ASTM D4828-94(1999)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 4828 – 94 (Reapproved 1999)
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Methods for
Practical Washability of Organic Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4828; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope includes a way to evaluate the film for washability properties
and changes in appearance. Thus, a formulator may evaluate
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
the effects of composition on the washability properties of a
relative ease of removal of common soil and stains from
paint. Users may also compare the ease of soil removal from
interior coatings by manual or mechanical washing with a
different paints that are tested, preferably at the same time.
sponge and a liquid or powder cleanser.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
5. Apparatus
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
5.1 Sponge and Holder.
only.
5.2 Soil and Stain Applicator (see Fig. 1).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.3 Weight, 100 g.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.4 Balance, weighing accurately to 0.1 g.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.5 Doctor or Bird Film Applicator, having a 0.18-mm
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
(7-mil) clearance by 150-mm (6-in.) film width.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1 1
5.6 Glass Plate, 455 by 165 mm by 6.3 mm (17 ⁄2 by 6 ⁄2 by
2. Referenced Documents ⁄4 in. ).
5.7 Washability Machine.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.8 Black Plastic Panels.
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
5.9 Masking Tape.
D 3450 Test Method for Washability Properties of Interior
5.10 Straightedge, approximately 430 mm (17 in.) in length.
Architectural Coatings
5.11 Cotton Tipped Swabs.
D 3924 Specification for Standard Environment for Condi-
5.12 Medicine Droppers.
tioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquers, and Related
5.13 Suction Plate, for drawdowns.
Materials
6. Reagents and Materials
3. Summary of Test Method
6.1 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
3.1 The test material is applied to a plastic panel and
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as defined
allowed to dry for 7 days or as mutually agreed. Soilants or
by Type IV of Specification D 1193.
stains, or both, are applied to the film. The film is washed for
6.2 Soil and Staining Medium—Examples found acceptable
up to 100 cycles using a sponge and a liquid or powder
for use with this test method include, but are not limited to
cleanser. After rinsing and drying, the panel is evaluated for the
pencil, crayon, mercurochrome, ball-point pen, waterborne
degree of soil or stain removal, erosion, and any change in
felt-tip markers, lipstick and mineral-oil-borne soilant as out-
gloss/sheen or color between the washed and unwashed area.
lined in Test Method D 3450.
4. Significance and Use
6.3 Cleaning Media—Examples found acceptable for use
with this test method include, but are not limited to, commer-
4.1 Interior architectural paints are subjected in use to
cial liquid cleansers, laboratory standardized liquid cleaners as
soiling by dirt or other stains. This test method provides a way
outlined in Test Method D 3450, and powder cleansers. Powder
to assess relative ease of soil or stain removal from a paint film
cleansers containing chlorine may effect the color of the
using materials common to households. This test method
washed portion of the test panel.
7. Preparation of Apparatus
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint
7.1 Washability Machine—Level the apparatus before use
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Finishes.
and operate at 37 6 1 cpm. (A cycle consists of a complete
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 1994. Published November 1994. Originally
forward and reverse stroke.)
published as D 4828 – 88. Last previous edition D 4828 – 92.
2 7.2 Sponge and Holder—Add sufficient weight to the holder
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
in the form of metal sheets or other flat weights to give a
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 4828
FIG. 1 Solid Soil and Stain Application
combined weight of 1000 g, including the dry sponge. method of cleaning, or perpendicular to the length of the panel
for the mechanical method of cleaning.
NOTE 1—Check the compression of the damp sponge under the 1000-g
8.3.2 Apply solid soilants or stains using the apparatus
weight to ensure that the holder does not drag along the panel and tear the
film. shown in Fig. 1. Insert pencil, crayon, pen, or similar items into
the appropriately sized hole and secure its position so it extends
8. Procedure
40 mm (1 ⁄2 in.) beyond the panel (see Fig. 1(a)). Secure the
8.1 Clean the top of the glass plate and both sides of the medium in position with a piece of masking tape (see Fig.
black plastic panel to be sure they are free of specks. Place the 1(b)). Put the applicator at one end of the coated plastic panel
black panel on the glass plate and tape one end to the plate. and place the 100-g weight on the top face of the wooden panel
Smooth the panel along the plate to ensure a close fit. at the end nearest to the marking device, as shown in Fig. 1(b),
8.2 Stir the material thoroughly and strain, if necessary, to securing it with a piece of tape. Allow the nonweighted end of
remove all skins and particles. Draw down the coating on the the applicator to rest on the surface of the film, then hold it by
panel. Apply the coating in 3 to 4 s from end to end to prevent the outer edges and pull it along the entire length of the film
pin holes or holidays in the film. Prepare enough panels with (see Fig. 1(c)).
each paint for all the projected tests. Air dry all panels in a
NOTE 3—Some soils and stains are prone to smearing. It is advisable to
horizontal position for 7 days in a room maintained at 23 6
apply them last to the film and protect the first lines with materials such
2°C(73 6 3.5°F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity as described
as wax paper or onionskin paper when applying the second and subse-
in Specification D 3924, or under conditions specifically ap-
quent lines.
plicable to the material under test.
8.3.3 Apply liquid stains using hand-held
...