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ASTM D6825-02e1

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Placement of Riprap Revetments

Standard Guide for Placement of Riprap Revetments

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers methods to place riprap with associated filters for erosion control purposes. This guide does not recommend a specific course of action because of the diverse methods and procedures that are capable of producing a functional product. This guide identifies favorable riprap qualities and recommends practices best suited to obtain those qualities. The production of rock, use of recycled materials, rock with cut dimensions, and engineering and design is beyond the scope of this guide. Special forms of riprap, including hand placed riprap, grouted riprap, or keyed (plated) riprap that is tamped into place to smooth the surface, are also beyond the scope of this guide.
1.2 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word "Standard" in the title of this document means only that the document has been developed and approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Aug-2002
ICS
91.100.15 - Mineral materials and products
Technical Committee
D18 - Soil and Rock
Drafting Committee
D18.17 - Rock for Erosion Control
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6825-02 - Standard Guide for Placement of Riprap Revetments
Effective Date
10-Aug-2002
Replaced By
ASTM D6825-02e2 - Standard Guide for Placement of Riprap Revetments
Effective Date
10-Aug-2002
Referred By
ASTM D5519-15 - Standard Test Methods for Particle Size Analysis of Natural and Man-Made Riprap Materials
Effective Date
10-Aug-2002

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ASTM D6825-02e1 - Standard Guide for Placement of Riprap RevetmentsASTM D6825-02e1 - Standard Guide for Placement of Riprap Revetments
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ASTM D6825-02e1 - Standard Guide for Placement of Riprap Revetments
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
Designation:D6825–02
Standard Guide for
1
Placement of Riprap Revetments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6825; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
e NOTE—Section X1.2 was corrected editorially in June 2004.
1. Scope C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
2
Aggregates
1.1 This guide covers methods to place riprap with associ-
2
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
ated filters for erosion control purposes. This guide does not
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
recommend a specific course of action because of the diverse
2
Fluids
methods and procedures that are capable of producing a
D 4992 Practice for Evaluation of Rock to be used for
functional product.This guide identifies favorable riprap quali-
2
Erosion Control
ties and recommends practices best suited to obtain those
D 5519 Practice for Particle Size Analysis of Natural and
qualities. The production of rock, use of recycled materials,
2
Man-Made Riprap Materials
rock with cut dimensions, and engineering and design is
D 6092 Practice for Specifying Standard Sizes of Stone for
beyond the scope of this guide. Special forms of riprap,
2
Erosion Control
including hand placed riprap, grouted riprap, or keyed (plated)
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
riprap that is tamped into place to smooth the surface, are also
M 288–2000 Geotextile Specification for HighwayApplica-
beyond the scope of this guide.
3
tions
1.2 This guide offers an organized collection of information
oraseriesofoptionsanddoesnotrecommendaspecificcourse
3. Terminology
of action. This document cannot replace education or experi-
3.1 Terminology used in this guide, which is not included or
ence and should be used in conjunction with professional
not completely defined in Terminology D 653, is defined
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
below.
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
3.2.1 bedding—an aggregate mixture placed below the
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
riprap. Bedding material is usually sand and gravel sized, but
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
may include cobble sized material. If placed without a geotex-
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
tile, the bedding material may be used as a filter. If placed in
document means only that the document has been developed
conjunction with a geotextile, the bedding may provide a
and approved through the ASTM consensus process
cushionforprotectionofthegeotextileduringriprapplacement
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous operations and
andprovideconfinementofthegeotextile.Itispossibletohave
equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the
more than one bedding layer.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.2 chinking—the practice of filling riprap surface voids
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
with smaller sized rock or aggregate.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.3 clam shell—a bucket tool that is operated from a
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
dragline or crane. The bucket is hinged at the top and opens
2. Referenced Documents like a clam so that rock can be placed without dropping it.
3.2.4 D —the particle diameter at which x % by weight
x
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
(dry) of the particles of a particular sample are finer.
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
3.2.5 filter—any substance, as geotextile or layer of sand/
aggregate, placed to provide separation and retention of mate-
rials, while allowing water to pass.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.17 on Rock for Erosion
Control.
3
Current edition approved August 10, 2002. Published October 2002. Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
D6825–02
3.2.6 floater—a individual rock within the riprap layer tha
...

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ASTM D6711/D6711M-22(Practice)
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5.1 Gabions and mattresses are described in Specifications A974 and A975. Gabions and mattresses are primarily used for earth retaining walls, erosion mitigation and scour protection works. Their ability to function properly depends on their stability, which is partly dependent upon the rocks filling them. Rock sizes should be chosen to prevent individual rocks from falling through the mesh of the gabions or mattresses. The rock also has to withstand natural weathering processes during the life of the project that would cause it to breakdown to sizes smaller than the wire mesh opening dimensions.
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1.1 This practice covers the sizes and quality of rock to fill gabions and mattresses.  
1.2 This practice does not cover the sizes and quality of rock for other erosion control uses such as riprap or drainage.  
1.3 This practice does not cover the material properties or construction of gabions or mattresses.  
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5.1 The CERCHAR test and associated CAI were developed at a time of more demand for application of mechanical excavation machines at the Laboratoire du Center d' Études et Recherches des Charbonnages de France (CERCHAR) (5). CAI is used to assess the abrasiveness of rock for mechanical excavation. Rock abrasiveness governs the performance of disc cutters, the rate of its replacement and therefore subsequent tunnel costs. Advances in methods of underground excavation, in particular the use of the tunnel boring machine (TBM), necessitates knowledge of rock abrasiveness. Abrasiveness expresses a behavioral characteristic of rock rather than a fundamental physical or mechanical property.  
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5.3 The test velocity for the Original CERCHAR apparatus is approximately 10 mm/s and 1 mm/s for the West CERCHAR apparatus. The CAI values obtained for both testing velocities (4) are estimated to be equal.  
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by these practices is dependent upon the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing and sampling. Users of these practices are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasiveness of rock by the CERCHAR Abrasiveness Index (CAI) method. The test method consists of measuring the wear on the tip of steel stylus with a cone shape and known Rockwell Hardness, caused by scratching against a freshly broken or saw cut rock surface for a prescribed 10 mm distance using one of the two test apparatus.  
1.2 This test method is intended for freshly broken rock surfaces; however, saw cut surfaces are covered for when a satisfactory rock surface cannot be obtained.  
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1.3.1 The Rockwell hardness (HR) value is based on the indentation hardness of a material. The Rockwell test, E18, measures the depth of penetration of an indenter under a large load (major load) compared to the penetration made by a preload (minor load). (3) There are different scales, denoted by a single letter (A to F), that use different loads or indenters. The result is a dimensionless number noted as HRA, HRB, HRC, etc., where the last letter is the respective Rockwell scale which in this test method is the scale C, which is for harden‐steel.  
1.4 Basically, the CERCHAR test is a measurement of the relative different hardness of stylus tip and rock specimen surface. The stylus tip is made of steel having a known Rockwell Hardness. Experiments have shown that CAI varies inversely with stylus hardness. Test results with the same steel type stylus but with different hardness need to be normalized to standard stylus hardness (2).  
1.5 The scratch distance shall be limited to 10 mm. In general, 85 % of the stylus wear occurs during the first 2 mm of scratch’s length. The remaining 15 % of the stylus wear occurs during the last 8 mm of the scratch’s length. Therefore,...

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ASTM D8038-16(2022)e1(Practice)
Standard Practice for Reclamation of Recycled Aggregate Base (RAB) Material

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Use of recycled aggregate base has become commonplace in transportation applications.  
4.2 RAB may be used alone or in mixtures with other aggregate materials (virgin and/or recycled) in the production of unbound base course materials.  
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ASTM D4992-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Evaluation of Rock to be Used for Erosion Control

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The field examination, sampling, and petrographic examination in this practice along with appropriate laboratory testing may be used to determine the suitability of rock for erosion control. Factors to consider include identification and delineation of areas or zones of the rock, beds, and facies of unsuitable or marginal composition and properties due to weathering, alteration, structural weaknesses, porosity, and other potentially deleterious characteristics.  
4.2 Evaluate both the rock mass properties and the rock material properties.  
4.2.1 The rock mass properties are the lithologic properties of the in situ rock that are evaluated on a macroscopic scale in the field. These properties include features such as fractures, joints, faults, bedding, schistosity, and lineations, as well as the lateral and vertical extent of the rock unit.  
4.2.2 The rock material properties are those lithologic properties that may be evaluated using small specimens and thus can be subject to meaningful laboratory testing. These properties would include mineral composition, grain size, rock hardness, degree of weathering, porosity, unit weight, and many others.  
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ASTM D5121-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Preparation of Rock Slabs for Durability Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is used to prepare rock specimens for durability testing and to evaluate any internal defects, such as cracks, that may not be apparent on the surfaces of broken blocks of rock. Such evaluation can also aid in the selection and location of slabs for testing as outlined in Practice D4992. In some cases, the need for further testing or evaluation may be eliminated.  
4.2 The sawing of rock samples will reduce them to a suitable specimen size and quantity for testing and, in many cases, preserve the natural structure of the internal defects so the samples can be evaluated by the various durability tests.  
4.3 Durability tests specimens should be 65 ± 5 mm (2.5 ± 0.25 in) thick normal to bedding or any potential planes of weakness which may be observed in the samples. In no case will the size of the slab be less than 125 mm (5 in.) on a side, excluding the thickness Ideally, a test specimen size equal to the proposed design size would provide the ultimate in correlation between laboratory tests and actual field performance. However, in most cases, this is neither practical nor economically feasible.
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the preparation of rock slabs for various tests and any visual inspections used to evaluate the durability of rock for erosion control. These tests include, but are not limited to, Test Methods D5240/D5240M, D5312/D5312M, and D5313/D5313M. This practice is appropriate for the assessment of breakwater stone, armor stone, riprap, and gabion sized rock materials.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 All observed and measured values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.  
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1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazards statement, see Section 7.  
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ASTM D6825-21(Guide)
Standard Guide for Placement of Riprap Revetments

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Riprap is a commonly used form of scour protection and general slope protection. Riprap provides a long term solution when properly sized and installed. Riprap has structural flexibility so it will conform to irregular surfaces and adapt to minor subgrade settlement. It is often appropriate for use in conjunction with soil bioengineering (vegetation establishment) alternatives. In some environments, riprap may provide habitat for benthic organisms and fish.  
4.2 Revetments provide a facing or lining to armor a surface; and the layer thickness is typically minimized while providing the necessary resistance to scour. In this case, standardized practices to obtain consistent coverage having acceptable thickness tolerances and voids become important.  
4.3 This guide may be used by owners, installation contractors, regulatory agencies, inspection organizations, and designers and specifiers who are involved in the construction of riprap revetments. Modifications may be required for specific job conditions. This guide is not intended for construction specifications on large projects, but may be referenced where preparation of job specific construction specifications are not justified. If this practice is included by reference in contract documents, the specifier should provide a list of supplemental requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers methods to place riprap with associated filters for erosion control purposes. This guide does not recommend a specific course of action because of the diverse methods and procedures that are capable of producing a functional product. This guide identifies favorable riprap qualities and recommends practices best suited to obtain those qualities. The production of rock, use of recycled materials, rock with cut dimensions, and engineering and revetment design are beyond the scope of this guide. Special forms of riprap, including hand placed riprap, grouted riprap, or keyed (plated) riprap that is tamped into place to smooth the surface, are also beyond the scope of this guide.  
1.2 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been developed and approved through the ASTM consensus process  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D8281/D8281M-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Presence of Expanding Clays in Rock for Erosion Control Using Ethylene Glycol

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Rock for erosion control consists of individual pieces of natural quarried stone or large boulders and cobbles. The ability of these individual pieces of stone to resist deterioration due to weathering action affects the stability of the integral placement of rock for erosion control and hence, the stability of construction projects, structures, shorelines, and stream banks.  
5.2 Deterioration of stone in this test is one indicator that similar samples exposed to wet/dry and freeze/thaw cycles may break down in a water-soaked environment condition in service.  
5.3 This test method was developed to be used in conjunction with additional test methods listed in Practice D4992. This test method provides a quantitative value indicating potential resistance to weathering; however, the results of this test method are not to be used as the sole basis for the determination of rock durability.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent upon the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluation some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the testing for and quantitative determination of the presence of swelling clays of the smectite group in rock for erosion control. The test particles are intended to be representative of erosion control rock and its durability. The test is appropriate for breakwater stone, armor stone, riprap and gabion sized rock materials.  
1.2 Ethylene glycol is one of the materials that react with swelling clays to form an organoclay complex having a larger basal spacing than that of the clay mineral itself. Rock containing swelling clay of the smectite group will be expected to undergo expansive breakdown upon soaking in ethylene glycol. If the amount, distribution, state of expansion, and ability to take up glycol is such as to cause such breakdown to occur, it may be expected that similar breakdown may occur of similar rock samples exposed, for longer times, to wetting and drying or freezing and thawing in a water-soaked condition in service.  
1.3 The prepared size of the rock specimens may eliminate some of the internal features present in the gross structure. The test specimens may not be representative of the quality of the larger rock samples used in construction. Careful examination of the rock source and proper sampling are essential in minimizing this limitation.  
1.3.1 The test is time intensive and requires over two weeks to complete the sample preparation, testing and analysis portions of the procedure.  
1.4 The use of reclaimed concrete and materials other than natural rock is beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.5.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The slug unit is not given unless dynamic (F=ma) calculations are involved.  
1.5.2 The SI units presented for apparatus are substitutions of the inch-pound units, other similar SI units should be acceptable providing they meet the technical requirements established by the inch-po...

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ASTM D5240/D5240M-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Durability of Rock for Erosion Control Using Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Rock for erosion control consists of individual pieces of natural stone. The ability of these individual pieces of stone to resist deterioration due to weathering action affects the stability of the integral placement of rock for erosion control and hence, the stability of construction projects, structures, shorelines, and stream banks.  
5.2 The sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate soundness test is one method by which to estimate qualitatively the durability of rock under weathering conditions. This test method was developed to be used in conjunction with additional test methods listed in Practice D4992. This test method does not provide an absolute value, but rather an indication of the resistance to freezing and thawing; therefore, the results of this test method are not to be used as the sole basis for the determination of rock durability.  
5.3 This test method has been used to evaluate many different types of rocks. There have been occasions when test results have provided data that have not agreed with the durability of rock under actual field conditions; samples yielding a low soundness loss have disintegrated in actual usage, and the reverse has been true.
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers test procedures for evaluating the soundness of rock for erosion control by the effects of a sodium or magnesium sulfate solution on slabs of rock. It is an accelerated weathering test. The rock slabs, prepared in accordance with procedures in Practice D5121, are intended to be representative of erosion control sized materials and their inherent weaknesses. The test is appropriate for breakwater stone, armor stone, riprap and gabion sized rock materials.  
1.1.1 The limitations of this test are twofold. First the test is a simulation of freezing and thawing conditions using accelerated life cycling techniques. The test evaluates the internal expansive force derived from the rehydration of the salt upon re-immersion, an event that may not occur in some natural environments, to simulate the expansion of water rather than the actual freezing of water. Secondly, the size of the cut rock slab specimens may eliminate some of the internal defects present in the rock structure. The test specimens may not be representative of the quality of the larger rock samples used in construction. Careful examination of the rock source and proper sampling are essential in minimizing this limitation.  
1.2 The use of reclaimed concrete and other materials for erosion control is beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.3.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The slug unit is not given unless dynamic (F=ma) calculations are involved.  
1.3.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This practi...

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ASTM
ASTM D6910/D6910M-19(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Marsh Funnel Viscosity of Construction Slurries

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Viscosity is a fundamental characteristic for slurries in construction applications. The Marsh Funnel Viscosity test can be used for field quality control of slurries. Relative changes in slurry viscosity can be identified using Marsh Funnel measurements and modifications can be made to mixing and handling procedures.
Note 1: The development of the Marsh Funnel is credited to Hallan N. Marsh of Los Angeles who published the design and use of his funnel viscometer in 1931.  
5.2 This test method allows for the assessment of the apparent viscosity of construction slurries in the laboratory and in the field. The Marsh Funnel Viscosity is not a true viscosity, it is an index value and can only be used to assess the relative viscosity of the slurry to water. Higher MFV values are obtained for slurries with higher viscosity and lower MFV values are obtained for slurries with lower viscosity.  
5.3 In this test, it is assumed that the apparent viscosity of a slurry is directly related to the flow duration through a specially shaped funnel (the Marsh Funnel).  
5.4 In slurry construction applications, the viscosity of a slurry must be maintained within a predetermined range to stabilize the surrounding soil being supported.  
5.5 The Marsh Funnel Viscosity has been widely used in drilling soil and rock for water wells and oil, gas, soil stabilization, foundation drilling, and hydraulic barrier applications.  
5.6 Inert suspended solids (such as fine sands, clays, and cement) and additives affect the viscosity of slurries. This test may be used to determine the relative effects of these and other such materials on the viscosity of a slurry.
Note 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling/inspection/etc. Us...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides an indirect measurement of the viscosity of construction slurries using a funnel (Marsh Funnel) and a graduated cup with specific volume marks. This test method provides an indicator of the viscosity on a routine basis. This test method has been modified from the API Recommended Practice 13B-1.  
1.2 The result determined using the method is referred to as the Marsh Funnel Viscosity. The Marsh Funnel Viscosity is an index property and is not an actual measurement of viscosity.  
1.3 This test can be performed in the laboratory or in the field to assess the Marsh Funnel Viscosity of a slurry for quality control purposes.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7626-19e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Determining the Organic Treat Loading of Organophilic Clay

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This standard test method is intended as an index test to determine the organic treat loading of organophilic clay. This standard test method can be used for manufacturing quality control and construction quality assurance material evaluation.  
5.2 The percent organic treat loading of organophilic clay is a relative indicator of its adsorptive capacity. Organophilic clay is used for remediation of contaminated sediment, soil, and groundwater.  
5.3 The two test methods denote different devices, a muffle furnace and a thermal gravimetric analyzer. The thermal gravimetric analyzer may be programmed to reach a higher temperature than the muffle furnace, but the organic matter will be burnt off at 750 °C.
Note 3: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers two index test methods that can be used in the evaluation of the amount of organic compound chemically bonded to the base clay portion of a representative sample of organophilic clay.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
Note 1: This standard is presented using SI units. Use of units other than SI is allowed. However, if other units are used, the performance of a units conversion check of the calculations should be included as a part of the calculations.  
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.3.1 Two test methods are provided in this standard. The methods differ in equipment, the size of the specimen (mass) required and the significant digits reported.  
1.3.2 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of the reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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