ASTM D4354-12
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
Standard Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides a means by which samples of geosynthetics may be selected to provide a statistically valid sample for the selection of test specimens without previous knowledge of the variability that may exist between production units.
5.2 The principles stated in Practice D4271, and the illustrative text in that practice can be used by test method authors in preparing sampling statements.
5.3 This practice gives three procedures for sampling: one for manufacturer's quality control (MQC), one for manufacturer's quality assurance (MQA) testing, and a third for purchaser's specification conformance testing. For this reason, test methods containing a section on sampling that requires the use of this practice should contain a statement in the section on reporting similar to the following:“ Report which procedure from Practice D4354 was used for sampling: Procedure A for Manufacturer's Quality Control (MQC), Procedure B for Manufacturer's Quality Assurance (MQA) Testing, or Procedure C for Purchaser's Specification Conformance Testing.
5.4 Manufacturer's Quality Assurance is done internally to ensure the manufacturer of the MQC program. When it is required to provide certification to a purchaser as to quality assurance, the MQA testing is to be done by an external MQA testing facility.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers three procedures for the sampling of geosynthetics and rolled erosion control products (RECPs) for testing. This practice requires that instructions on taking laboratory samples and test specimens be part of every test method for geosynthetics.
1.1.1 The first procedure describes the sampling of production units for the purpose of manufacturer's quality control (MQC) (Table 1). TABLE 1 Number of Units to be Selected as Lot Sample—Manufacturers’ Quality Control
Number of Units in Lot
Number of Units Selected
1 to 2
1
3 to 8
2
9 to 27
3
28 to 64
4
65 to 125
5
126 to 216
6
217 to 343
7
344 to 512
8
513 to 729
9
730 to 1000
10
1001 or more
11
1.1.2 The second procedure describes the sampling of production units for the purpose of manufacturer's quality assurance (MQA) testing during the manufacturing process. This requires that backup statistical process control records be maintained during the manufacturing process (Table 2).TABLE 2 Number of Units to be Selected as Lot Sample—Manufacturer's Quality Assurance
Number of Units in Lot
Number of Units Selected
1 to 200
1
201 to 500
2
501 to 1000
3
1001 or more
4
1.1.3 The third procedure describes the division of shipments of geosynthetics and rolled erosion control products into lots and the determination of lot sample size for purchaser's specification conformance testing (Table 3).TABLE 3 Number of Units to be Selected as Lot Sample—Purchaser's Specification Conformance
Number of Units in Lot
Number of Units Selected
1 to 200
1
201 to 500
2
501 to 1000
3
1001 or more
4
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D4354 − 12
Standard Practice for
Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control
1
Products (RECPs) for Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4354; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This practice covers three procedures for the sampling 3.1 Definitions:
of geosynthetics and rolled erosion control products (RECPs) 3.1.1 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from
for testing. This practice requires that instructions on taking
polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geo-
laboratory samples and test specimens be part of every test technical engineering related material as an integral part of a
method for geosynthetics.
man-made project, structure, or system.
1.1.1 The first procedure describes the sampling of produc-
3.1.2 lot, n—a unit of production, or a group of other units
tion units for the purpose of manufacturer’s quality control
or packages, taken for sampling or statistical examination,
(MQC) (Table 1).
having one or more common properties and being readily
1.1.2 The second procedure describes the sampling of
separable from other similar units.
production units for the purpose of manufacturer’s quality
3.1.3 quality assurance, n—all those planned or systematic
assurance (MQA) testing during the manufacturing process.
actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that a
This requires that backup statistical process control records be
material, product, system, or service will satisfy given needs.
maintained during the manufacturing process (Table 2).
3.1.4 quality control, n—the operational techniques and the
1.1.3 The third procedure describes the division of ship-
ments of geosynthetics and rolled erosion control products into activities which sustain a quality of material, product, system,
or service that will satisfy given needs; also the use of such
lots and the determination of lot sample size for purchaser’s
specification conformance testing (Table 3). techniques and activities.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.1.5 sample, n—(1) a portion of material which is taken for
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the testing or for record purposes. (See also sample, lot; sample,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- laboratory;and specimen.)(2)agroupofspecimensused,orof
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- observationsmade,whichprovideinformationthatcanbeused
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. for making statistical inferences about the population(s) from
which the specimens are drawn.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.6 sample, laboratory, n—a portion of material taken to
2
represent the lot sample, or the original material, and used in
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the laboratory as a source of test specimens.
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D4271 Practice for Writing Statements on Sampling in Test
3.1.7 sample, lot, n—one or more shipping units taken at
3
Methods for Textiles (Withdrawn 2009)
random to represent an acceptance sampling lot and used as a
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
source of laboratory samples.
3.1.8 sampling unit, n—an identifiable, discrete unit or
subunit of material that could be taken as part of a sample.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosyn-
3.1.8.1 Discussion—Fig. 1 is included to show the differ-
thetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechanical
ence between lot sample, laboratory sample and test specimen.
Properties.
Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published September 2012. Originally
3.1.9 sampling unit, primary, n—the sampling unit contain-
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4354 – 99(2009).
ing all the sources of variability which should be considered in
DOI: 10.1520/D4354-12.
2
acceptance testing; the sampling unit taken in first stage of
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
selection in any procedure for sampling a lot or shipment.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
3.1.9.1 Discussion—For textiles, the primary sampling units
the ASTM website.
3
are generally taken as the shipping units making up a lot; such
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. as bales of fiber, cases of yarn, rolls of fabric, or cartons of
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4354 − 99 (Reapproved 2009) D4354 − 12
Standard Practice for
Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control
1
Products(RECPs) for Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4354; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers three procedures for the sampling of geosynthetics and rolled erosion control products (RECPs) for
testing. This practice requires that instructions on taking laboratory samples and test specimens be part of every test method for
geosynthetics.
1.1.1 The first procedure describes the sampling of production units for the purpose of manufacturer’s quality control (MQC)
(Table 1).
1.1.2 The second procedure describes the sampling of production units for the purpose of manufacturer’s quality assurance
(MQA) testing during the manufacturing process. This requires that backup statistical process control records be maintained during
the manufacturing process (Table 2).
1.1.3 The third procedure describes the division of shipments of geosynthetics and rolled erosion control products into lots and
the determination of lot sample size for purchaser’s specification conformance testing (Table 3).
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
3
D4271 Practice for Writing Statements on Sampling in Test Methods for Textiles (Withdrawn 2009)
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geotechnical
engineering related material as an integral part of a man-made project, structure, or system.
3.1.2 lot, n—a unit of production, or a group of other units or packages, taken for sampling or statistical examination, having
one or more common properties and being readily separable from other similar units.
3.1.3 quality assurance, n—all those planned or systematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that a material,
product, system, or service will satisfy given needs.
3.1.4 quality control, n—the operational techniques and the activities which sustain a quality of material, product, system, or
service that will satisfy given needs; also the use of such techniques and activities.
3.1.5 sample, n—(1) a portion of material which is taken for testing or for record purposes. (See also sample,lot;
sample,laboratory; and specimen.) (2) a group of specimens used, or of observations made, which provide information that can
be used for making statistical inferences about the population(s) from which the specimens are drawn.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2009July 1, 2012. Published February 2009 September 2012. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20042009
as D4354 – 99(2004).(2009). DOI: 10.1520/D4354-99R09.10.1520/D4354-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D4354 − 12
TABLE 1 Number of Units to be Selected as Lot Sample—
Purchaser’s Specification ConformanceSample—Manufacturers’
Quality Control
Number of Units in Lot Number of Units Selected
1 to 2 1
3 to 8 2
9 to 27 3
28 to 64 4
65 to 125 5
126 to 216 6
217 to 343 7
344 to 512 8
513 to 729 9
730 to 1000 10
1001 or more 11
TABLE 2 Number of Units to be Selected as Lot Sample—
Manufacturer’s Quality Assurance
Number of Units in Lot Number of Units Selected
1 to 200 1
201 to 500 2
501 to 1000 3
1001
...
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