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ASTM D975-04

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils

Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers five grades of diesel fuel oils suitable for various types of diesel engines. These grades are described as follows:
1.1.1 Grade Low Sulfur No. 1-D—A special-purpose, light distillate fuel for automotive diesel engines requiring low sulfur fuel and requiring higher volatility than that provided by Grade Low Sulfur No. 2-D.
1.1.2 Grade Low Sulfur No. 2-D—A general-purpose, middle distillate fuel for automotive diesel engines requiring low sulfur fuel. It is also suitable for use in non-automotive applications, especially in conditions of varying speed and load.
1.1.3 Grade No. 1-D—A special-purpose, light distillate fuel for automotive diesel engines in applications requiring higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D fuels.
1.1.4 Grade No. 2-D—A general-purpose, middle distillate fuel for automotive diesel engines, which is also suitable for use in non-automotive applications, especially in conditions of frequently varying speed and load.
1.1.5 Grade No. 4-D—A heavy distillate fuel, or a blend of distillate and residual oil, for low- and medium-speed diesel engines in non-automotive applications involving predominantly constant speed and load.
Note 1—A more detailed description of the grades of diesel fuel oils is given in X1.2.
1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the required properties of diesel fuels at the time and place of delivery.
1.2.1 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which may be more restrictive.
Note 2—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate diesel fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D 4865.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jan-2004
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.E0 - Burner, Diesel and Non-Aviation Gas Turbine Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D975-03 - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
Effective Date
01-Feb-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D975-04a - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7042-21a - Standard Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of Kinematic Viscosity)
Effective Date
01-Feb-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7467-20a - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)
Effective Date
01-Feb-2004
Referred By
ASTM D4868-17 - Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net and Gross Heat of Combustion of Hydrocarbon Burner and Diesel Fuels
Effective Date
01-Feb-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6728-16(2021) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Contaminants in Gas Turbine and Diesel Engine Fuel by Rotating Disc Electrode Atomic Emission Spectrometry
Effective Date
01-Feb-2004
Referred By
ASTM F1990-23 - Standard Guide for In-Situ Burning of Spilled Oil: Ignition Devices
Effective Date
01-Feb-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7806-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) and Triglyceride Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR Transmission Method)
Effective Date
01-Feb-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7591-12(2017) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Free and Total Glycerin in Biodiesel Blends by Anion Exchange Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Feb-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6751-23a - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blendstock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
Effective Date
01-Feb-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6217-21 - Standard Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Middle Distillate Fuels by Laboratory Filtration<rangeref></rangeref >
Effective Date
01-Feb-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6258-17 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Solvent Red 164 Dye Concentration in Diesel Fuels
Effective Date
01-Feb-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7545-14(2019)e1 - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Middle Distillate Fuels&#x2014;Rapid Small Scale Oxidation Test (RSSOT)
Effective Date
01-Feb-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7464-20 - Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Liquid Fuels, Associated Materials and Fuel System Components for Microbiological Testing
Effective Date
01-Feb-2004
Referred By
ASTM D4737-21 - Standard Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation
Effective Date
01-Feb-2004

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ASTM D975-04 - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsASTM D975-04 - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
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ASTM D975-04 - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 975 – 04
Standard Specification for
1
Diesel Fuel Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
problems in the handling of distillate diesel fuel oils. For more informa-
1. Scope
tion on the subject, see Guide D 4865.
1.1 This specification covers five grades of diesel fuel oils
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
suitable for various types of diesel engines. These grades are
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
described as follows:
only.
1.1.1 Grade Low Sulfur No. 1-D—A special-purpose, light
distillate fuel for automotive diesel engines requiring low
2. Referenced Documents
sulfur fuel and requiring higher volatility than that provided by
3
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Grade Low Sulfur No. 2-D.
D 56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester
1.1.2 Grade Low Sulfur No. 2-D—A general-purpose,
D 86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
middle distillate fuel for automotive diesel engines requiring
Atmospheric Pressure
low sulfur fuel. It is also suitable for use in non-automotive
D 93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
applications, especially in conditions of varying speed and
2
Closed Cup Tester
load.
D 97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
1.1.3 Grade No. 1-D—A special-purpose, light distillate
D 129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
fuel for automotive diesel engines in applications requiring
eral Bomb Method)
higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D fuels.
D 130 Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion from
1.1.4 Grade No. 2-D—A general-purpose, middle distillate
Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test
fuel for automotive diesel engines, which is also suitable for
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
use in non-automotive applications, especially in conditions of
and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic
frequently varying speed and load.
Viscosity)
1.1.5 Grade No. 4-D—A heavy distillate fuel, or a blend of
D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
distillate and residual oil, for low- and medium-speed diesel
D 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
engines in non-automotive applications involving predomi-
Petroleum Products
nantly constant speed and load.
D 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
NOTE 1—A more detailed description of the grades of diesel fuel oils is
D 976 Test Methods for Calculated Cetane Index of Distil-
given in X1.2.
late Fuels
1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agree-
D 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
ment between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the
(Lamp Method)
required properties of diesel fuels at the time and place of
D 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid
delivery.
Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
1.2.1 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance
D 1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Prod-
of federal, state, or local regulations which may be more
ucts (ASTM Color Scale)
restrictive.
D 1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
(High-Temperature Method)
NOTE 2—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create
D 1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
1
D 2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non–Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2004. Published March 2004. Originally
3
approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 975–03. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
2
This fuel complies with 40 CFR Part 80—Regulation of Fuels and Fuel contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Additives: Fuel Quality Regulations for Highway Diesel Fuel Sold in 1993 and Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Later Calendar Years. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D975–04
Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method) IP 309 Diesel and Domes
...

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1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
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8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
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Test Procedure  
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Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
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Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
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5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
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1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
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SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the hydrogen content of petroleum products ranging from atmospheric distillates to vacuum residua using a continuous wave, low-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. (Test Method D3701 is the preferred method for determining the hydrogen content of aviation turbine fuels using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.)  
1.2 Three test methods are included here that account for the special characteristics of different petroleum products and apply to the following distillation ranges:    
Test Method  
Petroleum Products  
Boiling Range, °C (°F)
(approximate)  
A  
Light Distillates  
15–260 (60–500)  
B  
Middle Distillates  
200–370 (400–700)  
Gas Oils  
370–510 (700–950)  
C  
Residua  
510+ (950+ )  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. The preferred units are mass %.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7.2 and 7.4.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8252-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Vanadium and Nickel in Crude and Residual Oil by X-ray Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a rapid and precise elemental measurement with simple sample preparation. Typical analysis times are approximately 4 min to 5 min per sample with a preparation time of approximately 1 min to 3 min per sample.  
5.2 The quality of crude oil is related to the amount of sulfur present. Knowledge of the vanadium and nickel concentration is necessary for processing purposes as well as contractual agreements.  
5.3 The presence of vanadium and nickel presents significant risks for contamination of the cracking catalysts in the refining process.  
5.4 This test method provides a means of determining whether the vanadium and nickel content of crude meets the operational limits of the refinery and whether the metal content will have a deleterious effect on the refining process or when used as a fuel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of total vanadium and nickel in crude and residual oil in the concentration ranges shown in Table 1 using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.  
1.2 Sulfur is measured for analytical purposes only for the compensation of X-ray absorption matrix effects affecting the vanadium and nickel X-rays. For measurement of sulfur by standard test method use Test Methods D4294, D2622 or other suitable standard test method for sulfur in crude and residual oils.  
1.3 This test method is limited to the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers employing an X-ray tube for excitation in conjunction with wavelength dispersive detection system or energy dispersive high resolution semiconductor detector with the ability to separate signals of adjacent and near-adjacent elements.  
1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6.1 The preferred concentrations units are mg/kg for vanadium and nickel.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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