ASTM D4828-94(2003)e1

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Designation:D4828–94(Reapproved2003)
Standard Test Methods for
Practical Washability of Organic Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4828; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in October 2003.
1. Scope to assess relative ease of soil or stain removal from a paint film
using materials common to households. This test method
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
includes a way to evaluate the film for washability properties
relative ease of removal of common soil and stains from
and changes in appearance. Thus, a formulator may evaluate
interior coatings by manual or mechanical washing with a
the effects of composition on the washability properties of a
sponge and a liquid or powder cleanser.
paint. Users may also compare the ease of soil removal from
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
different paints that are tested, preferably at the same time.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
5. Apparatus
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 Sponge and Holder.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.2 Soil and Stain Applicator (see Fig. 1).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.3 Weight, 100 g.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.4 Balance, weighing accurately to 0.1 g.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.5 Doctor or Bird Film Applicator, having a 0.18-mm
2. Referenced Documents (7-mil) clearance by 150-mm (6-in.) film width.
1 1
5.6 GlassPlate, 455 by 165 mm by 6.3 mm (17 ⁄2 by 6 ⁄2 by
2.1 ASTM Standards:
⁄4 in. ).
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
5.7 Washability Machine.
D 3450 Test Method for Washability Properties of Interior
5.8 Black Plastic Panels.
Architectural Coatings
5.9 Masking Tape.
D 3924 Specification for Standard Environment for Condi-
5.10 Straightedge,approximately430mm(17in.)inlength.
tioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquers, and Related
4 5.11 Cotton Tipped Swabs.
Materials
5.12 Medicine Droppers.
3. Summary of Test Method 5.13 Suction Plate, for drawdowns.
3.1 The test material is applied to a plastic panel and
6. Reagents and Materials
allowed to dry for 7 days or as mutually agreed. Soilants or
6.1 PurityofWater—Unless otherwise indicated, references
stains, or both, are applied to the film. The film is washed for
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as defined
up to 100 cycles using a sponge and a liquid or powder
by Type IV of Specification D 1193.
cleanser.Afterrinsinganddrying,thepanelisevaluatedforthe
6.2 Soil and Staining Medium—Examples found acceptable
degree of soil or stain removal, erosion, and any change in
for use with this test method include, but are not limited to
gloss/sheen or color between the washed and unwashed area.
pencil, crayon, mercurochrome, ball-point pen, waterborne
4. Significance and Use felt-tip markers, lipstick and mineral-oil-borne soilant as out-
lined in Test Method D 3450.
4.1 Interior architectural paints are subjected in use to
6.3 Cleaning Media—Examples found acceptable for use
soiling by dirt or other stains. This test method provides a way
with this test method include, but are not limited to, commer-
cial liquid cleansers, laboratory-standardized liquid cleaners as
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
outlinedinTestMethodD 3450,andpowdercleansers.Powder
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
cleansers containing chlorine may affect the color of the
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published October 2003. Originally washed portion of the test panel.
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 1994 as D 4828 – 94 (1999).
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
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D4828–94 (2003)
FIG. 1 Solid Soil and Stain Application
7. Preparation of Apparatus 8.3 Application of Soilants and Stains:
8.3.1 Atthecompletionofthedryingperiod,tapethecoated
7.1 Washability Machine—Level the apparatus before use
panel to the glass plate, as directed in 8.1, to ensure uniform
and operate at 37 6 1 cpm. (A cycle consists of a complete
application of the soilants and stains. Apply the selected
forward and reverse stroke.)
soilants or stains, or both, to the coating film in straight pairs
7.2 SpongeandHolder—Addsufficientweighttotheholder
of lines parallel to the length of the panel for the manual
in the form of metal sheets or other flat weights to give a
method of cleaning, or perpendicular to the length of the panel
combined weight of 1000 g, including the dry sponge.
for the mechanical method of cleaning.
NOTE 1—Check the compression of the damp sponge under the 1000-g
8.3.2 Apply solid soilants or stains using the apparatus
weight to ensure that the holder does not drag along the panel and tear the
showninFig.1.Insertpencil,crayon,pen,orsimilaritemsinto
film.
theappropriatelysizedholeandsecureitspositionsoitextends
40 mm (1 ⁄2 in.) beyond the panel (see Fig. 1(a)). Secure the
8. Procedure
medium in position with a piece of masking tape (see Fig.
8.1 Clean the top of the glass plate and both sides of the
1(b)). Put the applicator at one end of the coated plastic panel
black plastic panel to be sure they are free of specks. Place the
and place the 100-g weight on the top face of the wooden panel
black panel on the glass plate and tape one end to the plate.
at the end nearest to the marking device, as shown in Fig. 1(b),
Smooth the panel along the plate to ensure a close fit.
securing it with a piece of tape.Allow the nonweighted end of
8.2 Stir the material thoroughly and strain, if necessary, to
the applicator to rest on the surface of the film, then hold it by
remove all skins and particles. Draw down the coating on the
the outer edges and pull it along the entire length of the film
panel.Apply the coating in 3 to 4 s from end to end to prevent
(see Fig. 1(c)).
pin holes or holidays in the film. Prepare enough panels with
each paint for all the projected tests. Air dry all panels in a
NOTE 3—Some soils and stains are prone to smearing. It is advisable to
horizontal position for 7 days in a room maintained at 23 6
apply them last to the film and protect the first lines with materials such
as wax paper or
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