaceshallbeinstalledsothatonalocalizedlevel,there
pacted to a minimum of 95 % density for machine finish and shall be no bumps or depressions beneath a 3-m straightedge
90 % density for hand packed areas according to Test Method exceeding 6 mm for a Class A and B surfaces or 8 mm for
D 2950. Laboratory tests are performed with local DOT Class C surfaces. Depressions beneath a 1-m straightedge shall
procedures. Hand-packed limited to areas not accessible by not exceed 3 mm for ClassAand Class B surface or 4 mm for
appropriate equipment. Where the asphalt is permeable to Class C. There shall be no step-like irregularities greater than
water or of an open type, vertical drainage is required. 1 mm in height. Particular attention is to be paid to seams and
F2157–02
TABLE 1 Performance Requirements for the Tests
Test Method Class A Class B Class C Suitability/
and Requirement Requirement Requirement Requirement Site Test
Imperfections No bubbles, fissures, uncured No bubbles, fissures, uncured No bubbles, fissures, uncured Site
A
areas delamination, etc areas delamination, etc. areas delamination, etc
Evenness No depressions over 6 mm in 3 m No depressions over 6 mm in 3 m No depressions over 8 mm in 3 m Site
or 3 mm/1 m; No step-like or 3 mm/1 m; no step-like or 4 mm/1 m; No step-like
A
irregularities greater than 1 mm irregularities greater than 1 mm irregularities greater than 1 mm
Thickness Min 12 mm avg; nowhere <10 mm Min 12 mm avg; nowhere <10 mm Min 12 mm avg; Nowhere <10 mm Suitability site
10–10.5 mm <5 % of total surface
A
area
Drainage No standing water above surface No standing water over 3 mm No standing water over 3 mm Site
texture after 20 min above surface texture after 20 min; above surface texture after 20 min;
areas under 5 % slope by designed areas under 5 % slope by design
exempt; total puddles under 0.2 % exempt; total puddles under 0.2 %
total syn surface; no single puddles total syn surface; no single puddles
2 2
over 2 m in size over 2 m in size
A
Force reduction 35 to 50 % at 10 to 40°C 30 to 50 % 10 to 40°C 25 to 50 % 10 to 40°C Suitability site
A
Modified vertical 0.6to1.8mm 0.6 to 2.5 mm 0.5 to 3.0 mm Suitability site
deformation
A A A
Texture influence (wet) Not to exceed IAAF requirement Not to exceed IAAF requirement Not to exceed IAAF requirement Suitability site
Tensile properties Strength: porous—min 0.4 MPa; Strength: porous—min 0.4 MPa; Strength: porous—min 0.4 MPa; Suitability site
nonporous—min 0.5 MPa; nonporous—min 0.5 MPa; nonporous—min 0.5 MPa;
A
Elongation all surfaces—min 40 % elongation all surfaces—min 40 % elongation all surfaces—min 35 %
A
Color grey scale Even color Even color or even fading if by Even color or even fading if by Suitability site
design design
Weathering Min 75 % of pre-exposure value for Min 75 % of pre-exposure value for Min 75 % of pre-exposure value for Suitability site (optional)
strength and elongation on break; strength and elongation on break; strength and elongation on break;
no visual imperfections no visual imperfections no visual imperfections
Spike resistance No visible signs of damage No visible signs of damage Max of 10 lasting penetrations, no Suitability site (optional)
tears or splits
Flammability Must receive a result of “Pass” Must receive a result of “Pass” Must receive a result of “Pass” Suitability site
A
IAAF requirement.
joints in the running surface. The intent is to ensure the safety area with a thickness between 10 mm and 10.5 mm shall be no
of the athlete and provide an even running surface. greater than 5 % of the total surface.
6.4 Test Method—Drag or regularly place the 3-m straight-
6.6 Test Method:
edge, advancing by one half the length of the straightedge for
6.6.1 A calibrated three-prong floor depth measuring probe
each measurement, on the surface, along the length of the
is used to determine the thickness of the running surface. Care
odd-numbered lanes and centerline of each run-up and ap-
must be taken not to penetrate the asphalt base of the running
proach area as a minimum.Additional locations may be tested
surface. This thickness is measured at a minimum of 100
at the discretion of the test laboratory. Both ends of the
locations, starting at the finish line and moving in a counter-
straightedge should be in contact with the surface. At each
clockwise direction taking readings first in the even lanes (2, 4,
location use visual observation to determine if a gap exists
6, 8) and then the odd lanes (1, 3, 5, 7) in the center of each
underthestraightedge.Shouldagapexist,verifythatbothends
lane and at regular intervals. For Class A, the interval is set at
of the straightedge rest on the surface, moving the straightedge
every 10 m. Runways shall be probed at 5-m intervals centered
if necessary, then use a calibrated wedge to determine the
along the length and the “D area” shall be probed on a
actual size of the gap. For runways, the measurement is taken
minimum of 15 locations evenly spaced throughout the area as
up the center of the runway. For the high jump fan or “D” the
a minimum for Class B and Class C, while for ClassA, the test
measurement is taken at 5-m intervals along parallel axes in
must be performed at 5-m intervals along parallel axes in two
two directions. Where a gap is found exceeding the maximum
directions. The measurements taken are recorded and the test
for the class, this is recorded on a plan of the facility.
points listed in the test report.
Thickness 6.6.2 Acore (10 mm to 25 mm in diameter) is removed and
measured using the following method to make the final
6.5 Description and Required Performance—
...