ASTM C1105-08a(2016)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: C1105 − 08a (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-Carbonate Rock
Reaction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1105; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* C233 Test Method for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-
crete
1.1 This test method covers the determination, by measure-
C294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Con-
ment of length change of concrete prisms, the susceptibility of
crete Aggregates
cement-aggregate combinations to expansive alkali-carbonate
C295 Guide for Petrographic Examination of Aggregates for
reaction involving hydroxide ions associated with alkalies
Concrete
(sodium and potassium) and certain calcitic dolomites and
C490 Practice for Use of Apparatus for the Determination of
dolomitic limestones.
Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Concrete
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
standard. When combined standards are cited, the selection of
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
measurement system is at the user’s discretion subject to the
Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
requirements of the referenced standard.
C586 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Carbon-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ate Rocks as Concrete Aggregates (Rock-Cylinder
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Method)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- C702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Size
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3. Terminology
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1 Terminology used in this standard is defined in Termi-
nology C125 or Descriptive Nomenclature C294.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Significance and Use
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
4.1 Two types of alkali reactivity of aggregates have been
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
described in the literature: the alkali-silica reaction involving
gregates
certain siliceous rocks, minerals, and artificial glasses (1), and
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
the alkali-carbonate reaction involving dolomite in certain
C157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened
calcitic dolomites and dolomitic limestones (2). This test
Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
method is not recommended as a means to detect combinations
susceptible to expansion due to alkali-silica reaction since it
was not evaluated for this use in the work reported by Buck (2).
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
This test method is not applicable to aggregates that do not
C09.50 on Aggregate Reactions in Concrete.
contain or consist of carbonate rock (see Descriptive Nomen-
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016. Published December 2016. Originally
clature C294).
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C1105 – 08a. DOI:
10.1520/C1105-08AR16.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
the ASTM website. this test method.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1105 − 08a (2016)
4.2 This test method is intended for evaluating the behavior material larger than the 4.75-mm sieve shall be proportioned to
of specific combinations of concrete-making materials to be include the same proportion by mass of the crushed material
used in the work. However, provisions are made for the use of originally retained on the 19.0-mm sieve and that originally
substitute materials when required. This test method assesses passing this sieve, as may be expected to be used in the field
the potential for expansion of concrete caused by alkali- concrete.
carbonate rock reaction from tests performed under prescribed 6.1.2 Separated Size Testing—Material larger than the
laboratory curing conditions that will probably differ from field 19.0-mm sieve shall be crushed to pass this sieve and shall be
conditions. Thus, actual field performance will not be dupli- used in concrete as a second aggregate.
cated due to differences in wetting and drying, temperature, 6.1.2.1 In the case of construction where several size ranges
other factors, or combinations of these (see Appendix X1). coarser than the 19.0-mm sieve are contemplated, each of these
may, if desired, be separately crushed to pass this sieve and
4.3 Use of this test method is of particular value when
may be tested separately.
samples of aggregate from a source have been determined to
contain constituents that are regarded as capable of participa- 6.2 Job Cement—When it is desired to evaluate a particular
tion in a potentially deleterious alkali-carbonate rock reaction cement-aggregate combination for use in particular work, the
either by petrographic examination, Guide C295, by the rock cement or cements used shall meet the requirements for the
cylinder test, Test Method C586, by service record; or by a work and shall be from the source or sources and in the
combination of these. amounts expected to be used in the work. If several cements
may be used in the work, it is desirable that tests be made using
4.4 Results of tests conducted as described herein should
each cement separately.
form a part of the basis for a decision as to whether precautions
be taken against excessive expansion due to alkali-carbonate 6.3 Reference Cements—When it is desired to evaluate
rock reaction. This decision should be made before a particular aggregates for general use or to compare aggregates for
cement-aggregate combination is used in concrete construction investigational purposes, the cement used shall be of the
(see Note 1). highest alkali content representative of the general use
intended, or available to the laboratory making the tests. The
NOTE 1—Other elements that may be included in the decision-making
cement or cements selected should comply with Specification
process for categorizing an aggregate or a cement-aggregate combination
C150 or Specification C595. Additional information of value
with respect to whether precautions are needed, and examples of precau-
tions that may be taken, are described in Appendix X1.
may be obtained by conducting parallel tests with cements of
different alkali content, of different sodium oxide to potassium
4.5 While the basic intent of this test method is to develop
oxide ratio, or blended with pozzolan or ground blast-furnace
information on a particular cement-aggregate combination, it
slag, or both.
will usually be very useful to conduct control tests in parallel
using the aggregate of interest with other cements or the
6.4 Substitute Fine Aggregate—If the test aggregate is to be
cement of interest with other aggregates.
used only as coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate that it will
be used with is not available, a fine aggregate that is not
5. Apparatus
expected to participate in an expansive reaction with alkalies
5.1 The molds, the associated items for molding test
(see Note 2) shall be used.
specimens, and the length comparator for measuring length
NOTE 2—Advice on judging the expansive reactivity of aggregate is
change shall conform to the applicable requirements of Test
given in Appendix XI of Specification C33.
Method C157/C157M and Practice C490, and the molds shall
have nominal 75-mm square cross sections.
7. Sampling
7.1 Obtain the sample in accordance with Practice D75 and
6. Materials
reduce it to test portion size in accordance with Practice C702.
6.1 Maximum Size of Coarse Aggregate—Coarse-aggregate
fractions larger than the 19.0-mm sieve shall not be tested as
8. Test Specimens
such. When petrographic examination using Guide C295
8.1 Prepare six specimens, of the type required for concrete
reveals that the material making up the size fractions larger
Test Method C157/C157M, from one batch of concrete. The
than the 19.0-mm sieve is of such a composition and lithology
concrete mixture shall be the mixture in which the aggregates
that no differences should be expected compared with the
are proposed for use. In the event that no specific concrete
smaller size material to be tested, or when tests, made in
mixture is being considered, that described in Test Method
accordance with Test Method C586, of material in such sizes
C233 shall be used.
reveal no significant differences from the sizes to be tested,
8.2 If control or comparison mixtures are made, specimens
then no further attention need be paid to the larger sizes. If
shall be made from those mixtures as described in 8.1.
results of petrographic examination or tests made in accor-
dance with Test Method C586 suggest that the larger size
9. Conditioning
material should be studied for its effects in concrete, one or the
other of two alternative procedures described herein may be 9.1 Cure, store, and remove molds in accordance with Test
used. Method C157/C157M. Thereafter, keep the specimens in moist
6.1.1 Proportional Testing—Material larger than the storage in accordance with Specification C511 but do not
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1105 − 08a C1105 − 08a (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-Carbonate Rock
Reaction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1105; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination, by measurement of length change of concrete prisms, the susceptibility of
cement-aggregate combinations to expansive alkali-carbonate reaction involving hydroxide ions associated with alkalies (sodium
and potassium) and certain calcitic dolomites and dolomitic limestones.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
When combined standards are cited, the selection of measurement system is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements
of the referenced standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
C157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
C233 Test Method for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
C294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Concrete Aggregates
C295 Guide for Petrographic Examination of Aggregates for Concrete
C490 Practice for Use of Apparatus for the Determination of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and Concrete
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic
Cements and Concretes
C586 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Carbonate Rocks as Concrete Aggregates (Rock-Cylinder Method)
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
C702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
3. Terminology
3.1 Terminology used in this standard is defined in Terminology C125 or Descriptive Nomenclature C294.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Two types of alkali reactivity of aggregates have been described in the literature: the alkali-silica reaction involving certain
siliceous rocks, minerals, and artificial glasses (1), and the alkali-carbonate reaction involving dolomite in certain calcitic
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.26 on
Chemical Reactions.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008Dec. 1, 2016. Published January 2009December 2016. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as
C1105 – 08.C1105 – 08a. DOI: 10.1520/C1105-08A.10.1520/C1105-08AR16.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this test method.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1105 − 08a (2016)
dolomites and dolomitic limestones (2). This test method is not recommended as a means to detect combinations susceptible to
expansion due to alkali-silica reaction since it was not evaluated for this use in the work reported by Buck (2). This test method
is not applicable to aggregates that do not contain or consist of carbonate rock (see Descriptive Nomenclature C294).
4.2 This test method is intended for evaluating the behavior of specific combinations of concrete-making materials to be used
in the work. However, provisions are made for the use of substitute materials when required. This test method assesses the potential
for expansion of concrete caused by alkali-carbonate rock reaction from tests performed under prescribed laboratory curing
conditions that will probably differ from field conditions. Thus, actual field performance will not be duplicated due to differences
in wetting and drying, temperature, other factors, or combinations of these (see Appendix X1).
4.3 Use of this test method is of particular value when samples of aggregate from a source have been determined to contain
constituents that are regarded as capable of participation in a potentially deleterious alkali-carbonate rock reaction either by
petrographic examination, Guide C295, by the rock cylinder test, Test Method C586, by service record; or by a combination of
these.
4.4 Results of tests conducted as described herein should form a part of the basis for a decision as to whether precautions be
taken against excessive expansion due to alkali-carbonate rock reaction. This decision should be made before a particular
cement-aggregate combination is used in concrete construction (see Note 1).
NOTE 1—Other elements that may be included in the decision-making process for categorizing an aggregate or a cement-aggregate combination with
respect to whether precautions are needed, and examples of precautions that may be taken, are described in Appendix X1.
4.5 While the basic intent of this test method is to develop information on a particular cement-aggregate combination, it will
usually be very useful to conduct control tests in parallel using the aggregate of interest with other cements or the cement of interest
with other aggregates.
5. Apparatus
5.1 The molds, the associated items for molding test specimens, and the length comparator for measuring length change shall
conform to the applicable requirements of Test Method C157/C157M and Practice C490, and the molds shall have nominal 75-mm
square cross sections.
6. Materials
6.1 Maximum Size of Coarse Aggregate—Coarse-aggregate fractions larger than the 19.0-mm sieve shall not be tested as such.
When petrographic examination using Guide C295 reveals that the material making up the size fractions larger than the 19.0-mm
sieve is of such a composition and lithology that no differences should be expected compared with the smaller size material to be
tested, or when tests, made in accordance with Test Method C586, of material in such sizes reveal no significant differences from
the sizes to be tested, then no further attention need be paid to the larger sizes. If results of petrographic examination or tests made
in accordance with Test Method C586 suggest that the larger size material should be studied for its effects in concrete, one or the
other of two alternative procedures described herein may be used.
6.1.1 Proportional Testing—Material larger than the 19.0-mm sieve shall be crushed to pass the 19.0-mm sieve and material
larger than the 4.75-mm sieve shall be proportioned to include the same proportion by mass of the crushed material originally
retained on the 19.0-mm sieve and that originally passing this sieve, as may be expected to be used in the field concrete.
6.1.2 Separated Size Testing—Material larger than the 19.0-mm sieve shall be crushed to pass this sieve and shall be used in
concrete as a second aggregate.
6.1.2.1 In the case of construction where several size ranges coarser than the 19.0-mm sieve are contemplated, each of these
may, if desired, be separately crushed to pass this sieve and may be tested separately.
6.2 Job Cement—When it is desired to evaluate a particular cement-aggregate combination for use in particular work, the
cement or cements used shall meet the requirements for the work and shall be from the source or sources and in the amounts
expected to be used in the work. If several cements may be used in the work, it is desirable that tests be made using each cement
separately.
6.3 Reference Cements—When it is desired to evaluate aggregates for general use or to compare aggregates for investigational
purposes, the cement used shall be of the highest alkali content representative of the general use intended, or available to the
laboratory making the tests. The cement or cements selected should comply with Specification C150 or Specification C595.
Additional information of value may be obtained by conducting parallel tests with cements of different alkali content, of different
sodium oxide to potassium oxide ratio, or blended with pozzolan or ground blast-furnace slag, or both.
6.4 Substitute Fine Aggregate—If the test aggregate is to be used only as coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate that it will
be used with is not available, a fine aggregate that is not expected to participate in an expansive reaction with alkalies (see Note
2) shall be used.
NOTE 2—Advice on judging the expansive reactivity of aggregate is given in Appendix XI of Specification C33.
C1105 − 08a (2016)
7. Sampling
7.1 Obtain the sample in accordance with Practice D75 and reduce it to test portion size in accordance with Practice C702.
8. Test Specimens
8.1 Prepare six specimens, of the type required for concrete Test Method C157/C157M, from one batch of concrete. The
concrete mixture shall be the mixture in which the aggregates are proposed for use. In the event that no specific concrete mixture
is being considered, that described in Test Method C233 shall be used.
8.2 If control or comparison mixtures are made, specimens shall be made from those mixtures as described in 8.1.
9. Conditioning
9.1 Cure, store, and remove molds in accordance with Test Method C157/C157M. Thereafter, keep the specimens in moist
storage in accordance with Specification C511 but
...