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ASTM E2248-12

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Impact Testing of Miniaturized Charpy V-Notch Specimens

Standard Test Method for Impact Testing of Miniaturized Charpy V-Notch Specimens

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
There are cases where it is impractical or impossible to prepare conventional CVN specimens. MCVN specimens are an alternative approach for characterizing notched specimen impact behavior. Typical applications include MCVN specimens prepared from the broken halves of previously tested specimens, from thin product form material, or from material cut from in-service components.
This standard establishes the requirements for performing impact tests on MCVN specimens fabricated from metallic materials. Minimum requirements are given for measurement and recording equipment such that similar sensitivity and comparable measurements, as compared to conventional CVN tests, are achieved. The user should be aware that the transition region temperature dependence data obtained from MCVN specimens are not directly comparable to those obtained from full-size standard Charpy-V specimens and suitable correlation procedures have to be employed to obtain ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) data equivalent to those obtained using CVN specimens. In all instances, correlations will have to be developed to relate upper shelf energy (USE) data from MCVN test to CVN comparable energy levels. Application of MCVN test data to the evaluation of ferritic material behavior is the responsibility of the user of this test method. MCVN test data should not be used directly to determine the lowest allowable operating temperature for an in-service material. The data must be interpreted within the framework of a fracture mechanics assessment.
While this Test Method treats the use of an instrumented striker as an option, the use of instrumentation in the impact test is recommended and is fully described in Test Method E2298. In order to establish the force-displacement diagram, it is necessary to measure the impact force as a function of time during contact of the striker with the specimen. The area under the force-displacement curve is a measure of absorbed energy. As an alternative, ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes notched-bar impact testing of metallic materials using Miniaturized Charpy V-Notch (MCVN) specimens and test apparatus. It provides: (a) a description of the apparatus, (b) requirements for inspection and calibration, (c) safety precautions, (d) sampling, (e) dimensions and preparation of specimens, (f) testing procedures, and (g) precision and bias.
1.2 This standard concerns Miniaturized Charpy V-Notch specimens, for which all linear dimensions, including length and notch depth, are reduced with respect to a type A standard impact test specimen in accordance with Test Methods E23. These are not the same as sub-size specimens, described in Annex A3 of Test Methods E23, for which length, notch angle and notch depth are the same as for the standard type A Charpy specimen. See also 1.5 below.
1.3 Comparison of the MCVN data with conventional Charpy V-Notch (CVN) data or application of the MCVN data, or both, to the evaluation of ferritic material behavior is the responsibility of the user of this test method and is not explicitly covered by this test method.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not address testing of sub-size specimens as discussed in Test Methods E23. The reader should understand the distinction between miniature and subsize. Miniature specimens are shorter that sub-size specimens so that more tests can be conducted per unit volume of material. Moreover, miniature specimens are designed so that the stress fields which control fracture are similar to those of conventional Test Methods E23 specimens.
1.6 The MCVN test may be performed using a typical Test Methods E23 test machine with suitably modified anvils and striker or using a smaller capacity machine.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with ...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2012
ICS
77.040.10 - Mechanical testing of metals
Technical Committee
E28 - Mechanical Testing
Drafting Committee
E28.07 - Impact Testing
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E2248-09 - Standard Test Method for Impact Testing of Miniaturized Charpy V-Notch Specimens
Effective Date
01-Apr-2012
Replaced By
ASTM E2248-13 - Standard Test Method for Impact Testing of Miniaturized Charpy V-Notch Specimens
Effective Date
01-Apr-2013
Referred By
ASTM E2298-18 - Standard Test Method for Instrumented Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
Effective Date
01-Apr-2012

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2248 − 12
StandardTest Method for
1
Impact Testing of Miniaturized Charpy V-Notch Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2248; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 Thistestmethoddescribesnotched-barimpacttestingof
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
metallic materials using Miniaturized Charpy V-Notch
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
(MCVN) specimens and test apparatus. It provides: (a)a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
description of the apparatus, (b) requirements for inspection
andcalibration,(c)safetyprecautions,(d)sampling,(e)dimen-
2. Referenced Documents
sions and preparation of specimens, (f) testing procedures, and
2
(g) precision and bias.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
1.2 This standard concerns Miniaturized Charpy V-Notch
of Steel Products
specimens, for which all linear dimensions, including length
E23Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Me-
and notch depth, are reduced with respect to a typeAstandard
tallic Materials
impact test specimen in accordance with Test Methods E23.
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
These are not the same as sub-size specimens, described in
ASTM Test Methods
AnnexA3 of Test Methods E23, for which length, notch angle
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
andnotchdeptharethesameasforthestandardtypeACharpy
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
specimen. See also 1.5 below.
E2298Test Method for Instrumented Impact Testing of
1.3 Comparison of the MCVN data with conventional
Metallic Materials
CharpyV-Notch(CVN)dataorapplicationoftheMCVNdata,
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
or both, to the evaluation of ferritic material behavior is the
ISO 148Metallic materials -- Charpy pendulum impact test
responsibility of the user of this test method and is not
-- Part 1: Test method
explicitly covered by this test method.
ISO 14556Steel -- Charpy V-notch pendulum impact test --
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Instrumented test method
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
3. Summary of Test Method
1.5 This standard does not address testing of sub-size
3.1 The essential features of the MCVN impact test are: (a)
specimens as discussed in Test Methods E23. The reader
a suitable miniature three point bend specimen, (b) anvils and
should understand the distinction between miniature and sub-
supports on which the test specimen is placed to receive the
size. Miniature specimens are shorter that sub-size specimens
blow of the moving mass, (c) a moving mass (striker) that has
so that more tests can be conducted per unit volume of
been released from a sufficient height to cause the mass to
material. Moreover, miniature specimens are designed so that
break the specimen placed in its path, (d) a device for
the stress fields which control fracture are similar to those of
determining the energy absorbed by the broken specimen, and
conventional Test Methods E23 specimens.
optionally (e) instrumentation for measuring applied force as a
1.6 The MCVN test may be performed using a typical Test
functionoftimeduringspecimenloading(refertoTestMethod
Methods E23 test machine with suitably modified anvils and
E2298).
striker or using a smaller capacity machine.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.07 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Impact Testing. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved April 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originally Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E2248–09. DOI: la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://
10.1520/E2248-12. www.iso.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2248 − 12
3.2 Thetestconsistsofbreakingtheminiaturizedspecimen, duringcontactofthestrikerwiththespecimen.Theareaunder
notched in the middle, and supported at ea
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E2248–09 Designation: E2248 – 12
Standard Test Method for
1
Impact Testing of Miniaturized Charpy V-Notch Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2248; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes notched-bar impact testing of metallic materials using Miniaturized Charpy V-Notch (MCVN)
specimens and test apparatus. It provides: (a) a description of the apparatus, (b) requirements for inspection and calibration, (c)
safety precautions, (d) sampling, (e) dimensions and preparation of specimens, (f) testing procedures, and (g) precision and bias.
1.2 This standard concerns Miniaturized Charpy V-Notch specimens, for which all linear dimensions, including length and
notch depth, are reduced with respect to a typeAstandard impact test specimen in accordance with Test Methods E23. These are
not the same as sub-size specimens, described in Annex A3 of Test Methods E23, for which length, notch angle and notch depth
are the same as for the standard type A Charpy specimen. See also 1.5 below.
1.3 Comparison of the MCVN data with conventional Charpy V-Notch (CVN) data or application of the MCVN data, or both,
to the evaluation of ferritic material behavior is the responsibility of the user of this test method and is not explicitly covered by
this test method.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not address testing of sub-size specimens as discussed in Test Methods E23. The reader should
understand the distinction between miniature and subsize. Miniature specimens are shorter that sub-size specimens so that more
tests can be conducted per unit volume of material. Moreover, miniature specimens are designed so that the stress fields which
control fracture are similar to those of conventional Test Methods E23 specimens.
1.6 The MCVN test may be performed using a typical Test Methods E23 test machine with suitably modified anvils and striker
or using a smaller capacity machine.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
E23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E2298 Test Method for Instrumented Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 148 Metallic materials -- Charpy pendulum impact test -- Part 1: Test method
ISO 14556 Steel -- Charpy V-notch pendulum impact test -- Instrumented test method
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The essential features of the MCVN impact test are: (a) a suitable miniature three point bend specimen, (b) anvils and
supports on which the test specimen is placed to receive the blow of the moving mass, (c) a moving mass (striker) that has been
released from a sufficient height to cause the mass to break the specimen placed in its path, (d) a device for determining the energy
absorbed by the broken specimen, and optionally (e) instrumentation for measuring applied force as a function of time during
specimen loading (refer to Test Method E2298).
3.2 The test consists of breaking the miniaturized specimen, notched in the middle, and supported at each end, with one blow
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.07 on Impact Testing.
Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published April 2009. DOI: 10.1520/E2248-09.
Current edition approvedApril 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E2248–09. DOI: 10.1520/E2248-12.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For AnnualBookofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s
...

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SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the tension testing of metallic materials in any form at room temperature, specifically, the methods of determination of yield strength, yield point elongation, tensile strength, elongation, and reduction of area.  
1.2 The gauge lengths for most round specimens are required to be 4D for E8 and 5D for E8M. The gauge length is the most significant difference between E8 and E8M test specimens. Test specimens made from powder metallurgy (P/M) materials are exempt from this requirement by industry-wide agreement to keep the pressing of the material to a specific projected area and density.  
1.3 Exceptions to the provisions of these test methods may need to be made in individual specifications or test methods for a particular material. For examples, see Test Methods and Definitions A370 and Test Methods B557, and B557M.  
1.4 Room temperature shall be considered to be 10 °C to 38 °C [50 °F to 100°F] unless otherwise specified.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as separate from inch/pound units. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E18-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The Rockwell hardness test is an empirical indentation hardness test that can provide useful information about metallic materials. This information may correlate to tensile strength, wear resistance, ductility, and other physical characteristics of metallic materials, and may be useful in quality control and selection of materials.  
4.2 Rockwell hardness tests are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, and have been used extensively in industry for this purpose.  
4.3 Rockwell hardness testing at a specific location on a part may not represent the physical characteristics of the whole part or end product.  
4.4 Adherence to this standard test method provides traceability to national Rockwell hardness standards except as stated otherwise.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the Rockwell hardness and the Rockwell superficial hardness of metallic materials by the Rockwell indentation hardness principle. This standard provides the requirements for Rockwell hardness machines and the procedures for performing Rockwell hardness tests.  
1.2 This test method includes requirements for the use of portable Rockwell hardness testing machines that measure Rockwell hardness by the Rockwell hardness test principle and can meet all the requirements of this test method, including the direct and indirect verifications of the testing machine. Portable Rockwell hardness testing machines that cannot meet the direct verification requirements and can only be verified by indirect verification requirements are covered in Test Method E110.  
1.3 This standard includes additional requirements in the following annexes:    
Verification of Rockwell Hardness Testing Machines  
Annex A1  
Rockwell Hardness Standardizing Machines  
Annex A2  
Standardization of Rockwell Indenters  
Annex A3  
Standardization of Rockwell Hardness Test Blocks  
Annex A4  
Guidelines for Determining the Minimum Thickness of a
Test Piece  
Annex A5  
Hardness Value Corrections When Testing on Convex
Cylindrical Surfaces  
Annex A6  
1.4 This standard includes nonmandatory information in the following appendixes that relates to the Rockwell hardness test.    
List of ASTM Standards Giving Hardness Values Corresponding
to Tensile Strength  
Appendix X1  
Examples of Procedures for Determining Rockwell
Hardness Uncertainty  
Appendix X2  
1.5 Units—At the time the Rockwell hardness test was developed, the force levels were specified in units of kilograms-force (kgf) and the indenter ball diameters were specified in units of inches (in.). This standard specifies the units of force and length in the International System of Units (SI); that is, force in Newtons (N) and length in millimeters (mm). However, because of the historical precedent and continued common usage, force values in kgf units and ball diameters in inch units are provided for information and much of the discussion in this standard refers to these units.  
1.6 The test principles, testing procedures, and verification procedures are essentially identical for both the Rockwell and Rockwell superficial hardness tests. The significant differences between the two tests are that the test forces are smaller for the Rockwell superficial test than for the Rockwell test. The same type and size indenters may be used for either test, depending on the scale being employed. Accordingly, throughout this standard, the term Rockwell will imply both Rockwell and Rockwell superficial unless stated otherwise.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized p...

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ASTM
ASTM E3246-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Differential Indentation Depth Hardness of Metallic Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The Differential Indentation Depth hardness test is an empirical indentation hardness test that can provide useful information about metallic materials. This information can correlate to tensile strength, wear resistance, ductility, and other physical characteristics of metallic materials, and can be useful in quality control and selection of materials.  
4.2 Differential Indentation Depth hardness tests are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, and have been used in industry for this purpose.  
4.3 Differential Indentation Depth hardness testing at a specific location on a part might not represent the physical characteristics of the whole part or end product. Machines that comply with this Standard are used when machines that comply with the regular hardness standards such as Test Methods E10, E18, E92, and E384 cannot be used. Test results obtained with these machines are comparable BUT NOT EQUIVALENT to those obtained with machines that comply with the above mentioned standards.  
4.4 Differential Indentation Depth hardness testing machines covered by this standard do not comply with Test Methods E10, E18, E92, or E110.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the Differential Indentation Depth hardness of metallic materials by the Differential Indentation Depth hardness principle. This standard provides the requirements for Differential Indentation Depth hardness testing machines and the procedures for performing Differential Indentation Depth hardness tests.  
1.2 This standard includes additional requirements in annexes:    
Verification of Differential Indentation Depth Hardness Testing Machines  
Annex A1  
Guidelines for Determining the Minimum Thickness of a Test Piece  
Annex A2  
1.3 This standard includes non-mandatory information in appendixes which relates to the Differential Indentation Depth hardness test.    
List of ASTM Standards Giving Hardness Numbers Corresponding to Tensile Strength  
Appendix X1  
Examples of Procedures for Determining Differential Indentation Depth Hardness Uncertainty  
Appendix X2  
Examples of Indenters Used in Differential Indentation Depth Machines  
Appendix X3  
1.4 Units—This standard specifies the units of force and length in the International System of Units (SI); that is, force in Newtons (N) and length in micrometers (µm). However, because of continued common usage, values are provided in other units of measure for information.  
1.5 The test principles, testing procedures, and verification procedures are essentially identical for all the Differential Indentation Depth hardness testing instruments. The testing instruments may use different test forces and indenter shapes. The type and size of the indenters are matched to the design of the instrument by the manufacturer. Accordingly, the indenters, probes and other instrument components are generally not interchangeable among manufacturers.  
1.6 The hardness number reported by these instruments are based on direct correlations to existing hardness scales as determined by each manufacturer for each instrument and hardness scale. Unless otherwise noted on the instrument or in the operating manual for the instrument, the hardness numbers reported by the instrument are only applicable to non-austenitic steels. See 5.6.1 for additional information.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organizati...

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ASTM
ASTM E436-03(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Drop-Weight Tear Tests of Ferritic Steels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method can be used to determine the appearance of propagating fractures in plain carbon or low-alloy pipe steels (yield strengths less than 825 MPa) over the temperature range where the fracture mode changes from brittle (cleavage or flat) to ductile (shear or oblique).  
4.2 This test method can serve the following purposes:  
4.2.1 For research and development, to study the effect of metallurgical variables such as composition or heat treatment, or of fabricating operations such as welding or forming on the mode of fracture propagation.  
4.2.2 For evaluation of materials for service to indicate the suitability of a material for specific applications by indicating fracture propagation behavior at the service temperature(s).  
4.2.3 For information or specification purposes, to provide a manufacturing quality control only when suitable correlations have been established with service behavior.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers drop-weight tear tests (DWTT) on ferritic steels with thicknesses between 3.18 mm and 19.1 mm.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E143-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Shear Modulus at Room Temperature

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Shear modulus is a material property useful in calculating compliance of structural materials in torsion provided they follow Hooke's law, that is, the angle of twist is proportional to the applied torque. Examples of the use of shear modulus are in the design of rotating shafts and helical compression springs.  
5.2 The procedural steps and precision of the apparatus and the test specimens should be appropriate to the shape and the material type, since the method applies to a wide variety of materials and sizes.  
5.3 Precise determination of shear modulus depends on the numerous variables that may affect such determinations.  
5.3.1 These factors include characteristics of the specimen such as residual stress, concentricity, wall thickness in the case of tubes, deviation from nominal value, previous strain history, and specimen dimension.  
5.3.2 Testing conditions that influence the results include axial position of the specimen, temperature and temperature variations, and maintenance of the apparatus.  
5.3.3 Interpretation of data also influences results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of shear modulus of structural materials. This test method is limited to materials in which, and to stresses at which, creep is negligible compared to the strain produced immediately upon loading. Elastic properties such as shear modulus, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio are not determined routinely and are generally not specified in materials specifications.  
1.2 For materials that follow nonlinear elastic stress-strain behavior, the value of tangent or chord shear modulus is useful for estimating the change in torsional strain to corresponding stress for a specified stress or stress-range, respectively. Such determinations are, however, outside the scope of this standard. (See for example Ref (1).)2  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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