ASTM C329-88(1999)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: C 329 – 88 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Test Method for
Specific Gravity of Fired Ceramic Whiteware Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 329; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5. Sample Preparation
1.1 This test method covers the determination of specific 5.1 When possible, the sample for test shall consist of at
gravity of fired ceramic whiteware materials under prescribed least two pieces totaling 100 to 150 g taken from different
conditions. portions of the material in such a way as to exclude skin
surfaces in so far as possible. The sample shall be selected so
NOTE 1—This test method is not applicable to materials attacked by
as to be representative of the material to be tested.
water.
5.2 The pieces shall be crushed, if necessary, between
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
hardened steel surfaces. The specimen shall then be reduced to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
25 to 50 g by quartering, and any magnetic material introduced
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
by crushing shall be removed. This specimen shall be ground
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
in a suitable mortar so that it will pass a 150-µm (No. 100)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sieve, conforming to Specification E 11, or its equivalent. Care
shall be taken at all stages of the crushing, grinding, and
2. Referenced Documents
quarteringtominimizetheintroductionofimpuritiesandretain
2.1 ASTM Standards:
all material even though difficult to grind.
D 153 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Pigments
E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
6. Procedure
poses
6.1 Make all determinations in duplicate. Determine all
weights in this procedure to the nearest 0.0001 g.
3. Significance and Use
6.2 Place the ground specimen in a glass weighing bottle
3.1 Measurement of specific gravity is a tool for determin-
and dry to constant weight at 105 to 110°C. Close the bottle
ing the degree of maturation of a ceramic body.
with a glass stopper immediately upon removal from the oven.
6.3 Dry the pycnometer and stopper at 105 to 110°C, cool to
4. Apparatus and Materials
room temperature in a desiccator, weigh on an analytical
4.1 Analytical Balance and Weights.
balance, and record the weight as p. Fill the pycnometer bottle
4.2 Pycnometers, of 50-mL capacity, consisting of suitable
with distilled water at room temperature, t , insert the stopper,
bottles with capillary tube stoppers.
and remove the excess water on the tip of the capillary by
4.3 Thermometer, calibrated at 0.5°C intervals in the room
means of filter paper. Weigh the pycnometer and contents and
temperature range.
record the weight as W . Empty and dry the pycnometer.
4.4 Drying Oven.
6.4 Place about 8 to 12 g of the dried specimen in the dry
4.5 Weighing Bottle.
pycnometer; weigh the pycnometer, stopper, and specimen and
4.6 Desiccator.
record the weight as W. Add distilled water until the bottle is
4.7 Vacuum Source—A suitable apparatus to produce a
approximately one half full, and, to remove entrapped air, first
vacuum equivalent to an absolute pressure of less than 1.0-in.
stir the specimen and water thoroughly with a glass rod. Then
(25.4-mm) Hg.
remove the glass rod, using a small quantity of distilled water
4.8 Distilled Water, that has been freshly evacuated, or
to wash back into the pycnometer any particles of specimen
boiled and cooled, to remove dissolved air.
adhering to the rod. Finally subject the specimen and water to
a reduced air pressure of less than 1.0-in. (25.4-mm) Hg (abs).
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-21 on
NOTE 2—Asuitable method for evacuation of gas is described in 5.5 of
Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of
Test Methods D 153.
Subcommittee C21.03 on Test Methods for Whiteware Properties.
Current edition approved Sept. 30, 1988. Published November 1988. Originally
published as C 329 – 53 T. Last previous edition C 329 – 75 (1994).
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
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