ASTM E613-96

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ASTM Eb13 9b m 0759510 0583856 436
Designation: E 613 - 96 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr. Wes1 Conshaiodien, PA 19428
Reprinted horn lhe Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
If rot listed in the cunent combined index. will appear in ttm next edition.
Standard Guide for
Evaluation of Nematode Control Agents-Side Effects of
Nematicide Application on Other Organisms1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 6 13; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision. the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The application of a nematicide often has direct or indirect effects on organisms other than
nematodes that influence plant growth. Therefore, a complete and accurate evaluation of a
nematicide must include consideration of these factors. Prior to evaluating a nematicide in a given
field, the investigator should be aware of the field's history in regard to past infestations by
soilborne fungal and bacterial pathogens, nematode-borne viruses, and soil insects. If available, a
selective pesticide for any of the above pests should be included for comparison, thus enabling the
investigator to measure more precisely the nematicidal effectiveness of the test compound per se.
2.1.3 Ditylenchus dipsaci injures or weakens, or both,
1. Scope
potato stems and increases host susceptibility to infections
This guide provides examples of some possible compii-
with Phoma solanicola (9).
cating factors to alert the investigator to sources of side-
2.1.4 Heterodera glycines greatly increases the seventy of
effects of nematicide application. It is not intended to
Fusarium wilt in soybeans (10).
provide intensive and extensive methods of investigating the
2.1.5 Heterodera schachtii facilitates the entrance of
associated organisms or the diseases they cause because the
Rhizoctonia solani in sugarbeets (11) and increases damping-
expertise and responsibility for this lie outside the discipline
off of sugarbeets by Pythium ultimum (12).
of nematology. Essentially, short summary statements are
2.1.6 Globodera rostochiensis increases the seventy of
made relative to specific documented associations.
Verticillium dahliae infection of potato (13) and Rhizoctonia
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
solani infection of tomato (14).
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2.1.7 Globodera tabacum increases the seventy of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Verticillium albo-atrum infection in tomato (15).
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
2.1.8 Hoplolairnus spp. (a) prolong the susceptibility of
of regulatory limitations prior to use.
bility
cotton seedlings to postemergence damping-off by
Rhizoctonia solani (16); (b) penetrate the mycorrhizal
2. Indirect Effects of Nematicides
mantle of pine seedlings and increase their exposure to
2.1 Fungi-Nematodes increase the seventy of fungal
fungal pathogens (17); (c) are associated with Fusarium
diseases by acting as vectors and wounding agents, by
oxysporum in suppressed growth of peach seedlings (18); and
modiSing host tissue and rhizosphere, and by breaking
(á) facilitate entry of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi into the
varietal resistance. Some of the more important and well-
vascular bundle of peas (19).
known associations are as follows
2.1.9 Meloidogyne species are the most important in
2.1.1 Belonolaimus spp. greatly increases the develop
predisposing their host plants to fungal diseases. This
ment of Fusarium wilt in cotton, break resistance to
problem usually results from a modification of the host
Fusarium in Fusarium-resistant cultivars (2, 3, 4)2 and
tissue which creates a better substrate for the fungus (20).
increase the seventy of Pythium aphanidermatum on chry-
2.1.9.1 M. arenaria causes a synergistic increase in peanut
santhemums (5, 6).
root rot when combined with Pythium myriotylum (21).
2.1.2 Helicotylenchus spp. penetrate the mycorrhizal
2.1.9.2 M. hapla causes a significantly greater incidence
mantle of short-leaf pine seedlings, create infection courts for
and density of Aspergillus jlavus in kernels of peanut (22).
Phytophthora cinnamoni (7) and cause superficial lesions
2.1.9.3 M. incognita (a) greatly increases Fusarium wilt in
courts for
which are considered important as infection
tomato, muskmelon, tobacco, cotton, cabbage, and mimosa
Rhizoctonia spp. in banana roots (8).
(I, 23,24,25,26,27,28,29); (b) causes a synergistic increase
in cotton seedling diseases when associated wiih each of the
following fungi: Alternaria tenius, Glomerella gossypii,
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-35 on Pestic
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