ASTM E8/E8M-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Tension tests provide information on the strength and ductility of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses. This information may be useful in comparisons of materials, alloy development, quality control, and design under certain circumstances.
The results of tension tests of specimens machined to standardized dimensions from selected portions of a part or material may not totally represent the strength and ductility properties of the entire end product or its in-service behavior in different environments.
These test methods are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments. The test methods have been used extensively in the trade for this purpose.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the tension testing of metallic materials in any form at room temperature, specifically, the methods of determination of yield strength, yield point elongation, tensile strength, elongation, and reduction of area.
1.2 The gage lengths for most round specimens are required to be 4D for E8 and 5D for E8M. The gage length is the most significant difference between E8 and E8M Test Specimens Test specimens made from powder metallurgy (P/M) materials are exempt from this requirement by industry-wide agreement to keep the pressing of the material to a specific projected area and density.
1.3 Exceptions to the provisions of these test methods may need to be made in individual specifications or test methods for a particular material. For examples, see Test Methods and Definitions A370 and Test Methods B557, and B557M.
1.4 Room temperature shall be considered to be 10 to 38°C [50 to 100°F] unless otherwise specified.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as separate from inch/pound units. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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American Association State
Designation: E8/E8M – 09 Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T68
An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
1
Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E8/E8M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
of Steel Products
1.1 These test methods cover the tension testing of metallic
B557 Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast
materials in any form at room temperature, specifically, the
Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products
methods of determination of yield strength, yield point elon-
B557M TestMethodsforTensionTestingWroughtandCast
gation, tensile strength, elongation, and reduction of area.
Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products (Metric)
1.2 The gage lengths for most round specimens are required
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
to be 4D for E8 and 5D for E8M. The gage length is the most
E6 TerminologyRelatingtoMethodsofMechanicalTesting
significant difference between E8 and E8M Test Specimens
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Test specimens made from powder metallurgy (P/M) materials
Determine Conformance with Specifications
are exempt from this requirement by industry-wide agreement
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
to keep the pressing of the material to a specific projected area
someter Systems
and density.
E345 Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Foil
1.3 Exceptions to the provisions of these test methods may
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
needtobemadeinindividualspecificationsortestmethodsfor
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
a particular material. For examples, see Test Methods and
E1012 PracticeforVerificationofTestFrameandSpecimen
Definitions A370 and Test Methods B557, and B557M.
Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial Force
1.4 Room temperature shall be considered to be 10 to 38°C
Application
[50 to 100°F] unless otherwise specified.
E1856 Guide for Evaluating Computerized Data Acquisi-
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
tion Systems Used toAcquire Data from Universal Testing
separate from inch/pound units. The values stated in each
Machines
system are not exact equivalents; therefore each system must
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
3. Terminology
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
3.1 Definitions—The definitions of terms relating to tension
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
testing appearing in Terminology E6 shall be considered as
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
applying to the terms used in these test methods of tension
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
testing. Additional terms being defined are as follows:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.1 discontinuous yielding—in a uniaxial test, a hesitation
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
or fluctuation of force observed at the onset of plastic defor-
2. Referenced Documents mation, due to localized yielding. (The stress-strain curve need
2
not appear to be discontinuous.)
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.2 elongation at fracture—the elongation measured just
A356/A356M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon,
prior to the sudden decrease in force associated with fracture.
Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam
For many materials not exhibiting a sudden decrease in force,
Turbines
the elongation at fracture can be taken as the strain measured
just prior to when the force falls below 10 % of the maximum
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
force encountered during the test.
Mechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on
-2
3.1.3 lower yield strength, LYS [FL ]—in a uniaxial test,
Uniaxial Testing.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originally
the minimum stress recorded during discontinuous yielding,
approved in 1924. Last previous edition approved 2008 as E8/E8M – 08. DOI:
ignoring transient effects.
10.1520/E0008_E0008M-09.
2 3.1.4 uniform elongation, El , [%]—the elongation deter-
u
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
mined at the maximum force sustained by the test piece just
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annu
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
American Association State
Designation:E8/E8M–08 Designation: E8/E8M – 09 Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T68
An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
1
Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E8/E8M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 Thesetestmethodscoverthetensiontestingofmetallicmaterialsinanyformatroomtemperature,specifically,themethods
of determination of yield strength, yield point elongation, tensile strength, elongation, and reduction of area.
1.2 The gage lengths for most round specimens are required to be 4D for E8 and 5D for E8M. The gage length is the most
significant difference between E8 and E8M Test Specimens Test specimens made from powder metallurgy (P/M) materials are
exempt from this requirement by industry-wide agreement to keep the pressing of the material to a specific projected area and
density.
1.3 Exceptions to the provisions of these test methods may need to be made in individual specifications or test methods for a
particular material. For examples, see Test Methods and Definitions A370 and Test Methods B557, , and B557M.
1.4 Room temperature shall be considered to be 10 to 38°C [50 to 100°F] unless otherwise specified.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as separate from inch/pound units. The values stated in each system are not
exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may
result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A356/A356M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
B557 Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products
B557M Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products (Metric)
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
E345 Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Foil
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1012 PracticeforVerificationofTestFrameandSpecimenAlignmentUnderTensileandCompressiveAxialForceApplication
E1856 Guide for Evaluating Computerized Data Acquisition Systems Used to Acquire Data from Universal Testing Machines
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—ThedefinitionsoftermsrelatingtotensiontestingappearinginTerminologyE6shallbeconsideredasapplying
to the terms used in these test methods of tension testing. Additional terms being defined are as follows:
3.1.1 discontinuous yielding—in a uniaxial test, a hesitation or fluctuation of force observed at the onset of plastic deformation,
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on Uniaxial
Testing.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2008. Published March 2008. Originally approved in 1924. Last previous edition approved 2004 as E8–04. DOI: 10.1520/
E0008_E0008M-08.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originally approved in 1924. Last previous edition approved 2008 as E8/E8M – 08. DOI:
10.1520/E0008_E0008M-09.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
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