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ASTM D4397-00

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Polyethylene Sheeting for Construction, Industrial, and Agricultural Applications

Standard Specification for Polyethylene Sheeting for Construction, Industrial, and Agricultural Applications

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers polyethylene sheeting, 250 µm (0.010 in. or 10 mils) or less in thickness, intended for construction, industrial, and agricultural applications.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 8 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
Note 1-- There is no known ISO equivalent to this specification.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Nov-2000
ICS
83.140.10 - Films and sheets
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.19 - Film, Sheeting, and Molded Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D4397-02 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Sheeting for Construction, Industrial, and Agricultural Applications
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM C171-20 - Standard Specification for Sheet Materials for Curing Concrete
Effective Date
10-Nov-2000
Referred By
ASTM F710-22 - Standard Practice for Preparing Concrete Floors to Receive Resilient Flooring
Effective Date
10-Nov-2000
Referred By
ASTM E154/E154M-08a(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Retarders Used in Contact with Earth Under Concrete Slabs, on Walls, or as Ground Cover
Effective Date
10-Nov-2000

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ASTM D4397-00 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Sheeting for Construction, Industrial, and Agricultural ApplicationsASTM D4397-00 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Sheeting for Construction, Industrial, and Agricultural Applications
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ASTM D4397-00 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Sheeting for Construction, Industrial, and Agricultural Applications
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 4397 – 00
Standard Specification for
Polyethylene Sheeting for Construction, Industrial, and
1
Agricultural Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4397; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope * deg 0-deg, of Opaque Specimens by Broad-Band Filter
6
Reflectometry
1.1 This specification covers polyethylene sheeting, 250 μm
F 88 Test Methods for Seal Strength of Flexible Barrier
(0.010 in. or 10 mils) or less in thickness, intended for
7
Materials
construction, industrial, and agricultural applications.
2.2 Military Standard:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
MIL-STD-105 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspec-
standard.
8
tion by Attributes
1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only to
the test methods portion, Section 8 of this specification: This
3. Terminology
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
3.1 Definitions—The plastics terminology used in this
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
specification is in accordance with the definitions given in
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
Terminology D 883.
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
tions prior to use.
3.2.1 nominal length—the length of sheeting in any roll, as
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this specification.
specified on product labels, invoices, sales literature, and the
like.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.2 nominal net weight—the weight of sheeting in any
2.1 ASTM Standards:
roll, as specified on product labels, invoices, sales literature,
D 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
and the like.
2
lation
3.2.3 nominal thickness—the thickness of sheeting in any
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical
roll, as specified on product labels, invoices, sales literature,
3
Insulating Materials for Testing
and the like.
D 882 Test Methods for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic
3.2.4 nominal width—the width of sheeting in any rolls, as
3
Sheeting
specified on product labels, invoices, sales literature, and the
3
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
like.
D 1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-
3
Gradient Technique 4. Materials
D 1709 Test Method for Impact Resistance of Polyethylene
4.1 The sheeting shall be made from polyethylene or modi-
3
Film by the Free Falling Dart Method
fied polyethylene, such as an ethylene copolymer consisting of
3
D 1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics
a major portion of ethylene in combination with a minor
3
D 2103 Specification for Polyethylene Film and Sheeting
portion of some other monomer, or a mixture of polyethylene
4
D 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
with a lesser amount of other polymers.
E 96 Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Mate-
5
NOTE 2—Polyethylene sheeting is made in a variety of colors, opaci-
rials
ties, translucencies, and dimensions. It is recommended that manufactur-
E 97 Test Method for Directional Reflectance Factor, 45-
ers be consulted on the varieties available.
5. General Requirements
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
5.1 Appearance—The sheeting shall have appearance quali-
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film and
Sheeting.
ties conforming with those produced by good commercial
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2000. Published January 2001. Originally
published as D 4397 – 84. Last previous edition D 4397 – 96.
2 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
3 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
4 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 4397
TABLE 2 Mechanical Properties
practices. It shall be as free as is commercially possible of gels,
streaks, pinholes, particles of foreign matter, and undispersed Lengthwise Cro
...

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ASTM D4204-16(2023)(Practice)
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This specification establishes the dimensional (length and width, thickness, and weight) requirements for biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate film and sheeting, both virgin and recycled. For this specification, polyethylene terephthalate film and sheeting shall be defined as the material derived from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol and shall consist of at least 90 % polyethylene terephthalate homopolymer. The film or sheeting shall be furnished flat or in rolls in the dimensions specified. This specification does not apply to coated, coextruded, tinted, pigmented, or metallized film or sheeting.
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ASTM D4397-16(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Polyethylene Sheeting for Construction, Industrial, and Agricultural Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers polyethylene sheeting with a determined thickness intended for construction, industrial and agricultural applications. The sheeting shall be made from polyethylene or modified polyethylene, such as an ethylene copolymer consisting of a major portion of ethylene in combination with a minor portion of some other monomer, or a mixture of polyethylene with a lesser amount of other polymers. General requirements for the material are also observed according to their appearance, dimensions in size and tolerance and minimum net weight. The sheeting may be natural, color-tinted, translucent or opaque. The tests given are intended primarily for use as production tests in conjunction with manufacturing processes and inspection methods to insure conformity of sheeting with the requirements of this specification. These tests shall be done in order to determine the following properties: thickness, length and width, weight, impact resistance, tensile properties, reflectance, luminous transmittance, water vapor transmission, and heat sealability.
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1.1 This specification covers polyethylene sheeting, 250 μm (0.010 in. or 10 mils) or less in thickness, intended for construction, industrial, and agricultural applications.  
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ASTM D4272/D4272M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Total Energy Impact of Plastic Films by Dart Drop

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Evaluation of the impact toughness of film is important in predicting the performance of a material in applications such as packaging, construction, and other uses. The test simulates the action encountered in applications where moderate-velocity blunt impacts occur in relatively small areas of film.  
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1.1 This test method describes the determination of the total energy impact of plastic films by measuring the kinetic energy lost by a free-falling dart that passes through the film.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Film has been arbitrarily defined as sheeting having nominal thickness not greater than 0.25 mm [0.010 in.].
Note 2: This test method and ISO 7765–2 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content (and results cannot be directly compared between the two test methods). The ISO test method calls for a direct readout of energy by using a load cell as part of the impactor head, while Test Method D4272 calls for a constant weight impactor, then measuring the time of travel through a given distance to get energy values.
FIG. 1 Elements of an Instrumented Dart Drop System
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ASTM D1746-23(Test Method)
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4.1 The attribute of clarity of a sheet, measured by its ability to transmit image-forming light, correlates with its regular transmittance. Sensitivity to differences improves with decreasing incident beam- and receptor-angle. If the angular width of the incident beam and of the receptor aperture (as seen from the specimen position) are of the order of 0.1° or less, sheeting of commercial interest have a range of transparency of about 10 to 90 % as measured by this test. Results obtained by the use of this test method are greatly influenced by the design parameters of the instruments; for example, the resolution is largely determined by the angular width of the receptor aperture. Caution should therefore be exercised in comparing results obtained from different instruments, especially for samples with low regular transmittance.  
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ASTM D1922-23(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is of value in ranking relative tearing resistance of various plastic films and thin sheeting of comparable thickness. Experience has shown the test to have its best reliability on relatively less extensible films and sheeting. Variable elongation and oblique tearing effects on the more extensible films preclude its use as a precise production-control tool for these types of plastics. This test method should be used for specification acceptance testing only after it has been demonstrated that the data for the particular material are acceptably reproducible. This test method should be used for service evaluation only after its usefulness for the particular application has been demonstrated with a number of different films.  
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1.1 This test method2 covers the determination of the average force to propagate tearing through a specified length of plastic film or nonrigid sheeting after the tear has been started, using an Elmendorf-type tearing tester. Two specimens are cited, a rectangular type, and one with a constant radius testing length. The latter shall be the preferred or referee specimen.  
1.2 Because of (1) difficulties in selecting uniformly identical specimens, (2) the varying degree of orientation in some plastic films, and (3) the difficulty found in testing highly extensible or highly oriented materials, or both, the reproducibility of the test results may be variable and, in some cases, not good or misleading. Provisions are made in the test method to address oblique directional tearing which may be found with some materials.  
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ASTM D2578-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Wetting Tension of Polyethylene and Polypropylene Films

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5.1 When a drop of liquid rests on the surface of a solid, and a gas is in contact with both, the forces acting at the interfaces must balance. These forces can be represented by surface energies acting in the direction of the surfaces and it follows that:
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  θ  =  angle of contact of the edge of the drop with the solid surface,   γGL  =  surface energy of the gas - liquid interface,   γGS  =  surface energy of the gas - solid interface, and   γSL  =  surface energy of the solid - liquid interface.    
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5.1.2 When the gas is air saturated with vapors of the liquid, γGL will be the surface tension of the liquid. If the angle of contact is 0° the liquid is said to just wet the surface of the solid, and in this particular case (since cos θ = 1) the wetting tension of the solid will be equal to the surface tension of the liquid.  
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the wetting tension of a polyethylene or polypropylene film surface in contact with drops of specific test solutions in the presence of air.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: This test method and the specified reagents were specifically developed for polyethylene and polypropylene films. It is possible to utilize this test method and the specified reagents for films composed of other polymers, but this can affect the surface energies of the gas-liquid and solid-liquid interfaces, which will affect the contact angle and wetting tension. The applicability and significance for use of non-polyolefin materials must be established by the user.  
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Note 2: This test method is equivalent to ISO 8296.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2291/D2291M-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Fabrication of Ring Test Specimens for Glass-Resin Composites

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides a uniform procedure for fabricating glass fiber/thermoset resin ring samples for use as test specimens. Specimens so prepared can be used in Test Methods D2290 and D2344/D2344M.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended for use in the fabrication of ring-type test specimens to be used in the evaluation of the mechanical properties of reinforcement and resins in a composite structure. The practice outlines the steps in the preparation of the test specimens, including the final specimen machining where applicable. Three final ring configurations are included.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standard Test Method for Diffuse Light Transmission Factor of Reinforced Plastics Panels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this test method is to obtain the diffuse light transmittance factor of both flat and corrugated translucent building panels by the use of simple apparatus and by employing as a light source a combination of fluorescent tubes whose energy distribution closely approximates CIE Source C.
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1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in Tables and Figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
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ASTM D1593-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Nonrigid Vinyl Chloride Plastic Film and Sheeting

ABSTRACT
This specification covers nonrigid, unsupported vinyl chloride plastic film and sheeting in which the resin portion of the composition contains at least 90 % vinyl chloride. The remaining 10 % may include one or more monomers copolymerized with vinyl chloride, or consist of other resins mechanically blended together with poly(vinyl chloride) or copolymers thereof. The film and sheeting covered herein shall be 0.075 to 0.25 mm (3 to 10 mils) in thickness for film and greater than 0.25 mm in thickness for sheet, and shall include the stabilizers and plasticizers necessary to meet the requirements of this specification. The material may be transparent, translucent, or opaque, and may be plain, printed, embossed, or otherwise surface treated. This specification designates three general-purpose types of vinyl chloride film and sheeting - calendered, extruded, and cast. The materials shall be tested for its tensile strength and elongation at rapture, tear resistance, volatile loss, water extraction, low temperature impact, burning rate, shrinkage, and color fastness to rubbing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers nonrigid, unsupported vinyl chloride plastic film and sheeting in which the resin portion of the composition contains at least 90 % vinyl chloride. The remaining 10 % can include one or more monomers copolymerized with vinyl chloride, or consist of other resins mechanically blended together with poly(vinyl chloride) or copolymers thereof.  
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