ASTM D4751-04

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D4751 − 04
StandardTest Method for
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Determining Apparent Opening Size of a Geotextile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4751; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.1 apparent opening size(AOS),O , n—for a geotextile,
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a property that indicates the approximate largest particle that
1.1 This test method covers the determination the apparent
would effectively pass through the geotextile.
opening size (AOS) of a geotextile by sieving glass beads
3.1.2 atmosphere for testing geosynthetics, n—air main-
through a geotextile.
tained at a relative humidity between 50 to 70 % and a
1.2 This test method shows the values in both SI units and
temperature of 21 6 2°C (70 6 4°F).
inch-pound units. SI units is the technically correct name for
3.1.3 Discussion—The laboratory conditions are very im-
thesystemofmetricunitsknownastheInternationalSystemof
portant to the AOS test. For example, excessive humidity
Units. Inch-pound units is the technically correct name for the
(above 70 %) can cause beads to stick together; while too low
customary units used in the United States. The values in
a relative humidity (below 50 %) can result in an increase in
inch-pound units are provided for information only.
static electricity.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.4 geotechnics, n—the application of scientific methods
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and engineering principles to the acquisition, interpretation,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and use of knowledge of materials of the earth’s crust to the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
solution of engineering problems.
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
3.1.5 Discussion—Geotechnics embraces the fields of soil
2. Referenced Documents
mechanics, rock mechanics, and many of the engineering
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2.1 ASTM Standards: aspects of geology, geophysics, hydrology, and related sci-
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
ences.
Aggregates
3.1.6 geotextile, n—any permeable textile material used
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
with foundation, soil, rock, earth, or any other geotechnical
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
engineering related material as an integral part of a man-made
D4238 Test Method for Electrostatic Propensity of Textiles
project, structure, or system.
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(Withdrawn 1996)
3.1.7 For the definitions of the other terms relating to
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing
geotextiles, refer to Terminology D4439.
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
3.2 For the definitions of the other terms relating to textiles,
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
refer to Terminology D123.
Sieves
4. Summary of Test Method
3. Terminology
4.1 A geotextile specimen is placed in a sieve frame, and
3.1 Definitions:
sized glass beads are placed on the geotextile surface. The
geotextile and frame are shaken laterally so that the jarring
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
motion will induce the beads to pass through the test specimen.
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Perme-
The procedure is repeated on the same specimen with various
ability and Filtration.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published December 2004. Originally
size glass beads until its apparent opening size has been
approved in 1993. Last previous version approved in 2004 as D4751 – 99a(2004).
determined.
DOI: 10.1520/D4751-04.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5. Significance and Use
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
5.1 Using a geotextile as a medium to retain soil particles
the ASTM website.
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necessitatescompatibilitybetweenitandtheadjacentsoil.This
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. test method is used to indicate the apparent opening size in a
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D4751 − 04
geotextile, which reflects the approximate largest opening 6.2 Pan, Cover, and 200-mm (8-in.) Diameter Sieves.
dimension available for soil to pass through. 5
6.3 Spherical Glass Beads, in siz
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