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ASTM C1289-98

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Faced Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal Insulation Board

Standard Specification for Faced Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal Insulation Board

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for faced thermal insulation boards composed of rigid cellular polyisocyanurate surfaced with other materials. The insulation boards are intended for use at temperatures between -40 and 200oF (40 and 93oC). This specification does not cover cryogenic applications. Consult the manufacturer for specific recommendations and properties in cryogenic conditions. For specific applications, the actual temperature limits shall be agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser.
1.2 This standard is intended to apply to rigid cellular polyurethane-modified polyisocyanurate thermal insulation board products that are commercially acceptable as non-structural panels useful in building construction. The term polyisocyanurate encompasses the term polyurethane. For engineering and design purposes, users should follow specific product information provided by board manufacturers regarding physical properties, system design considerations and installation recommendations.
1.3 The use of thermal insulation materials covered by this specification may be regulated by building codes, or other agencies that address fire performance, or both. The fire performance of the material should be addressed through standard fire test methods established by the appropriate governing documents.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only and may be approximate. For conversion to metric units other than those contained in this standard, refer to IEEE/ASTM SI 10.
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods, Section 11, in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-2001
ICS
27.220 - Heat recovery. Thermal insulation
Technical Committee
C16 - Thermal Insulation
Drafting Committee
C16.22 - Organic and Nonhomogeneous Inorganic Thermal Insulations
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM C1289-01 - Standard Specification for Faced Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal Insulation Board
Effective Date
10-Apr-2001
Referred By
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Effective Date
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Referred By
ASTM C1558-19 - Standard Guide for Development of Standard Data Records for Computerization of Thermal Transmission Test Data for Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
10-Apr-2001
Referred By
ASTM C1303/C1303M-22 - Standard Test Method for Predicting Long-Term Thermal Resistance of Closed-Cell Foam Insulation
Effective Date
10-Apr-2001
Referred By
ASTM D7793-21 - Standard Specification for Insulated Vinyl Siding
Effective Date
10-Apr-2001
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ASTM E2568-17a - Standard Specification for PB Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems
Effective Date
10-Apr-2001
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ASTM C1696-20 - Standard Guide for Industrial Thermal Insulation Systems
Effective Date
10-Apr-2001
Referred By
ASTM C1063-23 - Standard Specification for Installation of Lathing and Furring to Receive Interior and Exterior Portland Cement-Based Plaster
Effective Date
10-Apr-2001
Referred By
ASTM C728-17a(2022) - Standard Specification for Perlite Thermal Insulation Board
Effective Date
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ASTM D1079-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
Effective Date
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Referred By
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Effective Date
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ASTM C1289-98 - Standard Specification for Faced Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal Insulation BoardASTM C1289-98 - Standard Specification for Faced Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal Insulation Board
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ASTM C1289-98 - Standard Specification for Faced Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal Insulation Board
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 1289 – 98
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Specification for
Faced Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal Insulation
Board
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1289; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for 2.1 The following documents, of the issue in effect on the
faced thermal insulation boards composed of rigid cellular date of material purchase, form a part of this specification to
polyisocyanurate surfaced with other materials. The insulation the extent specified herein:
boards are intended for use at temperatures between −40 and 2.2 ASTM Standards:
200°F (−40 and 93°C). This specification does not cover C 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulating Materi-
cryogenic applications. Consult the manufacturer for specific als
recommendations and properties in cryogenic conditions. For C 177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
specific applications, the actual temperature limits shall be ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser. the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
1.2 This standard is intended to apply to rigid cellular C 203 Test Methods for Breaking Load and Flexural Prop-
polyurethane-modified polyisocyanurate thermal insulation erties of Block Type Thermal Insulation
board products that are commercially acceptable as non- C 208 Specification for Cellulosic Fiber Insulating Board
structural panels useful in building construction. The term C 209 Test Methods for Cellulosic Fiber Insulating Board
polyisocyanurate encompasses the term polyurethane. For C 236 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Performance
engineering and design purposes, users should follow specific of Building Assemblies by Means of a Guarded Hot Box
product information provided by board manufacturers regard- C 303 Test Method for Density of Preformed Block-Type
ing physical properties, system design considerations and Thermal Insulation
installation recommendations. C 390 Criteria for Sampling and Acceptance of Preformed
1.3 The use of thermal insulation materials covered by this Thermal Insulation Lots
specification may be regulated by building codes, or other C 518 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
agencies that address fire performance, or both. The fire ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
performance of the material should be addressed through the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
standard fire test methods established by the appropriate C 550 Practice for Measuring Trueness and Squareness of
governing documents. Rigid Block Thermal Insulation
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded C 728 Specification for Perlite Thermal Insulation Board
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for C 976 Test Method for Thermal Performance of Building
information only and may be approximate. For conversion to Assemblies by Means of a Calibrated Hot Box
metric units other than those contained in this standard, refer to C 1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission
IEEE/ASTM SI 10. Properties from Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the C 1058 Practice for Selecting Temperatures for Evaluating
test methods, Section 11, in this specification. This standard and Reporting Thermal Properties of Thermal Insulation
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, C 1114 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this Properties by Means of the Thin-Heater Apparatus
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices D 226 Specification for Asphalt-Saturated Organic Felt
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
to use. D 1621 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid
Cellular Plastics
D 2126 Test Method for Response of Rigid Cellular Plastics
to Thermal and Humid Aging
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-16 on
Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.22 on
Organic and Nonhomogeneous Inorganic Thermal Insulations.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06.
Current edition approved March 10, 1998. Published June 1998. Originally
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.04.
published as C 1289 – 95. Last previous edition C 1289 – 95.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
C 1289
E 84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of 5. Ordering Information
Building Materials
5.1 Orders shall include the following information:
E 96 Test Method for Water Vapor Transmission of Mate-
5.1.1 Title, designation, and year of issue of C 1289,
rials
5.1.2 Quantity of material being ordered,
IEEE/ASTM SI 10–Standard for Use of the International
5.1.3 Product name and manufacturer’s name, address, and
System of Units (SI): (The Modernized Metric System)
telephone number,
2.3 ANSI Standard:
5.1.4 Type, Class, or both if Type 1, (see Section 4),
Voluntary Product Standard ANSI A 208.1 Wood Particle-
5.1.5 R-value and specific thickness, as required (see 7.2),
board
5.1.6 Tolerance if other than specified (see 8.1),
5.1.7 Size(s) required (see 8.6),
3. Terminology
5.1.8 Type of edge (see 8.3 and 8.4),
3.1 For complete descriptions of terms used in this specifi-
5.1.9 Sampling, if different (see 10.1),
cation, refer to Terminology C 168.
5.1.10 If a certificate of compliance is required (see 10.2,
3.2 The term polyisocyanurate encompasses the term poly-
10.3, 10.4, 11.1.3.1, Table 1 and Table 2),
urethane (see 1.2).
5.1.11 If packaging is other than specified (see 13.1), and
5.1.12 If marking is other than specified (see 13.2).
4. Classification
4.1 The faced thermal insulation boards composed of rigid
6. Materials and Manufacture
cellular polyisocyanurate covered by this specification are
6.1 Cellular Material—Rigid polyisocyanurate thermal in-
classified as follows:
sulation boards shall be based upon the reaction of an isocy-
4.1.1 Type I—Faced with aluminum foil on both major
anate with a polyol, or the reaction of an isocyanate with itself,
surfaces of the core foam.
or both, using a catalyst and blowing agents to form a rigid
4.1.1.1 Class 1—Non-reinforced core foam.
closed-cell-structured polyisocyanurate foam. The insulation
4.1.1.2 Class 2—Glass fiber reinforced core foam.
foam core shall be homogeneous and of uniform density.
4.1.2 Type II—Faced with organic/inorganic/
6.2 Facing Materials— The facing material incorporated
asphaltsaturated/polymer-bonded/fibrous felt or uncoated/
into the design of the faced thermal insulation board shall be as
asphaltcoated/polymer-bonded/glass fiber mat membrane fac-
follows:
ers on both major surfaces of the core foam.
6.2.1 Aluminum Foil— Aluminum foil is plain or coated
4.1.3 Type III—Faced with a perlite insulation board on one
aluminum foil, or foil laminated to a supporting membrane.
major surface of the core foam and an organic/inorganic/
6.2.2 Polymer-Bonded Organic/Inorganic Fibrous Felt—
asphalt-saturated/polymer-bonded/fibrous felt or uncoated/
This organic/inorganic fibrous felt shall consist of an organic
asphalt-coated/polymer-bonded/glass fiber mat membrane
fiber felt containing inorganic fibers, internally bonded with
facer on the other major surface of the core foam.
organic polymer binders.
4.1.4 Type IV—Faced with a cellulosic fiber insulating
6.2.3 Asphalt-Saturated Organic Fibrous Felt—The
board on one major surface of the core foam and an organic/
asphalt-saturated organic fibrous felt shall conform to the
inorganic/asphalt-saturated/polymer-bonded/fibrous felt or
material and physical properties requirements specified in
uncoated/asphalt-coated/polymer-bonded/glass fiber mat mem-
Specification D 226.
brane facer on the other major surface of the core foam.
6.2.4 Polymer-Bonded Organic Fibrous Felt—The
4.1.5 Type V—Faced with oriented strand board or wafer-
polymer-bonded organic fibrous felt shall consist of organic
board on one major surface of the foam and an organic/
fiber felt bonded with organic polymer binders.
inorganic/asphalt-saturated/polymer-bonded/fibrous felt or
6.2.5 Asphalt-Coated Glass Fiber Mat—The asphalt-coated
uncoated/asphalt-coated/polymer-bonded/glass fiber mat mem-
glass fiber mat shall consist of fibrous glass mats coated with
brane facer on the other major surface of the core foam.
asphalt or asphalt emulsion.
4.1.6 Type VI—Faced with a perlite insulation board on both
6.2.6 Polymer-Bonded Glass Fiber Mat—The polymer-
major surfaces of the core foam.
bonded glass fiber mat shall consist of fibrous glass mats
NOTE 1—These general statements refer to generic composition de-
bonded with organic polymer binders.
scriptions of facer materials, bonded fibrous felts, and mats that are
6.2.7 Perlite Insulation Board—The perlite insulation board
currently commercially accepted in the marketplace for these products,
shall conform to the material and physical property require-
using terms common to these competing products. Felts may contain
ments specified in Standard Specification C 728, either type 1
organic fibers, inorganic fibers, or mixtures of organic and inorganic fibers
or type 2 may be used. The perlite insulation board may be
and may be suitably bonded in one of several alternative ways using
organic binders or conventional asphalt saturation to produce suitable
either the ⁄2-in. board listed in Specification C 728, which has
membrane facers. Glass fiber mats can be used uncoated, or asphalt coated
a higher core density and modified formulation (as agreed upon
or otherwise polymer bonded to also produce suitable membrane facers.
between buyer and seller) than the thicker products, or may be
a ⁄2-in. thickness (available only to manufacturers of laminated
rigid foam products) of the ⁄4 to 3 in. formulation perlite board
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.
listed in Specification C 728.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
6.2.8 Cellulosic Fiber Insulation Board—The cellulosic
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Floor, New York, NY 10036. fiber insulating board shall conform to the material and
C 1289
A
TABLE 1 Physical Properties
Product Type I Type I
Type II Type III Type IV Type V Type VI
Type Class 1 Class 2
Facer covering Aluminum foil Aluminum foil Fibrous Felt or Perlite Insulation Cellulosic Fiber Oriented Strand Perlite Insulation
one surface Glass Fiber Mat Board Insulating Board Board or Wafer- Board
Membrane Board
Facer covering Aluminum foil Aluminum foil Fibrous Felt or Fibrous Felt or Fibrous Felt or Fibrous Felt or Perlite Insulation
opposite surface Glass Fiber Mat Glass Fiber Mat Glass Fiber Mat Glass Fiber Mat Board
Membrane Membrane Membrane Membrane or
Aluminum Foil
Physical Property
Compressive 16 (110) 16 (110) 16 (110) 16 (110) 16 (110) 16 (110) 16 (110)
strength, psi
B
(kPa), min
Dimensional
B
Stability
Percent linear
change, max
−40°F (−40°C) 2.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
amb, RH
158°F (70°C)/ 2.0 1.5 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
97 % RH
200°F (93°C)/ 4.0 1.5 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
amb RH
Flexural Strength
(modulus of
B
rupture)
psi (kPa), min 40 (275) 40 (275) 40 (275) 40 (275) 40 (275) 40 (275) 50 (345)
(Break load) lbf 8 (35) 8 (35) 17 (75) 17 (75) 17 (75) 17 (75) 33 (147)
(N), min
Tensile Strength, 500 (24) 500 (24) 500 (24) 500 (24) 500 (24) 500 (24) 500 (24)
B
psf (kPa), min
Perpendicular to
board surface
Water Absorption 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.5
2h percent by
B
volume, max
B B B CCCC
Water Vapor 0.3 (17.2) 0.3 (17.2) 1.0 (57.2)
Transmission,
Perm
(ng/Pa·s·m ),
max
A
Because core foam thickness and facer type, thickness, and permeability can all influence the magnitude of values measured for these physical properties, a nominal
1 in. foam core product has been described for referee purposes. Consult manufacturers regarding specific foam-facer composite products and other product thicknesses.
When appropriate, physical property values as agreed between buyer and seller shall replace those listed in Table 1 as qualification requirements described in 10.3.
B
Nominal 1-in. (25.4-mm) core foam.
C
Not applicable.
physical properties requirements specified in Specification product manufacturer and supplier.
C 208.
7.2 Thermal Resistance (R-value)—When ordering, specify
6.2.9 Oriented Strand Board and Waferboard—The ori-
the R-value; thickness shall be specified if there is a specific
ented strand board and waferboard shall conform to the
thickness requirement and R-value is not specified. The values
material and physical properties requirements specified in
specified shall be for the faced insulation product only, and
ANSI A208.1.
shall not include any additional thermal resistances from
reflective facer surfaces and adjacent air spaces or from other
7. Physical Properties
components of the building system. The mean thermal resis-
7.1 The thermal insulation board shall conform to the
tance of the material tested shall not be less than the minimum
properties stated in Table 1.
relevant value prescribed in Table 2. The thermal resistances of
7.1.1 The physical properties stated in Table 1 shall not be
individual specimens tested shall not be less than 90 % of the
used as design or engineering values unless this recommenda-
minimum value identified in Table 2.
tion is made in writing by the product manufacturer. It remains
the buyer’s responsibility to specify design requirements and
NOTE 2—Thermal characteristics of cellular plastics may be signifi-
obtain supporting physical properties documentation from each cantly influenced by installation and service-related variables such as age,
C 1289
A
TABLE 2 Thermal Resistance Properties
Product Type Type I Class 1 Type I Class 2 Type II Type III Type IV Type V Type VI
Facer Covering Aluminum Foil Aluminum Foil Fibrous Felt or Perlite Insulation Cellulosic Fiber Oriented Strand Perlite Insulation
One Surface Glass Fiber Mat Board Insulating Board Board, or Wafer- Board
Membrane Board
Facer Covering Aluminum Foil Aluminum Foil Fibrous Felt or Fibrous Felt or Fibrous Felt or Fibrous Felt or Perlite Insulation
Opposite Glass Fiber Mat Gla
...

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Standard Specification for Mineral-Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation for Light Frame Construction and Manufactured Housing

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the composition and physical properties of mineral-fiber blanket insulation used to thermally or acoustically insulate ceilings, floors, and walls in light frame construction and manufactured housing. The requirements cover fibrous blankets and facings. Typical mineral-fiber thermal insulation is classified into the following types, classes, and categories: Type I; Type II (Class A, Class B, and Class C (Category 1 and Category 2)); and Type III (Class A, Class B, and Class C (Category 1 and Category 2)). The following test methods shall be performed: dimensions; thermal resistance; surface burning characteristics; critical radiant flux; water vapor permeance; water vapor sorption; odor emission; corrosiveness; and fungi resistance.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
11.1 This specification applies to products that are used in buildings. While products that comply with this specification are used in various constructions, they are adaptable primarily, but not exclusively, to wood frame construction.  
11.2 Since the property of thermal resistance for a specific thickness of blanket is only part of the total thermal performance of a building element such as a wall, ceiling, floor, and so forth, this specification states only general classifications for thermal resistance of the fibrous blanket itself. Facings that provide additional resistance to water-vapor transfer can affect system performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition and physical properties of mineral-fiber blanket insulation used to thermally or acoustically insulate ceilings, floors, and walls in light frame construction and manufactured housing. The requirements cover fibrous blankets and facings. Values for water-vapor permeance of facings are suggested for information that will be helpful to designers and installers.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C795-08(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Contact with Austenitic Stainless Steel

ABSTRACT
This specification covers non-metallic thermal insulation for use in contact with austenitic stainless steel piping and equipment. The material shall conform to the established requirements of the basic material specification. The physical and chemical requirements shall conform to the requirements of the basic material specification. Preproduction corrosion test and chemical analysis shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers non-metallic thermal insulation for use in contact with austenitic stainless steel piping and equipment. In addition to meeting the requirements specified in their individual material specifications, issued under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16, these insulations must pass the preproduction test requirements of Test Method C692, for stress corrosion effects on austenitic stainless steel, and the confirming quality control, chemical requirements, when tested in accordance with the Test Methods C871.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C686-17(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Parting Strength of Mineral Fiber Batt- and Blanket-Type Insulation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Tensile strength is a fundamental property associated with mineral fiber manufacture since it is influenced by the type of fiber, the deposition of fiber, the type and the amount of bonding agent, and the method of curing the resin to form a bonded insulation product. The test is an indication of product integrity and the ability of the product to be successfully handled and applied in the field.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers evaluation of strength in tension on mineral fiber batt- and blanket-type insulation products. It is useful for determining the comparative tensile properties of these products, specimens of which cannot be held by the more conventional clamp-type grips. This is a quality control method, and the results shall not be used for design purposes. It is not suitable for board-type products.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1134-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Water Retention of Rigid Thermal Insulations Following Partial Immersion

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Materials less than or equal to 15 mm (0.59 in.) in thickness shall not be tested in accordance with this test method in order to avoid complete immersion of the specimens. This type of exposure is beyond the scope of this test method.  
4.2 This test method is used to assess both the short-term water retention and the long-term water retention. The short-term water retention is assessed as the average of the water retained following partial immersion intervals of 0.75-h and 3.00-h, in kilograms per square meter (percent by volume) (for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness). The long-term water retention is assessed as the water retained following a 168-h partial immersion interval, in kilograms per square meter (percent by volume) (for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness).  
4.3 Materials shall be tested at both actual product thickness and 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness provided the materials can be cut to a thickness of 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) without changing the original character of the materials. If a product cannot be cut without changing the original character of the material, the corresponding information shall be provided in the test report. Results shall be reported on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area (in units of kilograms per square meter) for materials tested at actual product thickness and on the basis of equal specimen volume (in units of percent by volume) for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness. If a product cannot be cut to a thickness of 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) or if the actual product thickness is less than 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) but greater than 15 mm (0.59 in.), the product shall only be tested at actual product thickness and results only reported on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area.  
4.3.1 By reporting results on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area, specimens of different thicknesses can be compared equitably. For some specimens, the water intake ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the amount of water retained (including surface water) by rigid block and board thermal insulations used in building construction applications after these materials have been partially immersed in liquid water for prescribed time intervals under isothermal conditions. This test method is intended to be used for the characterization of materials in the laboratory. It is not intended to simulate any particular environmental condition potentially encountered in building construction applications.  
1.2 This test method does not address all the possible mechanisms of water intake and retention and related phenomena for rigid thermal insulations. It relates only to those conditions outlined in 1.1. Determination of moisture accumulation in thermal insulations due to complete immersion, water vapor transmission, internal condensation, freeze-thaw cycling, or a combination of these effects requires different test procedures.  
1.3 Each partial immersion interval is followed by a brief free-drainage period. This test method does not address or attempt to quantify the drainage characteristics of materials. Therefore, results for materials with different internal structure and porosity, such as cellular materials and fibrous materials, are not necessarily directly comparable. Also, test results for specimens of different thickness are not necessarily directly comparable because of porosity effects. The surface characteristics of a material also affect drainage. It is possible that specimens with rough surfaces will retain more surface water than specimens with smooth surfaces, and that surface treatment during specimen preparation will affect water intake and retention. Therefore, it is not advisable to directly compare results for materials with different surface characteristics.  
1.4 For most materials the size of the test specimens is small compared with the size of the products actually inst...

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ASTM
ASTM C667-17(2022)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Prefabricated Reflective Insulation Systems for Equipment and Pipe Operating at Temperatures above Ambient Air

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard for all metal prefabricated, reflective insulation systems for equipment and piping operating at temperatures above ambient in air proposed for use in nuclear power-generating plants and industrial plants. The insulation unit is a rigid, self-contained, prefabricated metal construction made of an inner and outer casing arranged to form a rigid assembly with separated air spaces between the inner and outer casing and the individual reflective liners. The reflective insulation described herein is limited to systems of insulating units, designed to fit the equipment or piping to be insulated. The units shall be manufactured from metals that are in accordance with the thermal, physical, and chemical requirements not only of the insulation as unit, but also as an assembly of units forming the insulation system.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for all metal prefabricated, reflective insulation systems for equipment and piping operating in air at temperatures above ambient. Typical applications are in nuclear power-generating plants and industrial plants.  
1.2 Reflective insulation is thermal insulation that reduces radiant heat transfer across spaces by the use of surfaces of high reflectance and low emittance.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C592-22a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Blanket Insulation and Blanket-Type Pipe Insulation (Metal-Mesh Covered) (Industrial Type)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers mineral fiber blanket insulation and blanket-type pipe insulation (metal-mesh covered) (industrial type). Mineral fiber metal-mesh covered blanket shall be composed of rock, slag, or glass processed from the molten state into fibrous form, bonded with or without an organic binder, and secured with metallic supporting facing(s). Types of facings for one or both sides of blanket units shall be specified. When both sides are to be faced, units are permitted to have the same or different types on the two sides. Each piece of metal-mesh covered insulation shall be coherent to permit handling/transportation and installation as a unit. A detectable odor of objectionable nature recorded by more than two of the five panel members shall constitute rejection of the material. When tested and evaluated, the corrosion resulting from the unfaced insulation blanket in contact with metal plates shall be judged to be no greater than comparative plates in contact with sterile cotton. The averaged maximum shot content of mineral fiber rock or slag type products shall not exceed 30 % by weight. When tested, the blanket insulation shall not warp, flame, or glow during hot surface exposure. When tested, the blanket mid-point temperature shall not at any time exceed the hot surface temperature by more than 100°F (55.5°C). When tested, the blanket insulation shall not exceed the recorded temperature rise more than 54°F (30°C) with no flaming and weight loss exceeding 5 %.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition, dimensions, and physical properties of mineral fiber (rock, slag, or glass) metal mesh covered and industrial type blanket and blanket-type pipe insulation (typically on 24 in. (610 mm) diameters or larger)). Its use is for cooled surfaces at temperatures operating below ambient to 0°F (−18°C) and on heated surfaces on expansion joints to large diameter vessels and tanks operating at temperatures up to 1200°F (649°C). Specific applications outside the actual use temperatures shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser.  
1.2 For satisfactory performance, properly installed protective vapor retarders or barriers shall be used on below ambient temperature applications to reduce movement of moisture/water vapor through or around the insulation towards the colder surface. Failure to use a vapor retarder can lead to insulation and system damage. Refer to Practice C921 to aid material selection. Although vapor retarder properties are not part of this specification, properties required in Specification C1136 are pertinent to applications or performance.  
1.3 The orientation of the fibers within the blanket is primarily parallel to the heated surface. This specification does not cover fabricated pipe and tank wrap insulation where the insulation has been cut and fabricated to provide fiber orientation that is perpendicular to the heated surface.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to provide the performance requirements of hourly-rated fire systems. Consult the manufacturer for the appropriate system.  
1.5 See Supplementary Requirements for modifications to sections in this standard only when specified by purchaser in the contract or order from the U.S. Military specifications utilized by the U.S. Department of Defense, Department of the Navy, and the Naval Systems Command.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internatio...

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