ASTM D5891-01

Designation: D 5891 – 01
Standard Test Method for
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Fluid Loss of Clay Component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5891; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope API Specification 13A, 4, 14th ed. for Drilling Fluid Mate-
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rials
1.1 This test method covers an index method that enables
the evaluation of fluid loss properties of a clay mineral film
3. Terminology
deposited on a filter paper from a 6 % solids slurry of clay
3.1 Definitions— For definitions of terms used in this test
mineral at 100-psi (-kPa) pressure as a measure of its useful-
method, refer to API Standards and ASTM definitions for GCL
ness for permeability or hydraulic conductivity reduction in
products.
geosynthetic clay liners (GCL).
1.2 This test method is adapted from American Petroleum
4. Significance and Use
Institute drilling fluid specifications for bentonite.
4.1 Clay mineral is the functional component of GCL that
1.3 Powdered clay mineral is tested as produced; granular
reduces the hydraulic conductivity of industrial waste or
clay mineral should be ground to 100 % passing a 100 mesh
ground water through the liner.
U.S. Standard Sieve with a minimum of 65 % passing a 200
4.2 Clay mineral quality can vary significantly and effect the
mesh U.S. Standard Sieve with the whole ground product used
hydraulic conductivity of the GCL composite. This test method
for testing.
evaluates a significant property of clay mineral that relates to
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
performance.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
5. Apparatus
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 Laboratory Balance, 100 g capacity, 60.01-g accuracy
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and precision.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.2 Weighing Paper, or small weighing dish.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.3 Graduated Cylinder, 500 6 5-mL graduated TD (to
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bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
deliver) with 10-mL subdivisions, Class A volumetrically
calibrated; 10 6 0.1-mL graduated cylinder, graduated TC (to
2. Referenced Documents
contain) with 0.1-mL subdivisions.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3 5.4 U.S. Standard Sieve, 100 mesh, 200 mesh, and auto-
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
4 mated sieve shaker.
E 1 Specification for Thermometers
5.5 Mortar and Pestle or Laboratory Hammer Mill, for
E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
5 grinding clay mineral to required particle sizing.
poses
5.6 ASTM Calibration Immersion Thermometer, 0 to 105 6
E 725 Test Method of Sampling Granular Carriers and
0.5°C (see Specification E 1).
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Granular Pesticides
5.7 Mixer—11 000 6 300 rpm under load with single
2.2 API Standards:
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sine-wave impeller approximately 25 mm (1.0 in.) in diameter
API RP 131, Recommended Practice for Laboratory Testing
7 (mounted flash side up). The impeller shall be replaced when it
of Drilling Fluids
weighs a minimum of 5.1 g, from an original weight of about
5.5 g. New blades will be weighed prior to installation in order
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
to ensure conformance to manufacturing criteria. Mixer speed
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosyn-
under sample loading shall be determined and documented
thetic Clay Liners.
Current edition approved July 10, 2001. Published October 2001. Originally once every 90 days unless the manufacturer has documented
published as D5891–95. Last previous edition D5891–95.
objective evidence to extend calibration time.
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When bentonite is removed from a GCL product for testing, it may include
adhesives that can influence test results.
NOTE 1—Sterling Multimixer Model 9B with 9B29X impeller blades or
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
equivalent may be obtained from the suppliers given in Footnote 9.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
6 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07. For example, Sterling Multimixer Model 9B with 9B29X impeller blades
7
Available from American Petroleum Institute, 1801 K St. N.W., Washington, available from Fann Instrument Co., P.O. Box 4350, Houston, TX 77210, has been
DC 20226. found suitable for this purpose.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D 5891
5.8 Mixing Container—Approximate dimensions are 180 8. Sampling and Selection
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mm (7 in.) deep, 97-mm (3 ⁄16-in.) inner diameter at top, and
8.1 Conduct the sampling in accordance with Test Method
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