ASTM E1151-93

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: E 1151 – 93
Standard Practice for
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Ion Chromatography Terms and Relationships
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1151; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (ε) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.3 Single Column Ion Chromatography, (Electronically
Suppressed Ion Chromatography)—In this technique sample
1.1 This practice deals primarily with identifying the terms
componentsareseparatedonalowcapacityionexchangerand
and relationships of those techniques that use ion exchange
detected conductimetrically. Generally, lower capacity ion
chromatographytoseparatemixturesandaconductivitydetec-
exchangers are used with electronic suppression than with
tor to detect the separated components. However, most of the
chemical suppression. Mobile phases with ionic equivalent
termsshouldalsoapplytoionchromatographictechniquesthat
conductancesignificantlydifferentfromthatofthesampleions
employ other separation and detection mechanisms.
andalowelectrolyticconductivityareused,permittinganalyte
1.2 Because ion chromatography is a liquid chromato-
ion detection with only electronic suppression of the baseline
graphic technique, this practice uses, whenever possible the
conductivity signal.
terms and relationships identified in Practice E682.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Apparatus
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Pumps—Any of various machines that deliver the mo-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
bile phase at a controlled flow rate through the chromato-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
graphic system.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1.1 Syringe Pumps, having a piston that advances at a
2. Referenced Documents controlled rate within a cylinder to displace the mobile phase.
4.1.2 Reciprocating Pumps, having one or more chambers
2.1 ASTM Standards:
from which mobile phase is displaced by reciprocating pis-
E682 Practice for Liquid Chromatography Terms and Re-
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ton(s)ordiaphragm(s).Thechambervolumeisnormallysmall
lationships
compared to the volume of the column.
3. Descriptions of Techniques
4.1.3 Pneumatic Pumps, employing a gas to displace the
3.1 Ion Chromatography, (IC)—a general term for several mobile phase either directly from a pressurized container or
indirectly through a piston or collapsible container. The vol-
liquid column chromatographic techniques for the analysis of
ionic or ionizable compounds. Of the many useful separation ume within these pumps is normally large as compared to the
volume of the column.
and detection schemes, those most widely used have been the
two techniques described in 3.2 and 3.3 in which ion exchange 4.2 Sample Inlet Systems, devices for introducing samples
into the column.
separation is combined with conductimetric detection. By
describing only these two techniques, this practice does not 4.2.1 Septum Injectors—The sample contained in a syringe
isintroduceddirectlyintothepressurizedflowingmobilephase
mean to imply that IC is tied only to ion exchange chroma-
tography or conductimetric detection. by piercing an elastomeric barrier with a needle attached to a
syringe. The syringe is exposed to pressure and defines the
3.2 Chemically Suppressed Ion Chromatography, (Dual
Column Ion Chromatography)—In this technique, sample sample volume.
4.2.2 Valve Injectors—The sample contained in a syringe
componentsareseparatedonalowcapacityionexchangerand
detected conductimetrically. Detection of the analyte ions is (or contained in a sample vial) is injected into (or drawn into)
an ambient-pressure chamber through which the pressurized
enhanced by selectively suppressing the conductivity of the
mobile phase through post separation ion exchange reactions. flowing mobile phase is subsequently diverted, after sealing
against ambient pressure. The displacement is by means of
rotary or sliding motion. The chamber is a section (loop) of
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This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E–19 on
tubing or an internal chamber.The chamber can be completely
Chromatography and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E19.10 on Ion
filled, in which case the chamber volume defines the sample
Chromatography.
volume, or it can be partially filled, in which case the syringe
Current edition approved July 15, 1993. Published September 1993.
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. calibration marks define the sample volume.
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